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采用4种不同动、植物性蛋白质及其含量的饲料分别喂养4组倒刺鲃鱼苗30d。试验结果：植物性蛋白质含量较高的饲料比含量较低的饲料更好促进鱼苗的生长；饲料中含有一定比例动物性蛋白质比不含动物性蛋白质会更好促进鱼苗的生长，并对有关问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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苏联西部渔业试验站经过多年研究发现，在含蛋白质30-32%，能量为每公斤3600大卡的半精制饲料中，再添加4-12%的脂肪（动物性或植物性油脂均可，以脂肪酸甘三酯为最好）喂养鱼苗时，鱼苗的生长速度比对照组的显著加快，同时死亡率也降低5-8%。 相似文献
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<正> 1 给鱼播放音乐加快生长 日本渔业专家通过试验证实,给鱼播放音乐能增加鱼产量。将大功率扬声器安装在鱼池旁,每次投喂饲料时,即将扬声器打开,播放各种音乐,众多的鱼就会闻声赶来,聚在一起“会餐”。采用这种方法,不仅可提高饲料利用率,还能加快鱼的生长,提高鱼产量。2 脂肪饲料促进鱼苗生长 英国西部渔业实验站经过多年研究和实践证实,在内含蛋白质30～32％,能量为1.4×10~6J/kg的半精制饲料中再添加4～8％的脂肪(动物性或植物性油脂均可,以脂肪酸甘油三酯为最好)喂养鱼苗时,鱼苗的生长速度比对照组快30％,同时死亡率 相似文献
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能量和蛋白质是肉牛生长发育所必须的两大营养要素,传统的肉牛饲养中普遍只注意能量的供给,而忽视了蛋白质的补充,解决肉牛饲料中蛋白质供给不足,并使其有效利用,对肉牛的生长具有重要的意义。肉牛蛋白质饲料可分为植物性蛋白质饲料、动物性蛋白质饲料、非蛋白氮饲料和单细胞蛋 相似文献
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饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长影响的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本报道了饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。试验分别用5种不同蛋白质含量饲料饲养平均体长8厘米、平均体重2克的2龄翘嘴红Bo30天，以观察饲料蛋白质含量对翘嘴红Bo生长的影响。5种试验饲料的蛋白质含量分别为30%、36%、42%、48%、54%。（1-5组）试验结果表明：饲料蛋白质含量在30%-54%的范围内，随着蛋白质含量的增加翘嘴红Bo的生长比速、饲料效率都相应提高。第4组较前3组提高较多，而第3组较第4组变化不明显。蛋白质效率1-4组呈递增趋势，第5组开始下降。因此，我们认为翘嘴红Bo实用配合饲料的蛋白质含量在48%-54%之间较为适宜。 相似文献
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不同饲料对越冬一龄蟹种蜕壳生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2005年3～4月投喂不同种类的饲料对越冬一龄蟹种生长脱壳的影响效果明显不同.室内实验表明：在相同密度、相同养殖条件下,投喂新鲜动物性饲料的成活率高达90%以上,投喂植物性饵料的成活率仅为65%;湖泊网围养殖生产表明：在相同面积、不同密度的强化暂养网围区中,投喂动物性饲料小杂鱼、螺蛳的幼蟹脱壳延迟期仅为4 d,而投喂植物性饲料小麦的幼蟹脱壳延迟期为7 d,其脱壳死亡率明显高于前者. 相似文献
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大菱鲆幼鱼的蛋白质与能量需求 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
饲料中蛋白质的含量对大菱鲆幼鱼的生长起着决定性作用，适宜的能蛋比，既有利于能量的利用，又有利于蛋白质的利用，提高了饲料的利用率。设计4个蛋白质含量梯度和4个能量梯度的16组饲料，试验证明，蛋白质含量大于42％、能蛋比小于115，鱼体日增重率明显增大，饲料系数明显降低，表现出较高的饲料效率，本研究认为大菱鲆幼鱼配合饲料适宜的蛋白质含量为42％～45％、适宜的能蛋比为92．7～102．5。 相似文献
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Effects of dietary protein on growth and body composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Y. S. Al Hafedh 《Aquaculture Research》1999,30(5):385-393
The effects of dietary protein (25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45%) on growth, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition were investigated for four sizes (0.51, 45, 96 and 264 g) of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. In all four experiments, there was a progressive increase in growth with increasing dietary protein. In fry (0.51 g), significantly higher growth, survival and feed conversion were recorded for fish fed 40–45% rather than 25–35% protein diets. Similar trends for growth and FCR were also noted in 45 g fish. For larger (96 and 264 g) tilapia, significant differences in growth and FCR were found only between fish fed 25% and 30–45% protein diets. FCR and PER decreased with increasing weight of fish, and both were found to be negatively correlated with dietary protein level. Whole-body composition of the smallest fish was significantly influenced by dietary protein content. Percentage body protein of the fish fed 40–45% protein was higher than that of fish fed 25–35% protein diets, whereas lipid content decreased with increasing dietary protein level. In 45 g fish, both protein and lipid contents were higher in fish fed 25% and 30% protein diets than in those fed 35–45% protein diets. In larger tilapia, no significant influence of dietary protein level on body protein content was found. Percentage lipid decreased with increasing dietary protein level, and no definite trends in ash content were found. The results of these studies indicate that O. niloticus fry (0.51 g) should be reared on a practical diet containing 40% protein, and larger tilapia (96–264 g) on a diet containing 30% protein. 相似文献
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M.A. OLVERA-NOVOA C.A. MARTÍNEZ-PALACIOS & L. OLIVERA-CASTILLO 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2002,8(4):257-264
