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对2017―2021年参加新疆维吾尔自治区棉花品种区域试验的581个棉花品种（系）枯萎病、黄萎病的抗性进行分析，为新疆棉花抗病育种及品种推广提供参考。结果表明，581个品种（系）中未出现对枯萎病和黄萎病免疫的品种；对枯萎病的抗性水平较高且稳定，达到抗级及以上的占比在90%以上，其中2019年早中熟棉、2020年早熟棉和早中熟棉、各年彩色棉和长绒棉中抗级及以上的品种占比均为100%；除参试长绒棉品种（系）对黄萎病的抗性水平较高外，早熟棉、早中熟棉和彩色棉品种（系）均以耐病为主，5年中耐病的品种（系）平均占比为60.0%；长绒棉和早中熟棉品种（系）对黄萎病的总体抗性优于早熟棉，不同年份间彩色棉的黄萎病抗性波动较大。所有参试品种（系）的总体抗枯萎病指数（rF）远大于总体抗黄萎病指数（rV）和总体枯黄萎病兼抗指数（rFV），各年份均表现为rF＞rV＞rFV。可见，筛选出抗黄萎病的品种是新疆维吾尔自治区棉花品种区域试验中审定双抗棉花品种的关键。 相似文献
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选取4个棉花品种、5种植物生长调节剂，以喷施清水为对照，研究甲哌■单剂及其与调环酸钙、14-羟基芸薹素甾醇、胺鲜酯柠檬酸盐和复硝酚钠混配使用后，对不同棉花品种内源激素含量、农艺性状、产量和纤维品质的影响。结果发现，甲哌■及其混配处理均可显著降低不同棉花品种倒四叶吲哚-3-乙酸含量，并在不同程度上降低赤霉素含量，同时还可增加2个常规棉品种（中棉所119和中棉所117）内源细胞分裂素含量，显著降低株高。不同植物生长调节剂处理对4个棉花品种的纤维品质均无不利影响。与清水对照相比，各混配处理均可提高2个杂交种（中棉所112和中棉所70）的理论籽棉单产；但针对2个常规棉品种，仅甲哌■单剂和甲哌■+复硝酚钠处理可提高其理论籽棉单产。因此，不同的棉花品种在栽培管理过程中，应根据品种特性和对不同植物生长调节剂的敏感程度选择合适的化学调控配方。 相似文献
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对2016―2020年参加长江流域棉区区域试验的159个棉花新品种（系）对棉铃虫抗性的动态进行分析，为棉花抗虫育种及品种推广提供理论依据。参试品种（系）类型包含中熟常规棉、中熟杂交棉和早熟常规棉。结果表明，参试棉花品种（系）对棉铃虫的抗性水平较高，除2020年有4.35%的低抗品种（系）外，其他均为中抗或高抗，无不抗棉铃虫的品种（系）。多数年份以抗虫品种（系）为主。中熟杂交棉抗虫性多优于中熟常规棉，棉花苗期平均抗性多高于蕾铃期。5年参试品种（系）对棉铃虫的平均抗性值总体呈现波动上升趋势。 相似文献
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以辽宁棉花品种（系）为母本,黄河流域早熟品种（系）为父本,配制了12个杂交组合（F1）,进行配合力和相关性分析。研究结果表明：1）辽棉15号、辽棉17号的霜前子棉、皮棉和子棉、皮棉总产的一般配合力均较好,以这两个品种为亲本所配制的杂交组合产量一般都较高;2）辽棉17号×冀668和辽棉17号×石远321的特殊配合力较高,相应的纤维品质也较好;3）产量与单株铃数、铃重、衣分、果枝数之间有显著正相关;铃数与株高和果枝数显著正相关;绒长与强力值存在显著的正相关;4）绒长与麦克隆值存在显著的负相关;衣分与铃重、强力存在显著的负相关,绒长与整齐度存在显著的负相关,铃数与铃重存在显著的负相关。 相似文献
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集中成铃是棉花机械化采收的核心基础。实现成铃高峰期与光温富能期同步,是提高棉花产量、改善纤维品质和提高种植效益的根本途径。通过调控关键栽培技术,如筛选棉花品种、深松土壤扩库增容、适期播种一播全苗、苗期控氮控旺提弱、全生育期养分要素肥于盛蕾期一次性施用、按主茎日增长量进行精准化学调控、重施叶面肥、及时打顶、喷施催熟剂和脱叶剂等,可明显促进机采棉的集中成铃。应用机采棉集中成铃调控技术,可使铃聚度（光温富能期结铃数占全生育期总结铃数的比例）在80%以上,优质铃数和铃重明显增加,实现长江流域棉区机采棉大面积生产、收获、加工等全生产链示范的成功。介绍了机采棉集中成铃调控技术要点,为该技术在长江流域棉区的推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献