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1.
基于滑移网格研究双流道泵内非定常流动特性 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
为研究双流道泵内由叶轮/蜗壳相互作用引起的非定常流动特性,基于滑移网格和RNG湍流模型计算双流道泵内的非定常流动。计算结果表明：在一个周期内,随叶轮流道相对于隔舌位置不同,其内相对速度、静压及总压分布呈周期性变化;当叶轮流道靠近蜗壳出口侧时,相对速度、静压及总压分布规律性较强;喉部为蜗壳内循环流体与叶轮排出流体的混合区域,流动最为复杂;蜗壳内各监测点的静压呈周期性变化,远离蜗壳出口的监测点的静压脉动明显大于靠近蜗壳出口的监测点的静压脉动,且越靠近喉部的监测点的静压变化越大,非定常流动特性越强烈;与定常计算相比,非定常计算所得有效扬程更符合实际情况,大于实测扬程且相对偏差仅为10%。 相似文献
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叶轮外径是双流道污水泵的一个重要结构参数。基于Mixture多相流模型对双流道泵进行了非定常数值计算,研究了设计工况下不同叶轮外径(101、103和105 mm)对泵内压力脉动的影响,并进行了试验验证。结果表明不同叶轮外径时加入适量颗粒后蜗壳周向各点压力脉动基本均在减小且最大减幅达30.9%,各点平均压力脉动减小量随外径增大而减少。加入适量颗粒后随叶轮外径的增大隔舌附近各点压力脉动随时间的周期性越来越不明显,各点压力脉动主频基本都是叶频;随外径变大压力脉动最大幅值相比清水的减小量先增大后减小,各点平均幅值最大减小了22.7%。加入颗粒后叶轮外径增大到105 mm时动静干涉增强各点瞬时静压均剧烈波动,输送固液两相流时选择合适的叶轮外径能减小泵内压力脉动。 相似文献
3.
颗粒参数对螺旋离心泵流场及过流部件磨损特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了研究颗粒参数与螺旋离心泵过流部件表面磨损特性的影响,该文结合数值计算与试验方法,分别引入Mclaury和OKA 2种磨损预测模型对螺旋离心泵内固液两相流场进行求解,并将2种模型中所包含的关联因子函数进行了推导和分析,建立了颗粒参数与过流部件表面磨损的内在关联。结果表明:所采用的数值计算模型准确性较好,相对误差在可接受范围内;叶片工作面的磨损主要集中在叶片头部和螺旋段轮缘附近,叶片背面磨损主要发生在叶轮离心段,蜗壳内壁主要磨损区域为隔舌和靠近出口断面附近;颗粒粒径在0.05~0.16 mm范围内,粒径的增加促进磨损,而当粒径大于0.16 mm后,磨损增长放缓;颗粒体积分数在3%~6%范围内,颗粒体积分数的增加会加剧磨损,而从6%增加到7%时,隔舌处磨损持续增加,在周向角度为101°~326°的截面范围内,颗粒体积分数的增加会抑制蜗壳内壁磨损;颗粒速度与磨损呈正相关,且对磨损的影响较大,不同速度下蜗壳内壁各部位的磨损率变化趋势相近。在此基础上,给出了固液两相流泵水力设计和结构设计的优化方向,该文为提高两相流泵抗磨损性能提供了参考。 相似文献
4.
