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采用70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、30%爱苗乳油、75%百菌清可湿性粉剂、50%速克灵可湿性粉剂和苯醚甲环唑.多菌灵等8种药剂对花生疮痂病进行防治试验,结果表明：几种药剂均有一定的防治效果,其中70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂和10%苯醚甲环唑可湿性粉剂的防治效果最好,单株结荚数多,果饱、果大,增产幅度最大;70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂防治效果最差,增产幅度最小。 相似文献
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为评价新型复配药剂24%吡唑醚菌酯·双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂防治甜橙采后青霉病的效果及其对甜橙果实的安全性,连续两年进行了24%吡唑醚菌酯·双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂防治甜橙青霉病的采后贮藏试验。试验结果表明：24%吡唑醚菌酯·双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂有效成分用量200、266.7和400 mg/kg对甜橙青霉病具有较好的防治效果;1次药后30 d调查,2013年的防治效果分别为80.29%、85.50%和90.65%,2014年分别为70.54%、75.90%和83.48%。该药剂值得推广应用于目前甜橙的采后保鲜。 相似文献
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为了筛选出适合大田防治番木瓜疮痂病的药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法对8种药剂进行室内药效筛选。结果表明：8种药剂对菌丝生长的抑制效果不同,从方差分析结果来看,25% 咪鲜胺乳油、10% 苯醚甲环唑可湿粉填料、50% 多菌灵可湿性粉剂和25% 丙环唑乳油的EC50极显著或显著差异优于70% 甲基托布津可湿性粉剂、50% 异菌脲可湿性粉剂、80% 代森锰锌可湿性粉剂和50% 福美双可湿性粉剂;而25% 咪鲜胺乳油、10% 苯醚甲环唑可湿粉填料和50% 多菌灵可湿性粉剂间的EC50无显著差异,其中25% 咪鲜胺乳油的EC50最小。建议在生产上推广使用25% 咪鲜胺乳油、10% 苯醚甲环唑可湿粉填料和50% 多菌灵可湿性粉剂。 相似文献
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金边虎尾兰炭疽病防治技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对金边虎尾兰炭疽病进行了田间防治药剂筛选和采用温室大棚栽培防病试验.结果表明:供试的10种药剂中,10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂、430 g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂、250 g/L 吡唑醚菌酯乳油、53.8%氢氧化銅水分散粒剂、75%代森锰锌水分散粒剂和75%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂对金边虎尾兰炭疽病的防治效果较好.其中,450 g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂1000倍液的防治效果最佳,防效为83.87%.而采用温室大棚栽培防雨避病对金边虎尾兰炭疽病也有较好的防控效果 相似文献
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为筛选出防治香草兰疫病的最佳药剂，采用田间小区试验方法，测定68%精甲霜·锰锌WDG(水份散粒剂)、50%烯酰吗啉WP(可湿性粉剂)、25%甲霜·霜霉威WP、69%烯酰吗啉·锰锌WP、36%霜脲锰锌WP和70%乙磷铝锰锌WP等6种不同使用浓度药剂对香草兰疫病的防治效果。结果表明：68%精甲霜·锰锌WDG 1 000倍液、50%烯酰吗啉WP 1000倍液及36%霜脲锰锌WP 1 000倍液对香草兰疫病大田防效较好，分别为86.6%、81.4%和79.8%。生产上可交替使用这3种药剂来防治香草兰疫病。 相似文献
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10种杀菌剂处理棉花种子对苗期病害的防治效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了明确不同杀菌剂单剂对棉花苗期病害的防治效果，本研究采用市场上常用的10种杀菌剂单剂按照推荐剂量进行种子处理防治苗期病害。试验结果表明，10种杀菌剂均对苗期病害具有较好的防治效果。其中：2.5%（质量分数，下同）咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂防治效果最好，为89.1%；其次为10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂和18%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮种衣剂，防治效果分别为87.1%和86.9%。杀菌单剂对棉花苗期病害防治效果由好到一般依次为2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂＞10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂＞18%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮种衣剂＞35%精甲霜灵种子处理乳剂＞20%甲基立枯磷乳油＞36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂＞50%福美双可湿性粉剂＞50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂＞15%五氯硝基苯悬浮种衣剂＞12%萎锈灵可湿性粉剂，各处理对棉苗生长安全无害。以上试验结果可为应用新型药剂及复配防治棉花苗期病害提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Little information is available regarding the efficacy and timing of modern fungicides for the control of plum rust. In this study, modern fungicides, including triazoles, strobilurins, and benzimidazoles, and a classic fungicide (chlorothalonil) were tested under both greenhouse and field experiments. Excellent disease control was obtained by the pre-inoculation application of all fungicides in the greenhouse experiments. However, only triazoles (tebuconazole, difenoconazole, flusilazole and hexaconazole) were effective when applied up to 6 or 7 days after inoculation. Unexpectedly, strobilurins (azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin) and benzimidazoles (thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim) were not effective when applied at any time after inoculation. In field experiments, early-season fungicide applications effectively inhibited primary infections; however, these applications provided no apparent benefit in preventing secondary infections and premature leaf fall later in the season. All fungicides provided better control over the season and significantly reduced premature leaf fall when applied immediately after rust pustules (uredinia) were first observed. It is suggested that all fungicides tested in this study can be used for plum rust control. Disease monitoring data indicated that disease severity remained low throughout May but dramatically increased in early June. Mid-May is evidently the best time to initiate fungicide sprays against rust on plums; the spray should be applied before or when rust pustules are first observed and when rust is present at low severity. 相似文献
