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基于线粒体COI与16S rRNA基因序列探讨贻贝属的系统发育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
比较分析了贻贝属5个种的线粒体DNA COI及16S rRNA基因片段序列,确定了贻贝属的系统进化关系。以翡翠贻贝（Perna viridis）和条纹隔贻贝（Septifer virgatus）为外群,基于距离法（NJ）、最大简约法（MP）、最大似然法（ML）、贝叶斯演绎法（BI）及贝叶斯联合模型分析法构建分子系统树。系统发育分析结果表明,5种贻贝[Mytilus edulis,紫贻贝（M.galloprovincialis）,盖勒贻贝（M.trossulus）,厚壳贻贝（M.coruscus）,加州贻贝（M.californianus）]在系统树上聚为2支。加州贻贝最为原始,厚壳贻贝次之。其中,紫贻贝和M.edulis具有很近的亲缘关系,而厚壳贻贝和加州贻贝的亲缘关系近。研究结果为贻贝属物种进化、迁移及其育种研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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贻贝Mytilus edulis Linne食物链短、易养殖、味道好、鲜度高、富含营养，生物学价值仅次于鸡蛋。但其加工困难，影响养殖的发展和食用。当前世界贻贝养殖有三个属，即贻贝属Mytilus，偏顶蛤属Modiolus和蛤属．Perna。中国以手工加工为主，产品有淡干、 相似文献
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厚壳贻贝人工育苗技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
厚壳贻贝（Mytilus corusus Gould）俗称“壳菜”、“淡菜”,主要分布于我国渤海、黄海、东海沿岸以及台湾的澎湖,是一种经济价值较大,可人工养殖的海产贝类,但由于苗种的困扰,制约了厚壳贻贝的大面积推广养殖。作者于2005年在浙江省舟山市水产研究所定海长峙岙山基地,对厚壳贻贝人工育苗进行了试验,现报道如下： 相似文献
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硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)是我国贻贝的主要养殖品种,其苗种主要依靠天然苗种和半人工采苗获得。2006年浙江海洋学院于嵊泗县石柱育苗厂,首次突破了厚壳贻贝规模化全人工繁殖和稚贝海区中间培育技术。研究结果表明,厚壳贻贝亲贝通过室内强化培养,经人工催产可获得成熟受精卵,受精率可达95%。在水温16℃时,受精卵在受精后25min出现第一极体,受精后39h50min发育至直线绞合幼虫期,胚胎孵化率达92%,在水温15.8～21℃的条件下,经39d室内人工培育,获平均壳长0.694mm的附着稚贝1304.7×104ind;附着稚贝经102d海区中间培育,获平均壳长13.95mm的稚贝404.46×104ind,海区保苗成活率达31%。该研究结果为今后厚壳贻贝大规模苗种生产奠定了重要理论和技术基础。 相似文献
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2005-2007年对紫贻贝(Mytilus gallo provincialis)和厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)种间进行了杂交生产性试验,通过亲贝强化培育、确认雌雄亲贝、改革育苗水体交换方法、投喂混合单细胞藻类、流水培养附着稚贝等技术,获得F1代.结果表明,正交F1代幼虫的成活率明显高于反交F1代和厚壳贻贝,在幼虫培育前期与紫贻贝的成活率相当,但随着幼虫的发育有高于紫贻贝的趋势.正交F1代幼虫的壳长和壳高在培育阶段的前期生长与紫贻贝相当,低于厚壳贻贝,高于反交F1代;但后期的生长明显增快,并高于反交F1代和其他两种贻贝.各试验组贻贝海区养殖的成活率在90%以上,正交F1代最高,显著高于反交F1代.各试验组生长特性,正交F1代紫贻贝厚壳贻贝反交F1代.其中正交F1代获附着稚贝3.77×109 ind.正交F1除在孵化率上低于紫贻贝、厚壳贻贝外,在壳长、壳高、成活率等方面指标具有一定杂交优势,而反交F1代的杂交优势不明显. 相似文献
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The blue mussel, Mytilus edulis has been reared along the Normandy coast line since the 1960s. The gonadal cycle of this mussel species shows a sharp decrease in meat quality during the winter period after spawning. This decline in meat quality is so severe that sales have to be suspended from December to July. Another species of mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, which is reared in the lagoons along the French shore of the Mediterranean Sea has a different spawning cycle. An experiment was undertaken to study the meat quality of M. Galloprovincialis throughout the year after the spat were transferred from the Mediterranean Sea to the Normandy coast. This species showed an immediate adaptation to the gonadal cycle of M. edulis. Despite suggestions from researchers, no interest was expressed to consider such transfers of M. galloprovincialis in the future. 相似文献
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浙北沿岸大黄鱼放流增殖的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
为了恢复浙江渔场大黄鱼资源，1998—2002年，浙江省在浙江北部沿岸海域进行了大黄鱼增殖放流可行性研究。通过5年来的放流试验表明，在浙北沿岸进行大黄鱼放流是完全可行的，放流鱼能够在放流区域附近海域存活、生长，并进行索饵、产卵洄游，同时形成了一定数量的捕捞群体，放流鱼回捕率较高，放流效果较好。文章对试验放流过程中出现的问题进行了探讨和分析，为今后进一步大规模放流提出了建议。 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》1998,11(5):347-353