结构化流道环境下不同颗粒浓度的磨粒群分布及其动力学特性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
结构化表面流道内,由于流体相的驱动作用,磨粒与磨粒之间、磨粒与壁面之间产生相互碰撞,从而壁面不断受到冲击力和摩擦力而发生磨损。该文基于液-固两相流体耦合理论,利用欧拉-欧拉多相流模型中的mixture模型和Realizablek-ε湍流模型对V型纹理半环形截面流道内液-固两相流在不同颗粒浓度下运行时的壁面湍流效应进行了数值模拟,计算了流场中湍流速度及湍动性能等参数。模拟结果表明:V型纹理的流道有利于涡流的产生,因此可以通过配置V型纹理的约束模块来提高湍流的紊乱程度;随着颗粒浓度的增大,在一定范围内磨粒流的速度逐渐增大,磨粒流的湍动能逐渐减小,磨粒体积分数的波动振幅越来越小;颗粒浓度的选择应适当,不同的颗粒浓度可以产生不同的磨粒流综合性能和颗粒分布效果。 相似文献
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离心泵气液固多相流动数值模拟与试验 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为研究离心泵输送含有气固液多相时内部的流动情况,采用Pro/E三维造型软件进行几何造型,基于ANSYSCFX软件应用雷诺时均方程、双方程湍流模型,并结合SIMPLEC算法对其内部三维气固液多相流各相流动规律进行数值计算,将计算结果与试验结果进行对比结果表明:受气相所产生旋涡的影响,固相体积分数在径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4时达到最大值后直线急剧下降,下降至一定值后开始波动变化,而气相体积分数在径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4时较小,从径向量纲位置r/R2为0.4以后急剧增大。气、固两相互相影响对方颗粒的分布。气相主要集中在叶片工作面的中间位置,气相的存在使叶轮流道内产生旋涡,影响叶轮流道内的能量交换与传递;固相在没有旋涡的流道内是紧靠叶片表面运动的,在有旋涡流道内主要是随着旋涡旋转方向进行流动,固相所占比值的增加对流动轨迹的影响并不明显。对气液固多相流的深入研究和应用提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
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后掠式叶片轴流泵固液两相流数值模拟与优化 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
针对轴流叶轮在污水固液两相流介质中的磨损问题,该文设计了不同后掠式叶轮结构方案进行优化设计,分别对后掠角度为40°、65°、90°的后掠叶片和原型叶片进行固液两相流数值模拟和试验对比,并分析了不同后掠方案叶轮内固体颗粒的分布特性。数值模拟结果表明,随着后掠角度的增加,叶片压力面固相体积分数会逐渐减少,而叶片吸力面上固相体积分数会先增加后减小,叶轮内固相的径向流动越明显并且叶片后掠角度越大,固相就越难与叶片压力面接触,而越易与叶片吸力面接触;颗粒直径越大,后掠叶片压力面上固相体积分数越大,而叶片吸力面进口边靠近轮毂处的固相体积分数增加;颗粒浓度越大,后掠叶片压力面上固相体积分数减少,叶片吸力面上固相体积分数增加。当优化后的后掠叶片角为90°时,该叶片结构优化了固体颗粒的分布,可大幅降低叶片轮缘处的磨损,提高了轴流叶轮在污水介质中的使用寿命和运行可靠性。 相似文献
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泵内大颗粒固液两相流流动试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究泵内大粒径球形颗粒运动规律,该研究以一台单级单吸悬臂式离心泵作为研究对象,采用高速摄影试验测试的方法对大粒径球形颗粒在固液两相流泵内的运动轨迹、通过性能以及颗粒与隔舌的碰撞规律进行了研究。测试结果表明:不同粒径的球形颗粒在泵内的轨迹变化规律相似,在叶轮进口处均有向叶片背面运动的趋势,而在运动过程中又逐渐脱离叶片背面,向下一叶片工作面靠近;泵内不同粒径颗粒运动趋势基本相同,但相对运动轨迹长度有所改变;粒径为8 mm和10 mm时颗粒平均过泵时间相对于粒径为6 mm时分别下降了15.15%和11.03%。颗粒体积分数对泵内对颗粒运动轨迹的影响较小,不同体积分数下泵内颗粒的运动轨迹基本重合;体积分数为3%和5%时颗粒平均过泵时间相比体积分数1%时分别上升了4.38%和3.21%。颗粒体积分数为1%、3%和5%时,颗粒与隔舌的碰撞的概率分别为0.5%,0.69%和0.9%;颗粒粒径为6 mm,8 mm和10 mm时颗粒与隔舌发生碰撞的概率分别为0.69%,0.63%和0.55%。研究结果可为运输大颗粒两相流泵的结构设计和防磨损研究提供参考。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献