A 63 day–1 feeding trial was conducted under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effects of substituting animal protein with a mixture of plant feedstuffs including 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45% of the protein with torula yeast ( Candida utilis ), 20% with soybean meal and 15% with Alfalfa Leaf Protein Concentrate (ALC), in diets for tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus Peters) fry. Feeding efficiency was compared against a diet with fish meal as the sole protein source. Diet nutritional quality was very similar independent of composition, with no differences in growth parameters, but fish fed with 30% yeast diet showed the best growth performance. Diet composition did not affect feed or protein utilization, with the best feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and apparent nitrogen utilization in the 25% yeast diet. Protein digestibility was above 80% for all diets, and no differences in carcass composition were observed. The best incidence cost was obtained with 25% yeast and the highest profit index with 30% yeast, but no statistical differences were observed with the other treatments. The results suggest that it is possible to replace up to 65% of animal protein with a mixture of plant proteins, including 30% from torula yeast, in tilapia fry diets without adverse effects on fish performance and culture profit. 相似文献
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M E Salama 《Aquaculture Research》1996,27(8):581-585
Two experiments were conducted on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in laboratory fibreglass tanks. The first experiment aimed to test the effects of four different sex ratios, which ranged from two to five females to one male, on mass production of fry. The lowest sex ratio (two females to one male) gave significantly the highest production, while the highest sex ratio (five females to one male) gave the lowest. The objective of the second experiment was to compare the effects of different diets which varied with regard to feed components (natural versus artificial). The diet composed of animal-plant protein (the standard artificial diet) in addition to natural food (65% phytoplankton and 35% zooplankton) gave significantly the highest fry production and the highest breeders’growth. Exclusively standard artificial diet gave significantly better fry production and better breeders’growth over the rest of tested diets except the above-mentioned one. The addition of natural food to the artificial diet enhanced fry production as well as the breeders’growth, and the better the quality of the artificial feed, the better the results obtained. 相似文献
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In this study, we investigated the effects of animal–plant protein ratio in extruded and expanded diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen and energy budgets of juvenile soft‐shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Four extruded and expanded feeds (diets 1–4) were formulated with different animal–plant protein ratios (diet 1, 1.50:1; diet 2, 2.95:1; diet 3, 4.92:1; diet 4, 7.29:1). The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter and crude lipid for diet 1 were significantly lower than those for diets 2–4. There was no significant difference in crude protein digestibility among diets 1–4. The ADC of carbohydrate was significantly increased with the increase in animal–plant protein. Although nitrogen intake rate, faecal nitrogen loss rate and excretory nitrogen loss rate of turtles fed diet 1 were significantly higher than those fed diets 2–4, nitrogen retention rate, net protein utilization and biological value of protein in these turtles were significantly lower than those fed diets 2–4. In addition, energy intake rate, excretory energy loss rate and heat production rate of turtles fed diet 1 were also significantly higher than those fed diets 2–4. Faecal energy loss was significantly reduced with the increase in the animal–plant protein ratio. The ADC of energy and assimilation efficiency of energy significantly increased with a higher animal–plant protein ratio. The growth efficiency of energy in the group fed diet 1 was significantly lower than those in the groups fed diets 2–4. Together, our results suggest that the optimum animal–plant protein ratio in extruded and expanded diets is around 3:1. 相似文献
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Ronald W. Hardy Frederic T. Barrows Qing Pan David A. J. Stone 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(1):46-55
