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基于不同夏玉米品种在2个年份不同施氮水平下的田间试验,研究夏玉米叶片碳氮比随生育期的变化模式及其与冠层反射光谱的定量关系,建立玉米叶片碳氮比的定量监测模型。结果表明,夏玉米叶片碳氮比随施氮量的增加而降低,随生育进程呈"高-低-高"动态变化趋势。利用冠层反射光谱监测叶片碳氮比的适宜时期为孕穗期至吐丝期。13个光谱参数与2个品种叶片碳氮比有较好的相关性。通过比较模型的拟合决定系数(R2)和预测标准误(SE),确定转换型植被指数(TVI)与叶片碳氮比的线性回归方程为最佳监测模型。经不同年际独立试验数据的检验,叶片碳氮比监测模型的预测精确,相关系数(r)为0.682 4,根均方差(RMSE)为0.405 2,表明夏玉米冠层反射光谱可用来定量估测叶片碳氮比的变化状况。 相似文献
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利用大型活动式防雨旱棚,人工控制土壤不同的含水量,对夏玉米生育期间叶片ABA含量,硝酸还原酶的含量以及夏玉米生物性状与土壤水分含量的关系进行研究.结果表明,土壤水分胁迫,导致叶片ABA含量增高,硝酸还原酶的含量降低,不同土壤含水量处理,ABA含量和硝酸还原酶的变化趋势基本一致,高产夏玉米生育期间植株叶片ABA含量维持在120～250μg/@FW,硝酸还原酶含量在5～40 μg/g@FW@h,土壤相对含水量80%左右为宜。 相似文献
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2015年初次发现二点委夜蛾在冀东地区危害玉米,虫量较少,危害较轻。2017年在冀东地区暴发,严重影响夏玉米生产。2017年7月对冀东地区10个县(区)贴茬播种、播前旋耕、焚烧秸秆和前茬花生4种夏玉米种植模式的二点委夜蛾发生情况进行系统调查。结果表明,二点委夜蛾在冀东地区分布主要集中在唐山高新区、开平区等6县(区)的贴茬播种夏玉米区域,其他种植模式未见被害。唐山高新区高各庄镇、丰润区白官屯镇、玉田县亮甲店镇、鸦鸿桥镇、丰南区钱营镇和小集镇虫口密度较高,分别达14.16、11.23、8.80、5.56、12.97和6.05头/m~2,唐山高新区高各庄镇最高虫口密度达43头/m~2。 相似文献
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基于冠层反射光谱的夏玉米叶片色素含量估算模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过分析不同施氮水平下夏玉米叶片色素含量与冠层光谱反射率及其衍生的比值植被指数(RVI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、正交植被指数(MTVI2、MCARI2、SAVI、MSAVI)以及叶绿素吸收比值指数(CARI)之间的关系,建立夏玉米叶片叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)、叶绿素a+b(Chl a+b)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量估算模型。结果表明:NDVI与夏玉米叶片色素含量的相关性最好,RVI、RVI、CARI位居其次。通过逐步回归分析确立的夏玉米叶片Chla、Chlb、Chl a+b及Car含量的估算模型R2分别为0.790 8、0.832 4、0.808 8和0.761 7,说明利用冠层NDVI可以对夏玉米叶片Chla、Chlb、Chl a+b和Car含量进行可靠的监测。 相似文献
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及时、准确和无损的作物氮素水平监测对作物的增产、合理施肥以及减少环境污染等具有重要意义。利用夏玉米2个品种和2个氮肥梯度的完全随机试验数据和高光谱数据,基于随机森林(RF)算法和耦合连续小波变换,构建氮素反演模型。结果表明:连续小波变换可以有效地提取高光谱数据中的弱信息,并且可作为模型的特征参数;构建的氮素估算模型可以较为精准地反演叶片氮素浓度(LND),实测值与估测值的R2和nRMSE分别为0.832、0.112,预测结果可以被接受。