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为预防强毒小种Ug99(TTKSK)及其突变菌株入侵我国引起小麦秆锈病流行、挖掘抗性资源和选育持久性抗病新品种,选用我国小麦秆锈菌主要小种21C3CTH、21C3CFH和34MKG对国外抗Ug99的78个小麦品种(系)和国内142个小麦品种进行田间成株期抗性鉴定,并利用SSR分子标记检测抗Ug99基因Sr22和Sr25在国内小麦品种中的分布。结果表明,国外品种(系)对供试单一小种的抗性频率分别为73.08%、84.62%和97.44%,表现全抗的为71.79%。国内品种对供试单一小种的抗性频率分别为57.04%、62.68%和66.2%,表现全抗的为50.7%,分子标记检测未检出抗病基因Sr22和Sr25。 相似文献
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为了明确黑龙江省小麦品种(系)对中国秆锈菌的抗性水平和了解抗秆锈病基因在该区域的分布情况,本研究选用中国小麦秆锈菌流行小种21C3CTHQM、34MKGQM和34C3RTGQM对从该区域征集到的83份主要小麦品种(系)进行了苗期抗秆锈病的评价,并利用与抗秆锈病基因Sr2、Sr24、Sr25、Sr26、Sr31和Sr38紧密连锁的分子标记分别进行了分子检测,结合苗期表型及系谱,推测这些品种(系)可能含有的抗病基因。结果表明,83份小麦品种(系)对供试秆锈菌小种均表现抗性,对21C3CTHQM、34MKGQM和34C3RTGQM表现免疫或近免疫的分别为57、53和60份,各占供试材料数量的68.68%、63.85%和72.29%,其他剩余材料对3个供试秆锈菌小种表现中抗或高抗。分子标记分析表明,83份主要小麦品种(系)中有12份可能含有Sr2;克旱3号可能含有Sr25;6份小麦品种可能含有Sr31;19份小麦品种可能含有Sr38;没有检测出含有Sr24和Sr26的品种。因此,黑龙江省小麦品种对中国小麦秆锈病抗性水平相对较高,含有抗秆锈病基因Sr2以及对我国小麦秆锈病表现良好抗性的基因Sr31和Sr38,可能含有其他未知抗秆锈病基因,这些优良抗源材料可作为未来小麦生产育种的种质资源。 相似文献
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我国小麦秆锈菌的毒性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用40个近等基因系(near-isogenic line)对我国小麦秆锈菌的毒性进行了测定。按照美国禾谷类锈病室(Cereal Rust Laboratory)规定的密码(Code)命名的系统,小种HKR是最普通的毒力组合;占全部70个标样、127份菌株的33.1%。第二个优势小种是RKR,占全部菌株的24.4%。没有发现对Sr9e,11、38,Gt和Tmp有毒力的菌株。对Sr13,22,24,26,29,30,37的毒力频率较低、均在10%以下。毒力频率值在90%以上者(接近90%)的有Sr6,7a、7b、8a、9a、9d、9f、9g、10、12、14、15、16、18、20、28、34、36、dp-2和H。我国小麦秆锈菌无论是毒力组合或毒力频率都与北美的有很大区别。 相似文献
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用40个近等基因系(near-isogenic line)对我国小麦秆锈菌的毒性进行了测定。按照美国禾谷类锈病室(Cereal Rust Laboratory)规定的密码(Code)命名的系统,小种HKR是最普通的毒力组合;占全部70个标样、127份菌株的33.1%。第二个优势小种是RKR,占全部菌株的24.4%。没有发现对Sr9e,11、38,Gt和Tmp有毒力的菌株。对Sr13,22,24,26,29,30,37的毒力频率较低、均在10%以下。毒力频率值在90%以上者(接近90%)的有Sr6,7a、7b、8a、9a、9d、9f、9g、10、12、14、15、16、18、20、28、34、36、dp-2和H。我国小麦秆锈菌无论是毒力组合或毒力频率都与北美的有很大区别。 相似文献
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我国25个小麦品种抗秆、叶锈基因初步分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用基因推导法分析了我国25个重要小麦生产品种和抗源材料抗秆、叶锈菌的基因型。在供试的19个抗秆锈基因中,推导出了Sr5,Sr6、Sr7b、Sr8a、Sr9b、Sr31等6个基因,分布在20个小麦品种中;在14个抗叶锈基因中,推导出了Lr1、Lr2C、Lr10、Lr18、Lr26等5个基因,分布在11个小麦品种中。Sr5、Sr31、Lr2c和Lr26是供试品种的主要抗锈基因。 相似文献
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江苏省重要小麦品种抗叶锈病和秆锈病基因初步分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
作者分别选用15个具不同毒性基因组合的叶锈菌系和10个具不同毒性基因组合的秆锈菌系推导分析了江苏省26个重要小麦品种(系)所携带的抗叶锈病和抗秆锈病基因。在供试的39个已知抗叶锈病基因(或基因组合)和44个已知抗秆锈病基因中,推导出了Lr1、Lr10、Lr13、Lr16、Lr26、Lt13 3Ka等6个抗叶锈病基因(或基因组合)和Sr5、Sr6、Sr7b、Sr8a、Sr9e、Sr10、Sr13、Sr14、Sr15、Sr17、Sr20、Sr23、Sr27、Sr28、Sr29、Sr31、SrTmp等17个抗秆锈病基因,以单基因或基因组合的形式分别分布在20和24个小麦品种(系)中,其中Lr16、Lr26和Sr5、Sr23、Sr31是供试材料的主要已知抗叶、秆锈病基因。初步发现一些品种(系)携带有Lr13和Sr31等已知持久抗锈基因(或基因组合)及不同于本研究所用的已知基因的未知基因。 相似文献
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陇南是中国小麦条锈菌易变区、小麦条锈病的常发流行区和防治的关键地区。明确陇南小麦条锈菌转主寄主小檗在小麦条锈病发生中的作用,对阐释该地区小麦条锈菌新小种产生的来源和指导小麦条锈病的综合防控具有重要意义。本研究从陇南春季自然受锈菌侵染的堆花小檗及其邻近的小麦上分离获得小麦条锈菌菌系,19个来自发病小檗的单夏孢子堆菌系在中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主上产生5个不同毒力类型VP1~VP5,均为新小种;在近等基因系和载体品种组成的鉴别寄主上产生17个不同毒力类型。29个来自邻近发病小檗的小麦上条锈菌菌系在中国小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主上产生了10个不同的毒力类型VP1~VP10,均为新小种;在近等基因系和载体品种组成的鉴别寄主上产生了24个不同的毒力类型。两个小麦条锈菌群体享有共同的毒力类型VP1~VP5,同时来自发病小檗上菌系的一些毒力类型不同于小麦上的毒力类型。主坐标分析(PCoA)和毒性表型聚类分析表明来自于自然受锈菌侵染小檗及其邻近小麦上的小麦条锈菌存在菌源交流。综合研究表明在自然条件下,陇南小麦条锈菌在野生感病小檗上进行有性生殖是常年发生的,感病小檗在新小种产生和在陇南小麦条锈病的发生中起提供菌源的作用。因此,在陇南小麦条锈病的综合治理策略上加强对小檗的处理,降低新小种产生速率和品种抗性丧失速率,从而延长品种使用年限,同时减少新小种向东部广大麦区传播,保障小麦生产安全。 相似文献
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小麦抗源武汉2号和品冬34的抗条锈性遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34对小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗病性及抗病遗传规律,用小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型Su11-4、Su11-5、Su11-11、PST-Ch42在苗期接种小麦品种武汉2号和品冬34进行抗病性鉴定,并用武汉2号和品冬34分别与感病亲本铭贤169进行杂交,对F2群体和F2：3家系在温室进行苗期遗传分析。结果表明：武汉2号对CYR29和CYR32表现感病,对其它小种和致病型均表现抗病,且对CYR31的抗性由1对隐性基因控制;品冬34对所测试的小种和致病类型均表现高抗,且对CYR32的抗性由1对显性基因控制。 相似文献
