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1.
泉州市水资源风险评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于自然灾害风险理论构建具有普适性的水资源风险评价指标体系,利用粗糙集理论对普适性指标进行约简,从而得到符合评价区实际情况的针对性指标,利用层析分析法-熵权法相结合的主客观组合赋权法为各指标赋权,在此基础上采用基于可拓论的综合评价方法进行水资源风险评价。通过上述方法的耦合完成泉州市水资源风险评价,结果表明:泉州市水资源风险评价针对性指标为人均水资源量、年均降雨量、人口密度、每公顷平均灌溉水量、万元GDP用水量、水资源开发利用程度、生活用水定额7项;近几年水资源风险程度处与中风险和较高风险。  相似文献   

2.
以往采用模糊综合评价方法对研究区进行评价时往往采用层次分析法确定权重,确定的权重值较为主观,为了克服层次分析法定权的主观性,采用熵权法和层次分析法确定了组合权重,对研究区水资源承载力进行评价。以蒲河流域为研究对象,建立符合蒲河流域自身特点的水资源承载能力综合评价指标体系,评价指标选取了单位面积水资源量、人均水资源可利用量、耕地灌溉率、人口密度、年人均GDP、万元GDP用水量、生态需水满足率、污水排放处理达标率等8个指标,运用组合权重计算各指标权重,对蒲河流域现状年水资源承载能力进行模糊综合评价。评价结果表明,蒲河流域水资源承载力总体水平处于适载与超载的临界状态,提升空间有限。  相似文献   

3.
针对辽河干流水资源的实际情况,依据辽河流域供需状况等,选取人均水资源可利用量、水资源开发利用程度、单位面积水资源可利用量、人均增加值、人均粮食占有量、生活用水定额、人口密度、耕地灌溉率、万元增加值用水量、生态用水率等指标,应用模糊综合评价方法综合的评价了流域内现状和不同水平年的水资源承载力,并系统分析评价了各个流域分区城市的承载状况。  相似文献   

4.
海河流域是我国水资源开发利用程度最高、水资源最为紧缺、水质污染尤为突出的地区。【目的】明确该流域近年来水资源现状及变化趋势。【方法】统计1998—2017年海河流域水资源数据,分析了水资源量、供用水量和水质的变化趋势。【结果】海河流域人均水资源量不足全国人均的1/10,水资源极度匮乏且年际波动较大;在供水量方面,近年来地下水供给占比呈下降趋势,域外调水和其他水源供给占比呈增加趋势;在用水量方面,农业和工业用水量呈降低趋势,生活用水量不断提高,生态用水量快速增长;河流水质有所改善,但仍处于较差水平;大中型水库水质达标率较低,近况堪忧。【结论】海河流域水资源量与质的问题依然十分严峻,更加严格的水资源管理措施有待执行。  相似文献   

5.
基于生态足迹模型,笔者构建了水资源足迹模型,对城市水资源的消耗和利用进行分析。根据统计资料,计算了南京水资源足迹和承载力,并引入万元GDP用水量和水资源压力指数以及可持续性能指标来分析南京市当前水资源状况。得出南京人均水资源足迹为1.070 0~1.257 8hm2/人,人均水资源承载力为0.393 3~0.627 4hm2/人。考虑到过境客水量,南京水资源呈弱可持续发展。通过工业和农业用水结构调整和技术支持,可以改善本地水资源的利用情况,使水资源得到合理利用。  相似文献   

6.
随着人口的快速增长和社会经济的发展,水资源承载力的大小已经成为制约一个地区和国家发展的重要因素之一,以博尔塔拉蒙古自治州为研究区,选取该地区生产总值GDP、人口自然增长率、人均水资源量等16个指标建立评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法PCA得到影响博尔塔拉蒙古自治州水资源承载力的三大主成分,并对博尔塔拉蒙古自治州水资源承载力状况进行综合评价。结果表明:1对水资源承载力影响起主导作用的有人均用水量、地表水资源量、单位面积水资源量,累积贡献率达到了94%。2第一主成分与人均水资源占有量X12和地表水资源量X9等较大正相关,认为第一主成分主要代表该地区的水资源利用;第二主成分与地区生产总值GDP X1和人均GDP X4等具有较大正相关,认为第二主成分主要代表该地区经济与人口的发展水平;第三主成分与人口自然增长率X6和地区人口X2具有较大正相关,可以认为第三主成分主要代表该地区人口的变化情况。因此,对博尔塔拉蒙古自治州水资源承载力进行分析和评价,可以为博州水资源规划及其合理开发利用提供参考依据。  相似文献   

7.
以鹤壁市为研究对象,选取人均供水量、产水模数、万元GDP用水量、供水模数、需水模数、耕地灌溉率、生态用水率共计7个主要影响鹤壁市水资源承载力的因素作为评价指标,通过构建模糊综合评判模型对该市进行了水资源承载力评价。结果表明:2009-2015年间,鹤壁市水资源承载能力平均得分为0.422 4,属弱承载。承载力总体呈现先增强后趋于平缓,然后有所减弱的趋势,南水北调投入使用后,水资源承载能力有所提升,但仍存在一定程度的水资源短缺现象,因此优化配置水资源、实现水资源的合理开发利用仍然是当务之急。本文研究成果对于实现鹤壁市水资源可持续开发利用具有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

8.
通过分析一些学者对水资源承载能力所作的定义,从水资源可持续利用的角度,探讨水资源承载能力的基本概念、理论内涵及评价指标体系,并分析了影响水资源承载能力的主要因素,提出一套水资源承载度指标计算和水源承载能力计算方法。通过对计算模型的分析,可以看出,对于一定区域的某一时段,在可利用的水资源量、人均需水量一定的情况下,水资源承载能力的求解是一个以配水系数为决策变量的线性优化问题。  相似文献   

9.
水资源承载力是影响区域可持续发展的关键因素之一,科学的评估水资源承载力可为合理促进水资源开发利用提供参考依据。以信息熵和灰色关联理论为基础,建立了基于灰色关联-熵的水资源承载力评估模型,对珠三角区域水资源承载力空间差异性进行分析,评估结果表明,2017年珠江三角洲地区影响水资源承载力的主要指标为单位面积污水排放量、人均水资源量、万元工业增加值用水量等,在评估体系的5个子系统中,水资源数量、水资源质量和用水水平的指标总权重为74%,珠三角城市水资源承载力由低到高分别为:深圳<佛山<广州<东莞<中山<珠海<江门<惠州<肇庆。结合各地市水资源利用现状,提出了合理开发利用水资源的建议,同时为珠三角水资源承载力评估工作提供了更加合理的方法。  相似文献   

10.
模糊综合评价方法在区域水资源承载力研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
区域水资源承载力是进行区域生态建设和确定社会经济发展规划的基础.介绍了基于模糊数学理论的区域水资源承栽力评价方法,选取了人均水资源量、供水工程调控能力、水质达标率和过境水利用潜力等4个主要支持性指标和人口密度、城镇人口比例、水资源利用率、人均GDP、人均需水量和生态用水比例等6个主要压力性指标,以浙江省杭州市为例进行计算与分析.  相似文献   

11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。  相似文献   

13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。  相似文献   

14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。  相似文献   

15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.  相似文献   

16.
赵异 《湖南农机》2007,(3):31-32
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。  相似文献   

17.
A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.  相似文献   

18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。  相似文献   

19.
农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。  相似文献   

20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。  相似文献   

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