Most recent authors have called the Chilean blue mussel (formerly Mytilus chilensis) Mytilus edulis. Mussels from four nominal species (Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus, M. galloprovincialis and M. chilensis) were collected from the eastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada, New Zealand and the southern coast of Chile. Canonical discriminant analysis of selected shell morphometrical characters showed that although there is some overlap in canonical variates, the three nominal species, M. edulis, M. trossulus and M. chilensis can be morphologically divided into three distinct groups. The two nuclear-DNA markers (ITS and Glu-5) and the mtDNA marker studied indicate that the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of M. edulis and M. trossulus are different. M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. chilensis share similar restriction fragment patterns for the mtDNA and for the ITS nuclear-DNA marker, while the Glu-5 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay showed that the M. edulis and M. chilensis genotypes disagree, producing species-specific banding patterns that can be used as a diagnostic marker between the two nominal species. The molecular and morphometric data reported here give more evidence to support the view of other authors that the Chilean blue mussel should be included as M. edulis subspecies: Mytilus edulis chilensis. 相似文献
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浙江沿海大型底栖海藻分布区域与资源特征研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据对浙江沿海底栖海藻资源调查，研究分析了该区大型底栖海藻的种类数量，计56种，分隶5纲、13目，归入3个门，其中绿藻门15种，褐藻门20种，红藻门21种。该海区岩相潮间带底栖海藻资源丰富，其大型底栖海藻种类资源特征以我国沿海广温广布种（20种）和优势种类（16种）及常见种类（10种）占多数，其次为少见种类（5种）和稀有种类（4种）；平面分布种以暖温性种类（29种）占多数，其次为亚热带种类（22种），而以冷水性种类（5种）为最少；其种类垂直生态分布特征以低潮带为最多，其次为中潮带，最少的是高潮带。最后提出了对浙江沿海大型底栖海藻资源开展生态保护和实施可持续开发的若干意见。 相似文献
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通过混养生态系统模拟试验研究了紫贻贝(Grateloupia lanceolata)和披针形蜈蚣藻(Mytilus edulis)不同养殖密度组合下的生态混养状况。选取壳长(45.14±3.85)mm的紫贻贝和长度(62.48±7.38)mm的披针形蜈蚣藻,采用5种湿重配比进行混养实验,分别为G1(1∶0)、G2(1∶0.25)、G3(1∶0.5)、G4(1∶1)和G5(1∶2)。每种组合中紫贻贝密度均为0.63 ind·L~(-1),而披针形蜈蚣藻密度分别为0 g·L~(-1)、1.25 g·L~(-1)、2.5 g·L~(-1)、5 g·L~(-1)、10 g·L~(-1)。36 d后,G3组中紫贻贝特定生长率为(0.21±0.03)%·d-1,极显著高于其它混养组[(0.11±0.028)~(0.21±0.03)%·d-1,P0.01],而单养组的紫贻贝特定生长率仅为(0.063±0.022)%·d-1;G3组中披针形蜈蚣藻特定生长率为(0.96±0.20)%·d-1,极显著高于其它混养组[(0.62±0.16)~(0.96±0.20)%·d-1,P0.01]。G3组生态系统对营养盐(NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N、PO3-4-P)的去除率分别达到(91.38±1.40)%、(96.79±1.97)%、(98.38±2.06)%、(96.86±3.16)%,显著高于G2组(P0.05),而与G4和G5组没有显著性差异(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,当紫贻贝与披针形蜈蚣藻湿重比为1∶0.5时,可以取得较好的生态效应。 相似文献
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1994年浙江省对虾暴发性流行病病原及传播途径的初步调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用Ｔ—Ｅ染色、单克隆抗体的ＥＬＩＳＡ现场诊断、组织切片和Ｈ—Ｅ染色和电镜观察等不同方法对１９９４年浙江省乐清和温岭两地区虾池及海区样品进行了现场和实验室检查。结果说明，１９９４年浙江省对虾暴发性流行病实质上是杆状病毒性的皮下及造血组织坏死，病原为ＨＨＮＢＶ。检查到的ＨＰＶ不是这场暴发病的病原。对非对虾类生物和对虾鲜活饲料的单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ检测表明，海区张网饲料可能是１９９４年浙江对虾暴发性流行病的主要传染源，病虾池中除对虾外，其它甲壳类生物在该病的传播上可能也起到一定的作用。这些生物除了可能传播ＨＨＮＢＶ外，还可能传播ＨＰＶ。 相似文献
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应用分子系统发育学的方法, 以浙江沿海一海地瓜的18S rDNA和COI片段序列为分子标记,自行设计引物,进行了克隆, 结合来自GenBank 中10种海参的18S rDNA和COI 同源序列, 用邻接法和最大简约法构建系统进化树,并结合形态学特征对它们的分类地位进行了探讨.初步分析结果,基于此海地瓜的各形态学的研究,可以认为它属于海参纲芋参目;鉴于18S rDNA基因的分析,此海地瓜与拟刺参遗传距离为0.017亲缘关系非常近,可以认为它属于海参纲;从COI基因的角度分析,它虽然与怀玉参在系统树上聚成一枝,但支持率很低;仅为49%,遗传距离比较大,为0.223,不足以作为分析的依据. 相似文献
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Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Watermann BT Herlyn M Daehne B Bergmann S Meemken M Kolodzey H 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(8):621-630