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小麦秆锈菌不同小种间相对生存能力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将我国小麦秆锈菌优势小种21C3分别与历年来出现频率很低的34C1或116小种的夏孢子等量混合,在不同温度条件下,转接于八个来自次要越冬区长江中下游感病的生产品种上。经几个夏孢子世代的继代转接结果表明:21C3小种的毒力虽弱但与34C2或116种相比,其相对生存能力强;而34C2和116小种的毒力虽强,但相对生存能力却弱。小种间毒力强弱与其生存能力强弱呈负相关的现象,可能是我国小麦秆锈菌21C3小种在相当长的时期处于优势的原因之一。在一定高温条件下,虽能影响小种频率上升或下降的速度,但未能左右其总的趋势。试验应用的继代品种对不同小种的感病性没有显著差别。 相似文献
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Wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in the Arsi, Bale, Shewa and northwest regions of Ethiopia to determine virulence diversity and race distribution in Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici populations. Stem rust incidence was high in Arsi, Bale and east Shewa. In northwest Ethiopia, and north and west Shewa, stem rust was prevalent at low levels. A total of 152 isolates was analysed and 22 races were identified. Races TTKSR (Ug99), TTHSR and RRTTR were predominant, with frequencies of 26·6, 17·7 and 11·1%, respectively. These races were also detected in all regions. The highly virulent race designated Ug99 was present throughout the country and dominated in all regions except northwest Ethiopia. A variant of Ug99 virulent against the stem rust resistance gene Sr24 was not detected in this study. Four stem rust resistance genes ( Sr13, Sr30, Sr36 and SrTm p) were found to confer resistance to most of the races prevalent in Ethiopia. With the exception of Sr30 , which is not effective against Ug99, these genes could be used in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Pablo D. Olivera Dolors Villegas Carlos Cantero-Martínez Les J. Szabo Matthew N. Rouse Douglas G. Luster Radhika Bartaula Marta S. Lopes Yue Jin 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):873-889
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a re-emerging disease, posing a threat to wheat production. In Spain, stem rust has been rarely detected since the 1970s, but infection was observed in wheat fields in 2018. We analysed six stem rust samples collected in Rota, Cádiz province and one from Monteagudo del Castillo, Teruel province. All the samples from Rota were typed as race TKTTF, whereas the sample from Monteagudo del Castillo, collected in a wheat field adjacent to barberry bushes, was typed as race TKHBK. This race has a unique and significant virulence combination that includes virulence to Sr31, Sr33, Sr53 and Sr59, and is avirulent to Rusty, a durum line developed for universal susceptibility to the wheat stem rust pathogen. TKHBK is the first race outside the Ug99 race group with virulence to Sr31 and the first known race with virulence to Sr59. Genotyping studies indicate that race TKHBK does not belong to the Ug99 or TKTTF race groups and constitutes a previously unknown lineage. Two hundred bread and durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Spain were evaluated against TKHBK, TKTTF, and six additional races. Resistance was observed to all the races evaluated. Molecular markers confirmed the presence of Sr7a, Sr24, Sr31, Sr38 and Sr57 in bread wheat, and Sr13 in durum wheat. The re-emergence of wheat stem rust in Spain and the occurrence of unique virulences underscore the need to continue surveying and monitoring this disease. 相似文献
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Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici isolates derived from an unusual wheat stem rust outbreak in Germany in 2013 
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下载免费PDF全文 P. D. Olivera Firpo M. Newcomb K. Flath N. Sommerfeldt‐Impe L. J. Szabo M. Carter D. G. Luster Y. Jin 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1258-1266