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The ascomycete fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic plant pathogen with an unusually broad host range and worldwide distribution. The benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim has been widely used to control S. sclerotiorum in China for more than three decades and high levels of carbendazim resistance have been reported in eastern China. In this study, carbendazim sensitivity was assessed in a total of 5042 field isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from different geographical regions of China from 2008 to 2013. Results showed that no carbendazim resistant isolates could be detected in northwestern and northeastern China. In 2013, 0.77% and 0.72% of the field isolates assayed were highly resistant to carbendazim in Hunan and Hubei provinces of central China, respectively. In Anhui province of eastern China, the frequencies of carbendazim resistance were 18.18%, 7.05% and 7.25% in 2008, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The decrease in frequency of carbendazim resistance in Anhui province from 2008 to 2012 was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant differences (P ≥ 0.16) were found in fitness parameters such as mycelial growth on PDA media, virulence to oilseed rape plants and oxalic acid production between carbendazim resistant and sensitive isolates. A negative cross resistance pattern was detected between carbendazim and diethofencarb. Mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb (4:1) applied at 200 μg/mL provided 100% and 91.5% preventive efficacy against carbendazim resistant and sensitive isolates, respectively, and 87.1% and 81.7% curative efficacy against resistant and sensitive isolates, respectively. 相似文献
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Fenhexamid is a hydroxyanilide fungicide with excellent performance against Botrytis cinerea but also effective against Monilinia spp. which cause brown rot disease in apple and stone fruit. A total of 75 Monilinia laxa field isolates were utilized to determine baseline sensitivity while a number of fenhexamid-resistant laboratory mutants were used to evaluate the resistance risk associated with the longevity of the effectiveness of fenhexamid. Fenhexamid was found to be highly effective against all field isolates. EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 1 μg mL−1 and were distributed unimodaly around an average of 0.1 μg mL−1. M. laxa laboratory strains with moderate and high resistance levels to fenhexamid were isolated after UV mutagenesis. All fenhexamid-resistant strains showed parental sensitivity to carbendazim, iprodione, fludioxonil, pyraclostrobin, flusilazole and prochloraz. Interestingly, some of the mutant strains were also resistant to tridemorph, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine. Studies on fitness parameters of fenhexamid-resistant strains revealed a fitness cost on sporulation and pathogenicity but not on mycelial growth. These results suggest that fenhexamid should be a good alternative site-specific fungicide for the control of brown rot disease caused by M. laxa. However, appropriate anti-resistance strategies should be considered to ensure the successful commercial use of fenhexamid in the long run. 相似文献
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David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
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《Crop Protection》1988,7(1):34-38
Fungicide seed treatment using benomyl+captan, combined with postemergence sprays of the insecticides chlorpyrifos and omethoate increased herbage yield 10 weeks after sowing in five of eight sowings of Italian and perennial ryegrass. At one sowing, five other fungicide seed treatments—carbendazim+captan, thiabendazole+captan, thiabendazole+thiram, thiabendazole+metalaxyl, and drazoxolon—combined with the insecticide sprays, also increased yield. The insecticides were shown to give good control of shoot-fly larvae, but the yield response to insecticides alone was not as great as that from the combined treatment. As fungicide seed treatment alone increased seedling emergence at one sowing only, possibly the fungicides improved seedling vigour by reducing sub-lethal attacks from soil-borne diseases. The combination of a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment was used at five sowings with no effect. 相似文献
