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鸭大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检测及药物敏感性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析鸭大肠杆菌的耐药性与超广谱β-内酰胺酶的关系,为临床相关感染的治疗提供理论依据。采用CLSI推荐的初步筛选试验和表型确证试验方法,检测了临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的情况,用微量稀释法测定了环丙沙星等9种抗菌药对其的抗菌活性。临床分离的12株鸭大肠杆菌中,有4株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶,检出率为33%。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的菌株对多种药物耐药,对氟喹诺酮类药物之间产生交叉耐药,对氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、头孢菌素类产生多重耐药性,产酶菌的耐药性明显大于非产酶菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶是鸭大肠杆菌对抗菌药物产生耐药性的主要机制之一。 相似文献
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用试管二倍稀释法检测5株临床分离鸡大肠杆菌对常见药物的耐药性,同时检测其是否产β-内酰胺酶和超广谱β-内酰胺酶。结果表明:5株临床鸡大肠杆菌对12种常见药物均产生不同程度耐药,其中两株山东分离株最严重,但均未发现产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株。 相似文献
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用全自动微生物鉴定系统（VITEK-32）对引起鸡肠毒综合症的病原菌进行了鉴定,并做了β-内酰胺酶（BLA）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）、AmpC酶的检测和药敏试验,测定了药物的最小抑菌浓度（MICs）。经过鉴定分离的6株致病菌中3株为大肠杆菌,另外3株分别为阴沟肠杆菌、假单胞菌、柠檬酸杆菌。经检测6株致病菌均为BLA阳性且对大部分抗生素耐药较严重,β-内酰胺酶抗生素／抑制剂或抗生素的联合用药能部分恢复药物对细菌的敏感。 相似文献
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通过对福氏志贺氏菌的诱导及其诱导耐药菌MIC与β-内酰胺酶、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的检测，探讨福氏志贺氏菌对三代头孢菌素的耐药机制。结果表明，随诱导代数的增加，诱导菌对抗菌药的MIC值亦逐步增大，诱导至30代时，三代头孢对诱导菌的抗菌活性显著降低，MIC范围为2μg／mL-32μg／mL。当对福氏志贺氏菌诱导5代时，已有β-内酰胺酶的产生；诱导至15代时，已有ESBLs产生。诱导至30代时，ESBLs已大量产生。志贺氏菌对三代头孢菌素的主要耐药机制为超广谱β-内酰胺酶的产生。 相似文献
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从某鸡场9日龄鸡群的粪便样本中分离、鉴定出奇异变形杆菌22株,并进行药敏试验和耐药基因(16S rRNA甲基化酶基因和超广谱β-内酰胺酶基因)的PCR检测.然后通过接合试验、电转化试验以及脉冲场凝胶电泳来分析16S rRNA甲基化酶基因的扩散机制.结果显示,22株鸡奇异变形杆菌对庆大霉素、阿米卡星、卡那霉素均呈现高水平耐药,对头孢噻呋、头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、氟苯尼考、多西环素呈现不同程度的耐药.PCR检测表明,在7种16S rRNA甲基化酶基因中仅扩增出rmtB基因;同时,这些菌株也携带有blaCTX-M基因.接合试验和电转化试验重复多次均未成功.脉冲场凝胶电泳结果显示,这些菌株具有相近的亲缘关系,提示该场鸡源奇异变形杆菌16SrRNA甲基化酶基因rmtB的扩散以克隆传播为主. 相似文献
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鸡源大肠杆菌分离鉴定及ESBLs与AmpC酶基因型检测及耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解山西省范围内鸡源产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）和头孢菌素酶（AmpC）大肠杆菌分离株的基因型及其耐药现状，本试验从呈现典型鸡大肠杆菌病临床症状的病料中分离、鉴定出68株符合鸡源大肠杆菌生物特性的流行菌株，采用K-B法与双纸片确认法对分离的68株大肠杆菌分别进行药敏试验和ESBLs、AmpC酶耐药表型的筛选；采用PCR方法检测了分离株中质粒介导的ESBLs、AmpC酶的基因型。结果显示，分离到的68株菌对22种抗菌药物均产生不同程度的耐药性，其中耐药谱达7耐以上的有66，占总分离菌株数的97.06%；呈ESBLs、AmpC酶阳性和两者均阳性的菌株数分别为57（83.82%）、19（27.94%）和16（23.53%）株；检测出ESBLs阳性菌株携带的耐药基因型包括blaTEM、blaOXA和blaCTX-M-1/9，AmpC酶阳性菌株耐药基因型为blaFOX型。研究结果表明，分离的68株鸡源大肠杆菌已对绝大多数种类抗菌药物产生耐药性，且产ESBLs和AmpC酶菌株已普遍流行。山西省鸡源大肠杆菌中流行的ESBLs基因型与国内其他地区相关报道大体一致，而检测到的blaFOX型AmpC酶基因在国内报道相对较少。 相似文献
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采用实验室方法分离鉴定了引起猪腹泻的细菌,并对分离菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检测和对24种抗菌药、5种复方药的敏感性测定。结果显示,分离细菌为大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、奇异变形杆菌,有的且产生ESBLs。药敏试验结果表明该菌对兽医临床中常用的β-内酰胺类抗生素、氟喹诺酮类、氯霉素类、氨基糖苷类等均产生耐药;对粘杆菌素、亚胺培南、美罗培南敏感,β-内酰胺类药物与酶抑制剂联用能使药物对细菌的最低抑菌浓度（M ICs）降低,因此复方β-内酰胺类药物是治疗猪腹泻的有效措施之一。 相似文献
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本研究旨在探索奶牛养殖环境中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended-spectrum beta-lactamases，ESBL）耐药菌的流行特征。2020-2021年，采集6个内蒙古和宁夏牧场共160份牛奶、乳区皮肤拭子和环境来源的多种类型样本，分别进行了β-内酰胺酶检测、产ESBL耐药菌的分离鉴定、药敏试验以及菌株的全基因组测序。结果显示：24份奶样的检测结果显示，各牧场β-内酰胺酶阳性率为75%~100%。其中，5个牧场的153份样本共分离出6种产ESBL耐药菌，这些产ESBL耐药菌对阿莫西林（100%）、头孢噻肟（91.0%）和头孢他啶（78.2%）均具有较高耐药率；全基因组显示，14株产ESBL大肠杆菌携带多种耐药基因，以blaCTX-M（100%）携带率最高。通过对内酰胺酶阳性奶样进行分析，发现造成牧场奶样β-内酰胺酶阳性的主要菌株是产ESBL鲍曼不动杆菌，并且该耐药菌携带有blaCTX-M、blaTEM、blaOXA型β-内酰胺类耐药基因。本研究明确了内蒙古和宁夏牧场养殖环境中产ESBL耐药菌的流行特征，并对造成内蒙古1个牧场牛奶内酰胺酶阳性原因进行了追溯研究。 相似文献
