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1.
从林隙大小和林隙年龄2个方面初步研究了杨桦次生林经营采伐形成的林隙及其更新特征.结果表明:冠林隙面积<50 m2占7%,50～100 m2占21%,100～150 m2占36%,150～200 m2占29%,>200 m2占7%.28.6%的林隙呈圆形,71.4%的林隙呈椭圆形.椭圆形林隙中55%为南-北方向,30%为东北-西南方向,15%为东南-西北方向.林隙一般由7～10株山杨、白桦或山槐被伐后形成.林隙内更新幼苗的密度和生长状况优于非林隙林分.在林隙形成初期,灌木幼苗在林隙更新中占绝对优势,但随着林隙形成年龄的增加,灌木将逐渐丧失其优势,乔木的优势则逐渐上升.除50～100 m2林隙外,乔木幼苗的平均高和平均基径均大于灌木,但都在100～200 m2林隙内最大.各大小级林隙内更新的主要乔木中阳性树种占大多数,但优势种各不相同. 相似文献
2.
长白山杨桦次生林采伐林隙幼苗更新动态 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
采用样线调查法,从林隙大小和林隙年龄2个方面研究长白山杨桦次生林经营采伐形成的林隙及其更新特征.结果表明;＜50 m2的林隙占7%,50～100 m2的占21%,100～150 m2的占36%,150～200 m2的占29%,＞200 m2的占7%;林隙一般由7～10株山杨、白桦或山槐被伐后形成;林隙内更新幼苗的种类组成较简单,但分布极不均匀;林隙内更新幼苗的种数、个体密度、叶面积指数、平均高生长和径生长均优于非林隙林分;色木槭、花楸、山槐等适合于在林隙内更新,而水曲柳、山荆等更适合于在郁闭林下更新;随着采伐林隙形成时间的延长,林隙内的凋落物和土壤养分含量不断提高,更新幼苗的种数、个体密度显著增加,生长状况也明显提高,相比于非林隙更新,林隙更新的优势更加突出;由于林隙内的光照、土壤养分和凋落物存在较大的空间异质性,不同位置的更新状况差异也较大,3龄林隙的西缘最好,中心及北部最差,9龄林隙内规律不明显;＜50 m2林隙内的更新状况与非林隙林分相近,＞200 m2林隙内的更新最差,100～150 m2林隙内更新状况最优,不但幼苗个体密度大,而且叶面积指数、平均高生长和径生长也最好,这主要是由不同大小林隙内和非林隙林分光合有效辐射的强度差异较大造成的.100～150 m2是长白山杨桦次生林林隙更新的最适面积. 相似文献
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福建万木林中亚热带常绿阔叶林林隙更新研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
对福建万木林中亚热带常绿阔叶林中林隙和非林隙林分进行调查 ,分析主要树种在林隙内外的数量特征、树种对林隙大小的更新反应规律。结果表明 :不同树种在林隙内和非林隙林分中重要值不同。根据不同树种在林隙内外重要值位序的差异大小 ,将万木林中亚热带常绿阔叶林中树种划分为 7种类型 :(1)只出现于林隙中 ;(2 )只出现于非林隙林分中 ;(3)对林隙更新反应不显著 ;(4 )对林隙有强烈正更新反应 ;(5 )对林隙有强烈负更新反应 ;(6 )对林隙有中等正更新反应 ;(7)对林隙有中等负更新反应的树种。不同树种对林隙大小的更新反应不同 ,山矾在林隙面积为 10 0m2 左右时其更新密度达到最大 ,木荷在林隙面积为 30 0～ 4 0 0m2 时 ,其更新密度达到最大 ,其他几种的更新密度都在林隙面积为 10 0～ 2 0 0m2 时达到最大。 相似文献
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长白山杨桦次生林采伐林隙种子库特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究长白山杨桦次生林不同大小采伐林隙的土壤种子库特征.结果表明:杨桦次生林非林隙林分中种子库储量远高于林隙,但多样性比林隙低;不同大小林隙内的种子库储量差异显著,其中50～100 m2大小的林隙内种子库储量最大;随林隙形成时间的延长,林隙内的种子库储量减少,但多样性有所增加;林隙内不同部位间的种子库储量变化较大,且丰富度大小同个体密度大小的变化不一致;种子库中优势种突出,水曲柳、紫椴、山槐与色木槭4个树种的种子数量占种子总量的74.3%以上;地表凋落物层对种子落入土壤有明显的阻滞作用;在林隙形成初期,种子库的组成及数量主要由腐殖质层种子库决定,但随时间的推移枯枝落叶层种子库对整个种子库的贡献越来越大;林隙内土壤种子库同地上更新幼苗相似性不大. 相似文献
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红松阔叶林主要树种对林隙大小及其发育阶段更新反应规律的研究 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
本文通过对长白山脉西部蛟河林场３２ｈｍ２原始红松阔叶林中７７个林隙的调查,研究了红松阔叶林中１３个主要乔木树种对林隙大小和发育阶段的更新反应规律。结果表明：树种更新密度随林隙大小的变化呈现出单峰型的反应,除沙松、紫椴和花楷槭在林隙面积为４０～６０ｍ２时更新密度最大外,其它１０个树种的更新密度都在林隙面积为２０～４０ｍ２时最大。树种更新密度对林隙发育阶段有单峰型、双峰型和变化不明显３种反应类型。所有树种在林隙内的更新密度都大于其在非林隙林分下的密度。 相似文献
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采用样线法调查研究区内林隙分布,共获得36个林隙,大小不同林隙内植物种类组成表现出一定差异,大林隙(300~400m2)乔木树种18种,灌木、草本植物28种;小林隙(<100m2)乔木树种13种,中林隙(100~200m2)11种,两者灌木及草本植物均21种。大、中林隙内乔木树种以江南桤木居多,小林隙中暖木和甜槠占优势;3个林隙中灌木均以青栲幼苗占绝对优势,表明青栲将有可能进入林冠层而逐渐成为优势树种。林隙内乔木树种种数、丰富度指数均大于非林隙,均匀度小于非林隙;灌木、草本植物具有同样规律。乔木树种物种多样性以大林隙最高、中林隙最低;不同面积林隙SW多样性指数、均匀度指数依次为:大林隙>中林隙>小林隙;生态优势度为:中林隙>大林隙>小林隙。灌木、草本植物物种数、丰富度指数表现出300~400m2面积的大林隙内达最大值,并随林隙面积的减小而减小,灌、草层植物多样性最大值也出现在大林隙中;生态优势度指数中林隙最大,小林隙最小。 相似文献
