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犬贾第虫包囊排出规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对自然感染贾第虫的比格犬进行粪检调查,结果表明犬贾第虫包囊排出呈间歇性,其间歇期为７～８ｄ,排囊后１２～１４ｄ达到排囊高峰期,峰期持续２～３ｄ,排囊持续时间为２５～２７ｄ。用２只幼犬进行免疫抑制接种犬贾第虫,接种后第７ｄ出现排包囊,排囊后６～７ｄ达到排囊高峰期,高峰期持续４～５ｄ。受染动物出现腹泻,体重减轻。 相似文献
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硝唑尼特治疗犬贾第虫病的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择试验犬8只,将其随机分为4个小组,每组2只.连续6 d对8只试验犬分剐进行粪检,确定无贾第虫感染后,用体外纯培养的犬贾第虫滋养体接种试验犬,然后每天采集试验犬新鲜粪便40 g,用硫酸锌漂浮法进行粪检,当检测犬贾第虫感染呈阳性时,分别用1、2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特时1、2、3组试验犬进行灌服治疗,第4组试验犬不用药作为对照.用药后,每天以同样的方法检测贾第虫包囊,并计数.结果表明,以2、4 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬1 d后粪检结果转为阴性,以1 mg/kg体质量给药的试验犬4 d后粪检结果转为阴性.结果表明以2、4 mg/kg体质量剂量的硝唑尼特对犬贾第虫痛有很好的疗效. 相似文献
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十二指肠贾第虫(又称肠贾第虫或蓝氏贾第虫)是一种常见的人兽共患寄生性原虫,寄生于人、家畜和犬猫等多种哺乳动物的小肠,由其导致的贾第虫病被世界卫生组织列为危害人类健康但被忽视的疾病之一。贾第虫生活史简单,由具有致病性滋养体和感染性包囊两个时期组成。在不良环境(胆固醇缺乏、碱性pH和高浓度胆汁条件等)刺激下,贾第虫滋养体会分化形成感染性包囊。形成包囊对贾第虫的生存、病原传播和致病至关重要。贾第虫感染往往是由于宿主吞食了感染性包囊污染的食物和饮水所致。包囊壁是贾第虫包囊抵抗外界不良环境、维持其生存能力和感染活性的重要屏障。包囊壁约40%由蛋白质组成,其余为N-乙酰半乳糖胺等碳水化合物和脂类等。贾第虫包囊壁主要含3种囊壁蛋白(cyst wall protein, CWP):CWP1、CWP2和CWP3。囊壁蛋白不仅在维持包囊活力方面发挥重要作用,且在贾第虫病诊断、口服疫苗开发等方面具有重要价值。笔者综述了贾第虫包囊壁的组成和形成、包囊成囊的诱导及调节、囊壁蛋白在疾病诊断和疫苗方面的研究,以期为后续相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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用伊维菌素和拜宠清分别对自然感染犬弓首蛔虫(Toxocara canis)的犬进行驱虫,以虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率为指标判定驱虫效果,比较2种药物对犬蛔虫的驱虫效力。结果显示:从虫卵减少率和虫卵转阴率来看,第1次给药后第5、10、15天拜宠清组和伊维菌素组的虫卵减少率均超过95%,但在第1次驱虫15 d后的虫卵转阴率均不能达到100%。在第1次驱虫后2周进行第2次驱虫,驱虫后5～10 d虫卵转阴率均能达到100%。从排虫情况来看,伊维菌素组多在给药后6～8 d排虫,拜宠清组多在给药后2～4 d排虫。从剖检情况看,经两次驱虫,驱净率均能到达100%。研究表明,伊维菌素和拜宠清对犬弓首蛔虫均有很好的驱虫效果。 相似文献
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从吉林省某犬繁育中心自然感染的比格犬中分离到一株贾第虫,经鉴定其为贾第虫属蓝氏贾第虫种犬贾第虫亚种,本研究提供了一套简便可行的犬贾第虫包囊的分离的分离纯化方法,将有利于对该病的进一步研究. 相似文献
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人源隐孢子虫小白鼠感染模型的建立 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为评价2种常用免疫抑制方法对小白鼠排人源隐孢子虫卵囊规律的影响,将19日龄小白鼠随机分成2组,第1组通过饮水给予地塞米松,第2组采用导胃管灌服地塞米松。第7 d,2组小白鼠灌胃接种人源隐孢子虫,每只小白鼠感染量为1.5×106个卵囊。两组均在感染当天就有卵囊排出,感染后第6 d粪便卵囊计数明显增加,随之出现3个高峰期,此后逐渐下降。免疫抑制组小白鼠在卵囊持续期不断有死亡但无腹泻症状。试验结果表明,用这2种免疫抑制方法,均能成功感染人源隐孢子虫,但通过灌服地塞米松可使小白鼠获得更高的OPG(每克粪便中的卵囊数)值和更长的排卵囊持续期。 相似文献
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猴卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过检测实验猴对卡氏肺孢子虫的易感性和致病性,使用1～4号实验猴经气管接种2.8×1O5卡氏肺孢子虫包囊,接种后,按25mg/kg体重肌注醋酸可的松;5～8号实验猴接种7.0×105包囊;9号猴为对照.结果表明:接种后27～33 d,1～4号实验猴出现体温上升,厌食,消瘦,虚弱,咳嗽和呼吸急促,其中1～2号实验猴显得极度衰弱和呼吸困难,于第29 d,31 d死亡.5～8号实验猴呈亚临床症状,接种后30 d亦即连续肌注醋酸可的松的第22 d,出现类似于1～4号实验猴的临床症状,其中5号实验猴于23 d死亡.对照猴无任何临床变化.结论用醋酸可的松处理的1～4号实验猴,接种卡氏肺孢子虫包囊后,出现典型的卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎,有显著的致病性.虽然5～8号实验猴接种大剂量卡氏肺孢子虫包囊,只呈现亚临床症状,接受醋酸可的松处理后,出现类似于1～4号实验猴的症状,说明隐性感染卡氏肺孢子虫的实验猴经免疫抑制剂处理后可激活病原体,导致严重发病. 相似文献
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Nydam DV Wade SE Schaaf SL Mohammed HO 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(10):1612-1615
OBJECTIVE: To determine the total number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia spp cysts shed by dairy calves during the period when they are most at risk after natural infection. ANIMALS: 478 calves naturally infected with C. parvum and 1,016 calves naturally infected with Giardia spp. PROCEDURE: Oocysts or cysts were enumerated from fecal specimens. Distribution of number of oocysts or cysts versus age was used to determine the best fitting mathematic function. Number of oocysts or cysts per gram of feces for a given duration of shedding was computed by determining the area under the curve. Total number of oocysts or cysts was calculated by taking the product of the resultant and the expected mass of feces. Results: Intensity of Cparvum oocyst shedding was best described by a second-order polynomial function. Shedding increased from 4 days of age, peaked at day 12, and then decreased. An infected 6-day-old calf would produce 3.89 x 10(10) oocysts until 12 days old. Pattern of shedding of Giardia spp cysts was best described by exponential functions. Intensity of shedding increased from 4 days of age, peaked at day 14, and then decreased. An infected calf would produce 3.8 x 10(7) cysts from day 50 until day 56. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The large number of oocysts and cysts shed indicates that shedding by dairy cattle poses a risk for susceptible calves and people. Estimates reported here may be useful to aid in designing cost-effective strategies to manage this risk. 相似文献