The ability of poultry products to replace fish meal in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, depends on their nutrient composition, cost, and consistency. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of three commercially available poultry products (chicken concentrate, CC, poultry by‐product blend, PBB; or chicken and egg concentrate, CE) to maintain growth and disease resistance when substituted for fish meal in a rainbow trout starter diet. A control diet was formulated to contain 48% crude protein and 18% crude lipid; 100% of the fish meal in test diets was replaced with CC, PBB, or CE. At stocking, fry were counted into groups (50 fish/tank) with six replicate tanks for each diet and fed their respective diets four times daily for 8 wk. All the poultry‐based diets supported growth (over 1600% increase over initial weight), nutrient retention, and feed conversion ratios of rainbow trout fry equal to or greater than those observed for fry fed with the fish meal‐based diet. No effect of diet on survival was observed following subcutaneous injection challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum. These data suggest that the examined products can be used in place of fish meal for rainbow trout fry without lowering growth and disease resistance. 相似文献
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Charles R. Weirich Robert C. Reigh Donald W. Glenn III 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(4):609-617
Abstract.— Two 10-d hatchery growth trials were conducted to determine if differences in growth, body composition, and survival existed among catfish fry Ictalurus punctatus fed a diet of 100% catfish-starter (CS) or CS in combination with decapsulated Artemia cysts (DAC) at 25%, 50 % , or 75% of diet weight. A 120–d production trial was undertaken immediately following the first hatchery trial to evaluate the effects of diet on production characteristics (survival, length, weight, feed conversion ratio, and total yield) of fingerling catfish produced from hatchery-raised fry. Fry fed diets containing DAC weighed 61–98% more ( P < 0.05) than fry fed only CS. The size differential of DAC-fed fry was maintained through 120 d of growth in simulated nursery ponds (0.001-ha earthen-bottom pools). The increased growth of fry fed DAC might have been related to differences in dietary lipid content, amino acid composition, or digestibility of CS and DAC. Body weights of fingerlings produced under simulated production conditions from fry fed hatchery diets containing 50% and 75% DAC were 17% and 25% higher, respectively, 130 d post-hatch, than fingerlings produced from fry fed only CS. In addition, the total yield of fingerlings produced from fry fed 75% DAC was 17% greater that that of fingerlings produced from fry fed only CS. The increased performance of fingerlings produced from DAC-fed fry could have resulted from their larger size at stocking, since larger fry might be capable of capturing natural food organisms and ingesting prepared diets more effectively than smaller fish. CS-DAC diet combinations could be used to increase weight gain of hatchery-raised fry if the cost-benefit ratio of adding DAC to the standard hatchery diet warrants its use. 相似文献
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Menghe H. Li Brian G. Bosworth Edwin H. Robinson 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2000,31(4):592-598
Abstract.— This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein concentration and an all‐plant diet on growth and processing yield of pond‐raised channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four diets were formulated using plant and animal proteins to contain 24%n, 28%, 32%, or 36% crude protein with digestible energy to protein (DE/P) ratios of 11.7, 10.2, 9.0, and 8.1 kcal/g, respectively. An all‐plant diet containing 28% protein with a DE/P ratio of 10.2 kcal/g was also included. Channel catfish fingerlings averaging 40 g/fish were stocked into 24, 0.04‐ha ponds at a density of 18,530 fish/ha. Five ponds were used for each dietary treatment except for the all‐plant diet which had four replicates. The fish were fed once daily to apparent satiation for 160 d. No differences were observed in feed consumption, weight gain, survival, carcass and nugget yield, or fillet moisture and protein concentrations among treatments. Fish fed the 28% protein diet had a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than fish fed diets containing 24% and 32% protein, but had a FCR similar to fish fed the 36% protein diet. Fillet yield was higher for fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed the 24% protein diet. Visceral fat was lower in fish fed the 36% protein diet than fish fed other diets. Fish fed the 32% and 36% protein diets exhibited a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 24% protein diet. The 36% protein diet resulted in a lower level of fillet fat than fish fed the 28% protein diet. There was a positive linear regression in