An unusual stem rust infestation occurred in German wheat fields in summer 2013. This study analysed 48 isolates derived from 17 Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples and six races were identified: TKTTF, TKKTF, TKPTF, TKKTP, PKPTF and MMMTF. Infection type and genotypic data confirmed that none of these races belonged to the TTKS (Ug99) race group. German isolates of race TKTTF are phenotypically different to the ones responsible for the stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia in 2013–2014. Forty isolates were genotyped using a custom SNP array. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 40 isolates represented two distinct lineages (clade IV and clade V). Thirty‐eight isolates clustered into clade IV, which previously was defined by Ethiopian isolates of race TKTTF. Race TKKTP is of special concern due to its combined virulence to stem rust resistance genes Sr24, SrTmp and Sr1RSAmigo. The vulnerability to race TKKTP in US and international winter wheat was confirmed as 55% of North American and international cultivars and breeding lines resistant to race TTKSK (Ug99) became susceptible to TKKTP. Races identified in Germany in 2013 confirmed the presence of virulence to important resistance genes that are effective against race TTKSK. This information should be useful for breeders to select diverse and effective resistance genes in order to provide more durable stem rust resistance and reduce the use of fungicides. 相似文献
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Race TTKSK (or Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici possesses virulence to several stem rust resistance genes commonly present in wheat cultivars grown worldwide. New variants detected in the race TTKSK lineage further broadened the virulence spectrum. The identification of sources of genetic resistance to race TTKSK and its relatives is necessary to enable the development and deployment of resistant varieties. Accessions of Triticum monococcum, an A-genome diploid wild and cultivated wheat, have previously been characterized as resistant to stem rust. Three resistance genes were identified and introgressed into hexaploid wheat: Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control and allelic relationships of resistance to race TTKSK in T. monococcum accessions identified through evaluations at the seedling stage. Generation F(2) progeny of 8 crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions and 13 crosses between resistant accessions of T. monococcum were evaluated with race TTKSK and often with North American races, including races QFCSC, TTTTF, and MCCFC. For a selected population segregating for three genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK, F(2:3) progeny were evaluated with races TTKSK, QFCSC, and TTTTF. In that population, we detected two genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK that are different from Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. One of the new genes was effective to all races tested. The identification of these genes will facilitate the development of varieties with new resistance to race TTKSK. 相似文献
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1990年在我国17个省、市、自治区的42个县采集到小麦秆锈病(Puccinia graminis f.sp.tritici)标样129份,从中分离鉴定了183个菌株。小种命名中同时采用了原半开放式鉴别寄主系统和美国明尼苏达大学禾谷类锈病室代码(Pgt-code)系统构成的复合命名法,共鉴定出21C3和34C2两个小种类群,21C3-CHK,21C3-CFH,21C3-CKK,34C2-MFK,34C2-MKK 和34C2-MKR 等6个小种,其出现频率依次为61.20%、12.6%、7.7%、1.1%、1.1%和0.5%。21C3-CKH 为当前流行小种,21C3小种群的出现频率为97.3%,34C2类群为2.7%。在利用89个菌株对41个 Sr 单基因系的毒力频率测定中,没有发现对 Sr 9e、11和38有毒力的菌株,对Sr25,26,31,35,GT 和 Wld-1的毒力频率均在9%以下。 相似文献