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Antimicrobial‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered from companion animal and livestock environments 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. J. Adams S. S. Kim D. F. Mollenkopf D. A. Mathys G. M. Schuenemann J. B. Daniels T. E. Wittum 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(5):519-527
Antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria represent an important concern impacting both veterinary medicine and public health. The rising prevalence of extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL), AmpC beta‐lactamase, carbapenemase (CRE) and fluoroquinolone‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae continually decreases the efficiency of clinically important antibiotics. Moreover, the potential for zoonotic transmission of antibiotic‐resistant enteric bacteria increases the risk to public health. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of specific antibiotic‐resistant bacteria on human contact surfaces in various animal environments. Environmental surface samples were collected from companion animal shelters, private equine facilities, dairy farms, livestock auction markets and livestock areas of county fairs using electrostatic cloths. Samples were screened for Enterobacteriaceae expressing AmpC, ESBL, CRE or fluoroquinolone resistance using selective media. Livestock auction markets and county fairs had higher levels of bacteria expressing both cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance than did equine, dairy, and companion animal environments. Equine facilities harboured more bacteria expressing cephalosporin resistance than companion animal shelters, but less fluoroquinolone resistance. The regular use of extended‐spectrum cephalosporins in livestock populations could account for the increased levels of cephalosporin resistance in livestock environments compared to companion animal and equine facilities. Human surfaces, as well as shared human and animal surfaces, were contaminated with resistant bacteria regardless of species environment. Detecting these bacteria on common human contact surfaces suggests that the environment can serve as a reservoir for the zoonotic transmission of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Identifying interventions to lower the prevalence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in animal environments will protect both animal and public health. 相似文献
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1株鹑鸡肠球菌产ESBLs和AmpC酶的基因型鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检测1株临床分离的七彩鸟鹑鸡肠球菌的ESBLs和AmpC酶的基因型,探讨其耐药基因的进化机制;采用两倍稀释法测定此菌株对18种常用药物的敏感性,并用9对特异性引物进行PCR扩增、基因克隆及测序分析,确定鹑鸡肠球菌ESBLs和AmpC酶的基因型及基因亚型.结果表明,鹑鸡肠球菌为产ESBLs和AmpC酶菌,除对3代、4代头孢,碳青霉烯类和磷霉素体外敏感外,对其他常用药物均呈现耐药,具有多重耐药特性;该菌所产 ES-BLs的TEM序列与AJ847364(TEM-116)序列相比发生了2处碱基突变,即512T→A和695A→C,引起了相应氨基酸的突变171Ile→Lys、232Lys→Thr,是一种新的TEM亚型,GenBank注册号DQ849329;AmpC酶与序列EF078894(ACT-like型)有97%的同源性,GenBank登录号是DQ849330.这表明该株鹑鸡肠球菌ESBLs为一种新TEM亚型,来源于同时分离的鹑鸡克雷伯菌TEM型的ESBLs;ACT型AmpC酶的存在可能与七彩鸟鹑鸡接触过β-内酰胺类药物有关. 相似文献
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Seung Won Shin Myunghwan Jung Min-Kyung Shin Han Sang Yoo 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(4):483-489