fillet yield and fillet moisture concentration and a negative linear regression in visceral fat and fillet fat against dietary protein concentration. No differences in any variables were noted between the 28% protein diets with and without animal protein except that fish fed the 28% protein diet without animal protein had a higher FCR than fish fed the 28% protein diet with animal protein. This observation did not appear to be diet related since FCR of fish fed the 32% protein diet containing animal protein was not different from that of fish fed the 28% all‐plant protein diet. Data from the present study indicate that dietary protein concentrations ranging from 24% to 36% provided for similar feed consumption, growth, feed efficiency, and carcass yield. However, since there is a general increase in fattiness and a decrease in fillet yield as the dietary protein concentration decreases or DEP ratio increases, it is suggested that a minimum of 28% dietary protein with a maximum DEIP ratio of 10 kcal/g protein is optimal for channel catfish growout. 相似文献
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Animal by-product meals (ABM) were substituted for fish meal in five experimental diets for Nile tilapia fry, Oreochromis niloticus (L), with 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% substitution. Two diets with 100% ABM were tested, one with 50:50 animal lipid:soybean oil, and the other with 100% fish oil as attractant. In general, the best growth and feeding performance was obtained with a control diet based on fish meal as the sole protein, but the results were not statistically different from those obtained with 75% and 100% ABM with soybean oil. A simple cost analysis suggested better economic efficiency when tilapia were fed with 100% ABM. It was concluded that animal by-product meal can be used as a sole protein source in commercial diets for Nile tilapia fry, without affecting growth and food utilization of the fish, improving the economics of feeding in comparison with fish meal. 相似文献
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Aspects of mineral composition and growth rate of the hybrid African catfish fry fed inorganic phosphorus-supplemented diets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hybrid African catfish fry were acclimated for 14 days. A 70‐day feeding experiment involving sixteen 38% crude protein diet treatments of four inorganic phosphorus (P) sources (monosodium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate (MCP), dicalcium phosphate (DCP)), four levels of P (0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 1.2%) and three replicates of each diet followed. A non‐P‐supplemented diet and a purified diet (controls) were additionally fed. Gross efficiency of food conversion (GEFC), daily rate of growth (DRG), tissue ash, tissue phosphorus (TP), tissue calcium (Ca) and Ca:P ratio of the fish were measured weekly. These parameters varied significantly (P<0.01) among the (a) 18 test diets, (b) inorganic P sources and (c) duration. Monocalcium phosphate‐supplemented diets resulted in better response to GEFC, DRG, TP and Ca than other P‐supplemented diet while the Ca:P ratio was best exhibited by fish fed the DCP diet. The fish fed the control diets had better GEFC, DRG, TP and Ca than the P‐supplemented diets probably because of nearer to optimum available P in these diets. In conclusion, supplementation with 0.6% MCP produced comparatively better growth, feed conversion and mineral deposition in the fry than other inorganic P sources. 相似文献
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Three approximately isoenergetic (17 kJ g?1) diets were formulated with dietary protein levels of 270, 360 and 480 g kg?1 (DM basis) providing protein-to-energy ratios of 15.69, 20.48 and 27.16 mg crude protein (CP) kJ?1, respectively. The effects of these diets on several growth and nutritional parameters were evaluated for the fry (2.50 ± 0.184 g) and fingerlings (11.53 ± 0.023 g) of Siganus canaliculatus (Park). Maximum growth and best feed utilization efficiency of fry were obtained using the diet containing 480 g kg?1 protein and P:E ratio of 27.16 mg CP kJ?1. For fingerlings the best results were obtained with the diet containing 360 g kg?1 protein and P:E ratio of 20.48 mg CP kJ. Body composition of the fry was not affected by the feeding regime whilst the effect was evident in the fingerling groups. The carcass protein content of the fingerling was observed to increase with increasing P:E ratios while lipid content decreased as P:E increased. 相似文献