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Two common production constraints of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Ontario are annual weeds and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum). Dry bean is not considered a competitive crop and weed interference can result in substantial yield losses, while anthracnose is considered one of the most devastating diseases in dry bean production. A study conducted in Ontario Canada, examined the effect of two herbicide programs on weed management, thiamethoxam insecticide treatment on plant enhancement and three fungicide programs on anthracnose development in a navy bean cv. ‘OAC Rex’. The premium herbicide program (s-metolachlor + imazethapyr) reduced percent weed ground cover relative to the economic herbicide program (trifluralin) in five of six locations. Thiamethoxam increased emergence and vigour at only one location, which contradicts reported benefits of thiamethoxam on plant health. The herbicide or thiamethoxam treatments did not affect anthracnose disease severity, visible seed quality, net yield or economic return. The fungicide seed treatment was often superior to the untreated control, for a number of the parameters measured. The application date of the foliar fungicide, relative to the onset of disease, varied between site-years. This dramatically influenced the fungicide’s effectiveness. Foliar fungicides increased seed quality and net economic return compared to the control when applied prior to disease development. The combination of fungicide seed treatment followed by a foliar fungicide provided the largest reduction in anthracnose severity. 相似文献
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8种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为减轻马铃薯晚疫病对马铃薯生产造成的损失,本研究选择了8种药剂,在马铃薯地上垄体栽培模式下进行晚疫病防治的药效比较试验。结果表明,不同处理均对地上垄体栽培模式下马铃薯晚疫病具有防治和保产的效果。其中,在马铃薯晚疫病发病前期喷施的保护性杀菌剂种中,60%百泰的防治和保产效果最好,防效达79%以上,增产43.54%;其次是银法利,防效达70%以上,增产42.55%。在发病中期喷施的治疗性杀菌剂中,防效和保产效果最好的药剂为50%安克,防效达73%以上,增产36.71%。 相似文献
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Cercospora beticola, causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, is primarily controlled by fungicides. Benzimidazole and demethylation inhibiting fungicides, including carbendazim and flutriafol, have been widely used in Serbia. Since these fungicide groups have a site-specific mode of action, there is a high risk for developing resistance in target organisms, which is the most important limiting factor in Cercospora leaf spot chemical control. A rapid identification of flutriafol and carbendazim resistance can help researchers in examining the potential of different fungicide resistance management practices, as well as in selection of fungicides for use in the areas where resistance has occurred. One hundred single-conidia isolates were collected from 70 representative locations of the sugar beet production region in Serbia. Evaluation of the isolates' sensitivity was based on the reduction of mycelial growth on medium amended with 1.25 μg mL−1 flutriafol and 5 μg mL−1 carbendazim. Resistance to flutriafol and carbendazim was detected in 16% and 96% of the tested isolates, respectively. All isolates resistant to flutriafol were resistant to carbendazim as well, which is the first report of a double resistance to fungicides in C. beticola. Detection of the isolates resistant to flutriafol and carbendazim using Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence (CAPS) markers confirmed the results of the in vitro tests. The efficacy of carbendazim, flutriafol, azoxystrobin, and tetraconazole at commercially recommended doses was evaluated in field trials where sugar beet plants in plots were inoculated with a mixture of isolates either sensitive and/or resistant to flutriafol and carbendazim. Carbendazim and flutriafol efficacy was very low in plots inoculated with isolates resistant to these fungicides. Presented results will contribute to development of a pathogen population sensitivity monitoring strategy that could be used for an effective CLS management in the region. 相似文献