In this study, 78 isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from Korean beef cattle farms were investigated for the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase. In the disc diffusion test with ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, ceftiofur, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefoxitin, 38.5% of the isolates showed resistance to all of ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cephalothin. The double disc synergy method revealed that none of the isolates produced ESBL or AmpC β-lactamases. DNA sequencing showed that all isolates encoded genes for TEM-1-type β-lactamase. Moreover, 78.2% of the isolates transferred the TEM-1-type β-lactamase gene via conjugation. In plasmid replicon typing of all donors, IncFIB and IncFIA were identified in 71.4% and 41.0% of plasmids, respectively. In transconjugants, IncFIB and IncFIA were the most frequent types detected (61.5% and 41.0%, respectively). Overall, the present study indicates that selection pressures of antimicrobials on β-lactamases in beef cattle may be low relative to other livestock animals in Korea. Moreover, to reduce selection pressure and dissemination of β-lactamase, the long-term surveillance of antimicrobial use in domestic beef cattle should be established. 相似文献
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为探明泰州地区鸡源大肠杆菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)情况及耐药情况,对13株分离自泰州地区的鸡源大肠杆菌进行ESBLs检测,并采用微量肉汤稀释法测定不同药物对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC).结果显示,13株分离菌中有5株被确定为产ESBLs菌株,阳性率为38.5%.产ESBLs菌对β-内酰胺类抗菌药的耐药性极其严重,耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs菌,二者对氨苄西林的耐药率分别为100%和62.5%,对头孢噻呋的耐药率分别为100%和12.5%,对头孢曲松的耐药率分别为80%和20%,产ESBLs菌对其他抗菌药物的耐药率也明显高于非产ESBLs菌.氨苄西林与舒巴坦(2:1)联用与单用氨苄西林相比,对产ESBLs菌的MIC值降低至单用氨苄西林时的1/16~1/8,但对非产ESBLs菌的MIC值没有明显变化.氨苄西林与阿米卡星(1:1)联用与单用两者中的任何一种相比,对产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌的MIC值均降低至单药时的1/16~1/2.结果表明,临床可选择β-内酰胺酶类抗生素与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的混合制剂来治疗产ESBLs鸡大肠杆菌的感染,也可尝试将不同种类、不同作用机理药物联合应用来治疗鸡大肠杆菌感染,尤其是耐药性鸡大肠杆菌感染. 相似文献
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Low Occurrence of Extended‐Spectrum β‐lactamase‐Producing Escherichia coli in Finnish Food‐Producing Animals 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. Päivärinta L. Pohjola M. Fredriksson‐Ahomaa A. Heikinheimo 《Zoonoses and public health》2016,63(8):624-631
ESBL/AmpC‐producing Escherichia coli is increasingly isolated from humans and animals worldwide. The occurrence of ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was studied in food‐producing animals in Finland, a country with a low and controlled use of antimicrobials in meat production chain. A total of 648 cattle, 531 pig, 495 broiler and 35 turkey faecal samples were collected from four Finnish slaughterhouses to determine the presence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)‐producing E. coli. In addition, 260 broiler and 15 turkey samples were screened for carbapenemase‐producing E. coli. Susceptibility to different class of cephalosporins and meropenem was determined with disc diffusion tests according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Determination of ESBL/AmpC production was performed with a combination disc diffusion test according to the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. A collection of isolates producing AmpC enzyme but not carrying plasmidic blaAmpC was analysed by PCR and sequencing for possible chromosomal ampC promoter area mutations. Altogether ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was recovered from five cattle (0.8%), eight pig (1.5%) and 40 broiler samples (8.1%). No ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was found in turkey samples. Carbapenem resistance was not detected. Altogether ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli was found on 4 (2.0%), 3 (4.5%) and 14 (25%) cattle, pig and broiler farms, respectively. From cattle samples 3 (27%) blaCTX‐M‐1 and from broiler samples 13 (33%) blaCTX‐M‐1 and 22 (55%) blaCMY‐2 gene‐carrying isolates were detected. In pigs, no plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC gene‐carrying isolates were found. In all analysed isolates, the same mutations in the promoter region of chromosomal ampC were detected. The results showed low occurrence of ESBL/AmpC‐producing E. coli in Finnish food‐producing animals. In pigs, plasmidic blaESBL/AmpC‐carrying E. coli was not detected at all. 相似文献
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Fouzia Rhazi Filali Abdelhamid Zaid Zoubir Zekhnini Jean-Marie Frere 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1997,20(4):335-344
Three thermophilic bacteria strains, designated strain BS1, BS2 and BS3, resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, and leaving at an optimal temperature for growth of about 50°C, were isolated from traditional baths in Meknes-city in Morocco. Physiological and biochemical studies showed that these organisms belong to Gram positive Bacilli. They could not be identified with the Bergey's Manuel of Systematic Bacteriology (1986). The dosage of β-lactamase during the exponential growth phase has revealed that the strain BS3 produces a maximal amount of this enzyme. Studies aimed at determining the optimal conditions for incubation and growth have been performed in order to optimize the excretion of β-lactamase by BS3 cells and thus facilitate the purification and and characterization of this enzyme. 相似文献
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Prevalence of AmpC‐ and Extended‐Spectrum β‐Lactamase‐Harbouring Enterobacteriaceae in Faecal Flora of a Healthy Domestic Canine Population 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 D. A. Mathys D. F. Mollenkopf C. A. Bremer J. B. Daniels T. E. Wittum 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(7):554-560
In order to estimate the prevalence of AmpC‐ and ESBL β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae in the faecal flora of a healthy domestic canine population, faecal samples were obtained from healthy dogs receiving routine parasitology screening at the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center, between January 2013 and April 2013. Samples were screened for the presence of AmpC and ESBL β‐lactamase phenotypes, and the clinically important genotypes, blaCMY and blaCTX‐M, were confirmed via conventional PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for isolates and plasmids were characterized. Two hundred and twelve canine faecal samples were screened, of which 30 harboured isolates carrying the AmpC blaCMY, representing 14.2% of the population (95% CI: 9.4–18.9%). Nine samples harboured isolates that carried the ESBL blaCTX‐M, representing 4.2% of the population (95% CI: 1.5–7.0%). Isolates containing blaCMY harboured multiple plasmid replicon types, while isolates containing blaCTX‐M harboured few plasmid replicon types. Our results suggest that domestic dogs may serve as a reservoir for extended‐spectrum cephalosporin resistance genes for other domestic animal populations as well as for their human companions. This represents a potential veterinary and public health risk that warrants further investigation and continued surveillance to ascertain the nature and extent of the risk. The high level of diversity of plasmid content among isolates harbouring blaCMY suggests broader dissemination relative to blaCTX‐M isolates. 相似文献