本研究构建的夏玉米氮素估算模型初步实现了氮素模型的遥感预测,为大面积的氮素监测提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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一穴多株种植对夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在密度为82 500株/hm2,通过一穴多株种植方式调整株距,设一穴一株(对照,P1)、一穴二株(P2)、一穴三株(P3)3个处理,对比分析不同处理下夏玉米的光合速率、花后叶片特性、子粒灌浆速率和穗部性状,对粒重和产量进行评价,验证在高密种植条件下调整株距能否改善夏玉米子粒灌浆和产量。研究结果表明,通过一穴多株种植方式适当扩大株距可以提高夏玉米的光合速率,改善穗部性状,延缓夏玉米花后叶面积指数和SPAD值下降以及叶片衰老,夏玉米子粒体积、粒重和灌浆速率得到显著改善。与对照P1相比,P2、P3处理的产量分别提高5.8%、4.9%。在高密种植情况下,通过一穴二株来调整株距可以延缓花后叶片衰老,从而保证子粒灌浆足够的光合面积,最终实现粒重的增加和产量的显著提高。 相似文献
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以新玉9号为试验对象，设置覆膜与不覆膜滴灌条件下3个施氮水平(368.88、278.40和187.92 kg/hm2)及1个对照(当地灌溉施肥制度)，共计7个处理，研究新疆地区覆膜/不覆膜滴灌条件夏玉米SPAD值、叶面积指数、干物质累积量、产量及产量构成因素对不同施氮量的响应。结果表明，不同施氮梯度条件下，夏玉米各生长指标总体呈现出随着施氮量的增大先增大后减小的变化趋势。定量分析覆膜与不覆膜滴灌条件玉米各生长指标发现，覆膜滴灌玉米产量比不覆膜滴灌平均提高16.84%～37.32%，覆膜处理的夏玉米各生育期总干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、叶面积指数均值比不覆膜分别提高48.05%、18.14%、41.65%。因此，在南疆地区采用覆膜滴灌方式且施氮量在278.4 kg/hm2左右时可较好满足玉米正常生长且产量较高。 相似文献
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黄淮海超高产夏玉米生长发育特性研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
比较研究超高产田(15 000 kg/hm2)和高产田夏玉米的产量构成、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、干物质积累特性和灌浆速率等指标差异,探索超高产夏玉米生长发育特性。结果表明,超高产田夏玉米较高产田增产15.6%,穗粒数多3.7%,百粒重增加8.9%,超高产主要依赖于百粒重的增加;吐丝后超高产田夏玉米叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值和总干物质积累量均高于高产夏玉米田,吐丝后10～40 d超高产夏玉米田子粒干物质阶段积累速率较高,吐丝50 d后,高产夏玉米田植株衰老,超高产夏玉米子粒仍维持一定的灌浆速率。超高产田夏玉米具有叶面积指数大、干物质积累多、叶绿素含量高和灌浆时期长等生长发育特性,有效增加穗粒数和粒重。 相似文献
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保护性耕作方式下华北平原夏玉米产量效应的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在长期定位条件下,研究不同耕作方式下夏玉米产量性状的变化。经过连续5年的定位试验后,小麦、玉米秸秆全量还田双季免耕的处理(DNT)较玉米秸秆不还田、翻耕种植冬小麦、小麦全量还田免耕种植夏玉米的处理(PNT)以及玉米秸秆粉碎还田旋耕种植冬小麦、小麦全量还田免耕种植夏玉米的处理(RNT)连续两年平均增产19.43%和7.35%。DNT处理增加了穗长、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重,减小了秃尖度;DNT方式种植的玉米吐丝前、吐丝后干物质生产均高于其他两种耕作;DNT种植的玉米群体叶面积指数大喇叭口期开始明显优于PNT和RNT处理,且没有出现下部叶片早衰现象,吐丝后光合势、净同化率值均高于其他两种耕作。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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