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通过对西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉原始林林隙更新调查，研究了林隙大小与更新以及林隙形成年龄与更新的关系，对林隙和非林隙林分内幼苗和幼树的高生长进行了比较。结果表明：林隙大小在100m^2左右，最适合于苗高20cm以下的更新幼苗生存，超过100m^2，更新幼苗随着林隙面积的增大而减少；林隙大小在300m^2左右，最适合冷杉幼树和小径木的生存。林隙形成年龄在30a左右，更新幼苗和幼树的数量最多，而小径木数量有限，随着林隙形成年龄的增大，小径木数量逐渐增多，而幼苗和幼树逐渐减少；林隙内幼苗、幼树和小径木的密度均大于非林隙林分；林隙对3年生以下幼苗的高生长影响不大，对4年生以上幼树的高生长有促进作用，特别是对9年生至16年生幼树高生长的促进作用最明显。 相似文献
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《森林与环境学报》2015,(2)
研究林隙结构对天然林更新演替具有重要意义,以闽北闽粤栲天然林林隙的基本特征及干扰状况为研究对象,通过对闽北闽粤栲天然林中的28个林隙进行调查,进而分析其林隙大小结构、年龄结构、形成方式、形成木特征及干扰规律。结果表明,在闽北闽粤栲天然林中,冠林隙中10-20 m2所占的数量比例和面积比例都是最大的。扩展林隙个数以50 m2所占的数量比例最大,以50-100 m2所占的面积比例最大。林隙年龄以10-15 a所占的数量比例最大。林隙形成方式主要是折干与掘根风倒共同作用,占总株数的57.14%。林隙多由1-4株形成木形成的,平均每个林隙有4.04株形成木,形成木的径级以10、20 cm为主,占82.30%。林隙的线状密度为12.84个·km-1,冠林隙和扩展林隙的形成速率分别为2.08和7.02 m·km-1·a-1。林隙干扰的周期为476.19 a。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(4)
【目的】研究林隙大小对蒙古栎、水曲柳人工更新幼树生长、形态、生物量及其分配特征的影响,为2个树种的林隙内及林冠下人工更新提供理论依据。【方法】以长白山地区15年生蒙古栎和9年生水曲柳人工更新幼树为研究对像,采用随机抽样法,对不同大小林隙(大、中、小林隙和林冠下)内蒙古栎和水曲柳幼树进行生长、形态(枝系特征、叶片特征)调查,测定2个树种的单株生物量并探讨其分配特征。【结果】随林隙减小,蒙古栎和水曲柳幼树的树高、地径、冠长和冠幅均显著减小(P0.05);2个树种的1级枝长度和1级枝基径均显著减小(P0.05),1级枝密度均表现为增加趋势,1级枝分枝角度均增大;2个树种的叶片长、宽、单叶面积及单株叶面积指数均呈下降趋势,比叶面积均表现为先下降后增加的趋势;2个树种的单株生物量显著减小(P0.05),蒙古栎幼树根冠比逐渐下降,水曲柳幼树根冠比则先下降后增加。【结论】大林隙能显著促进蒙古栎、水曲柳幼树生长,小林隙和林冠下则抑制其生长;林隙对更新苗木的影响长时间持续存在,因而用较长时间的林隙内幼树生长效果评价林隙大小对幼树生长的影响更可靠;林隙大小对人工更新蒙古栎幼树生长的影响高于对水曲柳的影响,人工更新时,蒙古栎适宜较大林隙,水曲柳则适宜较小林隙。 相似文献
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A. Lehtijärvi H. T. Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi A. G. Aday Kaya S. Ünal S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)
Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m2. One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites. 相似文献
12.
通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。
相似文献
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建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。 相似文献
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植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):530-542
Abstract The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting. 相似文献
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The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha?1, of which 1700?ha?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kojiro Yuzo Furuta Makoto Ohkoshi Yutaka Ishimaru Misao Yokoyama Junji Sugiyama Shuichi Kawai Takumi Mitsutani Hiromasa Ozaki Minoru Sakamoto Mineo Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):515-519
To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years.
The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased
in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores
smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of
that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased
in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were
considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption
and/or temperature variation in the environment. 相似文献
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