In 2005, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas , were collected from May to September along the East Frisian coast and processed for histology. Because of mass mortalities in September, additional samples of moribund oysters and apparently healthy blue mussels, Mytilus edulis , were subjected to virological and ultrastructural investigation. The oysters displayed a variety of pathological conditions including viral gametocytic hypertrophy which is reported here for the first time from the German coast. Haemocyte aggregations in the digestive tract, in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, in the mid-gut gland and in the ventricle of the heart were commonly observed at some stations. In association with mass mortalities, severe gill necrosis occurred which may have contributed to the high mortality rates. Total mortality rates of up to approximately 60% were seen. All size classes and thus age classes of oysters were affected, with highest mortality rates within the youngest age classes which had just reached sexual maturity (shell lengths <40 mm). The smallest dead oysters had shell lengths of 10 mm. The phenomenon was mainly restricted to C. gigas stocks in harbours, probably because of favourable conditions for infection, i.e. limited water exchange, less food availability, reduced oxygen content and higher pollution levels. 相似文献
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Patricia Joana Dias Aurelien Dordor David Tulett Stuart Piertney Ian M Davies & Michael Snow 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(15):1715-1722
Mytilus trossulus and its hybrids with the native species Mytilus edulis and also Mytilus galloprovincialis have been recently detected in both farmed and natural populations of mussels in Scotland, adding complexity to the known M. edulis × M. galloprovincialis hybrid zone in Europe. Mytilus trossulus was first found in Scotland at aquaculture sites, where it was associated with significant losses in production and reductions in profitability. Mytilus trossulus and its hybrids have been identified at higher frequencies in farm stock than in natural intertidal populations, raising concerns about the potential wider impact of M. trossulus genotypes at mussel aquaculture sites in Scotland. The present study clarifies the composition of Mytilus species in cultivation at Scottish mussel aquaculture farms, by screening samples from 41 mussel aquaculture sites using a high-throughput real-time PCR methodology. Mytilus edulis alleles were detected at all sites. Mytilus galloprovincialis alleles were detected from samples collected at 39 sites, and M. trossulus alleles were found at five sites. Overall, M. trossulus genotypes were restricted in their geographical distribution. It is suggested that, in order to support the sustainability of the Scottish shellfish cultivation industry, the economic impact arising from the presence of M. trossulus could be limited through good management practice. 相似文献
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温州沿海3种双壳类营养成分比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了采自温州沿海的等边浅蛤、尖刀蛏和结蚶3种双壳类软体部的营养成分。试验结果表明,等边浅蛤、尖刀蛏和结蚶软体部干样中粗蛋白分别为58.11%、71.02%和59.17%,粗脂肪分别为14.98%、14.35%和10.62%,灰分分别为10.85%、9.05%和11.03%;总氨基酸分别为459.27、565.20mg/g和509.83 mg/g,必需氨基酸分别为157.33、197.03 mg/g和181.57 mg/g,呈味氨基酸分别为241.402、88.40 mg/g和258.60 mg/g;限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。等边浅蛤、尖刀蛏和结蚶软体部脂肪酸组成分别为22种、23种和21种,等边浅蛤和结蚶无C14:1,结蚶无C14:3;饱和脂肪酸分别为36.01%、28.85%和30.87%,不饱和脂肪酸分别为63.97%、71.25%和69.14%,单不饱和脂肪酸分别为23.18%、27.61%和26.20%,多不饱和脂肪酸分别为40.79%、43.64%和42.94%。3种双壳类均具有较高的食用价值和开发前景。 相似文献