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Payne PA Ridley RK Dryden MW Bathgate C Milliken GA Stewart PW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(3):330-333
OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of treatment with a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product, with or without vaccination with a commercial Giardia vaccine, in dogs with naturally occurring giardiasis. DESIGN: Prospective trial. ANIMALS: 16 Beagles naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. PROCEDURES: During phase 1, 6 dogs were treated with the parasiticide for 3 days (4 were also vaccinated). Four weeks later, all 6 dogs were treated with the parasiticide again for 5 days and were bathed and moved to clean cages after the last treatment (phase 2). Nine dogs were treated with the parasiticide for 3 (n = 4) or 5 (5) days and bathed and moved to clean cages after the last treatment (phase 3). Fecal samples were collected twice weekly for 24 days after treatment and tested for cysts with a quantitative zinc sulfate flotation technique and for Giardia antigen with an immunoassay. RESULTS: Dogs in phase 1 were all shedding cysts again by day 24. In phase 2, only 1 dog shed cysts after treatment, and shedding was transient (day 17). In phase 3, neither cysts nor antigen was detected in fecal samples from 2 of 4 dogs treated for 3 days and 4 of 5 dogs treated for 5 days. In 18 of 57 (31.6%) fecal samples, cysts were seen, but results of the immunoassay were negative. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that when a combination febantel-praziquantel-pyrantel product is used to treat dogs with giardiasis, bathing and changing the environment after treatment may be more important in preventing recurrence than duration of treatment. 相似文献
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Giardiasis in a cattery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C E Kirkpatrick J P Laczak 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,187(2):161-162
Giardia sp infection was believed responsible for chronic, intermittent diarrhea in a group of 14 Persian cats. Seven of the cats were shedding Giardia sp cysts, and 6 of these cats had diarrhea at the time of fecal examination. Conversely, only 1 of 6 clinically normal cats in the group was shedding Giardia sp cysts. Cysts were not detected in feces of 2 cats with diarrhea. Cats less than or equal to 3 years old were more likely to be found shedding cysts. The parasite apparently was eradicated from the cattery by a combination of cage disinfection (1% sodium hypochlorite solution) and oral furazolidone treatment (4 mg/kg of body weight, BID for 5 consecutive days). During treatment, clinical signs resolved, and all cats remained clinically normal 2 months after treatment. 相似文献
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B Abbitt R L Huey A K Eugster J Syler 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(1):67-69
Two of 3 adult Greyhounds with clinical signs of giardiasis were treated by the addition of ipronidazole hydrochloride to their water supply (126 mg/L) for 7 days. Within 15 hours, the dogs had improved clinically, and large numbers of degenerating Giardia cysts were passed. After 54 hours, cyst shedding had ceased. The nontreated control dog continued to shed Giardia cysts. During an additional 7 days, the dogs were treated with ipronidazole-medicated water (378 mg/L) and remained clinically normal. 相似文献
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The prevalence and infection pattern of naturally acquired giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in 20 ranch raised beef calves and their dams from birth to weaning was determined. Rectal fecal samples were collected from calves at 3 days of age and weekly thereafter; cows' fecal samples were collected at the time of calving, 1 week later and four times during the summer grazing period. Blood samples were collected from the calves at 3 days of age to determine IgG(1) concentrations. Giardia lamblia cysts were shed by all 20 calves (100%) at some date during the duration of the study. However, only one calf (5%) shed Cryptosporidium parvum on two sample dates during the trial. Giardia cysts were first detected at 3.9+/-1.37 weeks of age with a range of 2-7 weeks of age. The geometric mean number of Giardia cysts in the calf feces increased from none at 1 week of age to a maximum of 2230 cysts/g of feces at 5 weeks of age and then decreased to 2 cysts/g at 25-27 weeks of age. Infection rate of calves shedding Giardia cysts peaked at 85% at 5 weeks of age and then decreased to 21% at 25-27 weeks of age. Giardia cysts, shed by calves peaked 1 week after initial shedding and decreased (P<0.05) for the remainder of the trial with the exception of week 3. There was a lower (P<0.05) percentage of calves shedding Giardia cysts weeks 3-10 and 15-25 compared to when shedding was first detected. All calves had complete or partial transfer of passive immunity as measured by IgG(1) levels. The rate of infection (15%) and the geometric mean number of Giardia cysts in the cows' feces (38.49 cysts/g) numerically increased at 1 week post-calving compared to levels at calving. The rate of infection (40%) numerically increased and the geometric mean number of Cryptosporidium andersoni oocysts in the cow feces (37.48 oocysts/g) increased (P<0.05) at 1 week post-calving and decreased to 0 at 13-16 weeks post-calving. This study is the first to document the cumulative prevalence and infection patterns of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in beef cattle under ranch conditions. 相似文献
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There are several drugs available for the treatment of giardiasis in cats, including metronidazole. The purpose of this study was to determine whether metronidazole benzoate administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg, orally, twice a day for 7 days lessens or eliminates Giardia cyst shedding in cats with chronic infection. Twenty-six, adult, laboratory-reared cats were used in this study. Sixteen cats had been inoculated orally with cysts of a human Giardia sp. isolate and had completed a Giardia vaccine study in one animal holding room. The other ten cats were infected with the same Giardia sp. presumably by contamination from the adjacent room where the Giardia vaccine study cats were located. From each cat, a fecal sample was collected within 1 week of the start of treatment and then every 2 to 4 days for 15 days after treatment was completed. Fecal samples were analyzed for the presence of Giardia cysts using a commercially available direct immunofluorescence test (IFA). Clinical signs of drug toxicity were not detected during the study. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fenbendazole effectively eliminates Giardia organisms from chronically infected cats that have a concurrent Cryptosporidium parvum infection. ANIMALS: 16 clinically normal cats. PROCEDURE: Eight cats with chronic concurrent Giardia and C parvum infections received fenbendazole (50 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) for 5 days (treatment-group cats). Feces from each cat were collected and processed 3 days weekly for 23 days after treatment. By use of an immunofluorescent assay for detection of Giardia lamblia cysts and C parvum oocysts, organism numbers were counted and scored. Fecal results from treatment-group cats were compared with those of 8 untreated cats with Giardia infection but no C parvum infection (control-group cats). RESULTS: Four of 8 treatment-group cats had consistently negative results for Giardia infection after treatment. These 4 cats had consistently positive results for C parvum oocysts prior to treatment and consistently negative results after treatment. One treatment-group cat had positive results for cysts on all fecal samples, and 3 treatment-group cats had 1 to 3 negative results and then resumed shedding large numbers of cysts; each of these cats had consistently positive results for C parvum oocysts. When compared with control-group cats, treatment-group cats shed less Giardia cysts during week 1 after treatment but not during week 2. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of fenbendazole decreases Giardia cyst shedding to less than detectable numbers in some cats. In our study, persistent C parvum infection may have been associated with failure of fenbendazole to eliminate Giardia infection. 相似文献