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1.
Reservoir‐Driven Heterogeneous Distribution of Recorded Human Puumala virus Cases in South‐West Germany 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Drewes H. Turni U. M. Rosenfeld A. Obiegala P. Straková C. Imholt E. Glatthaar K. Dressel M. Pfeffer J. Jacob C. Wagner‐Wiening R. G. Ulrich 《Zoonoses and public health》2017,64(5):381-390
Endemic regions for Puumala virus (PUUV) are located in the most affected federal state Baden‐Wuerttemberg, South‐West Germany, where high numbers of notified human hantavirus disease cases have been occurring for a long time. The distribution of human cases in Baden‐Wuerttemberg is, however, heterogeneous, with a high number of cases recorded during 2012 in four districts (H districts) but a low number or even no cases recorded in four other districts (L districts). Bank vole monitoring during 2012, following a beech (Fagus sylvatica) mast year, resulted in the trapping of 499 bank voles, the host of PUUV. Analyses indicated PUUV prevalences of 7–50% (serological) and 1.8–27.5% (molecular) in seven of eight districts, but an absence of PUUV in one L district. The PUUV prevalence differed significantly between bank voles in H and L districts. In the following year 2013, 161 bank voles were trapped, with reduced bank vole abundance in almost all investigated districts except one. In 2013, no PUUV infections were detected in voles from seven of eight districts. In conclusion, the linear modelling approach indicated that the heterogeneous distribution of human PUUV cases in South‐West Germany was caused by different factors including the abundance of PUUV RNA‐positive bank voles, as well as by the interaction of beech mast and the proportional coverage of beech and oak (Quercus spec.) forest per district. These results can aid developing local public health risk management measures and early warning models. 相似文献
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肠道寄生虫与菌群互作关系研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
肠道菌群是动物机体的重要组成部分，与寄生虫和宿主的关系十分密切。寄生虫感染往往会对宿主产生不利影响，其致病作用与寄生虫种类、寄生部位及其与宿主的相互作用有关。寄生虫感染可导致肠道微生态的改变、失调和炎症性疾病；肠道菌群也影响寄生虫在宿主体内的定植、增殖和毒力。肠道寄生虫包括寄生蠕虫和原虫，近年来对肠道寄生虫与菌群相互作用研究发现，无论是原虫还是蠕虫感染均可导致肠道微生物组成和多样性的改变，对宿主产生致病作用，而蠕虫对炎症性肠病的潜在治疗作用一度颠覆了以往人们对于寄生虫的认知。肠道菌群可促进或抑制寄生虫对宿主的致病作用，且益生菌对肠道寄生虫感染有一定的预防或治疗作用。目前对寄生虫与菌群相互作用的研究仍然处于初期阶段，对其相互作用的机制尚不清楚。明确寄生虫与肠道菌群的相互影响及其作用机制，对深入理解寄生虫－肠道菌群－宿主的相互关系、研发有效的抗寄生虫微生态制剂具有重要意义。作者就近年来肠道蠕虫和原虫与菌群相互作用的研究进展进行了综述，并对该领域未来的研究方向进行展望，以期为预防和控制寄生虫病提供新的策略和理论依据。 相似文献
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顶复门原虫包括一大类单细胞寄生性原虫,是人和动物的重要病原,会对人类健康以及畜牧业生产造成严重危害。γ-氨基丁酸是一种四碳非蛋白质氨基酸,广泛存在于生物体内。顶复门原虫的γ-氨基丁酸代谢旁路主要参与能量代谢,为虫体生长提供短期的能量储备,在虫体适应不同寄生环境过程中起着关键性作用。寄生原虫的γ-氨基丁酸代谢明显区别于哺乳动物宿主,仅限于中枢神经系统中的代谢,可在虫体入侵宿主细胞及有性生殖阶段发挥重要的作用。本文对顶复门原虫γ-氨基丁酸代谢途径及其生物学作用进行综述。 相似文献
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Alanazi Abdullah D. Said Ashraf E. Ghoneim Ahmed M. Alyousif Mohamed S. Alanazi Ibrahim O. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(1):89-98
A total of 1000 clinically healthy small ruminants comprising 500 sheep and 500 goats from five districts within Riyadh Province in Saudi Arabia were investigated by routine Giemsa staining for hematozoan parasites. Out of these, 100 sheep and 95 goat samples were investigated by PCR using three pairs of hemoprotozoan-specific primers. Based on microscopic examination, 33.2% of sheep and 25.2% of goats were found infected with hemoprotozoan parasites, while PCR detected hematozoan infection in 46% of sheep and 33.7% of goats. Extensive molecular characterization of hematozoan infection using six pairs of species-specific primers revealed the dominance of Theileria ovis, rather than any other species, which is recorded for the first time in small ruminants in Saudi Arabia. Prevalence of T. ovis in sheep and goats was found to be the highest in Riyadh (32, 48%) followed by AL-Kharj (31, 35%), Ad-Dawadimi (31, 33%), AL-Majmaah (15, 27%), and Rumah (17, 23%). The highest parasite prevalence was recorded in the 3 years of age and >?4 years of age ruminants, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in <?1 year of age ruminants. No noticeable differences in parasite prevalence between male or female ruminants were recorded. Partial sequencing of 18S rRNA gene revealed the infection of the studied ruminants with four new isolates of T. ovis. Further characterization of the pathogenicity and the clinical effects of these T. ovis isolates in sheep and goats is highly needed. The current results can be helpful in protecting and improving livestock industry in the countries that depend on a high number of small ruminants.
相似文献5.
The growth of Sarcocystis neurona, isolate UCD1, in continuous culture was examined in 10 cell lines to identify growth conditions and methods for the preparation of parasites free of gross host cell contamination for molecular studies. The unpredictable, slow release of merozoites in most cell lines prompted development of a method to synchronously release the parasites from infected host cells. The calcium ionophore A23187 at a concentration of 1 microM was found to release intracellular merozoites with a 40 min treatment at 37 degrees C. The release of merozoites en masse from attached host cells allowed for the rapid collection of relatively pure parasites from the culture supernatant. This release of merozoites occurred in five different host cell lines. The ionophore-released parasites were highly infectious for host cells and appeared to be morphologically identical to naturally released merozoites, except that the treated merozoites had an increased number of micronemes when examined by electron microscopy. The ionophore did not enhance the release of sporozoites from sporocysts, but freezing in the presence of 5% DMSO released sporozoites that were infectious to bovine monocytes in in vitro culture. 相似文献
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Qablan MA Sloboda M Jirků M Oborník M Dwairi S Amr ZS Hořín P Lukeš J Modrý D 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,186(3-4):456-460
DNA of two species of piroplasmids was detected in dromedaries during a survey of blood protozoans in Jordan between 2007 and 2009. Ten clinically healthy camels (10%) originating from three Jordanian districts were found, using a PCR assay, to harbor Theileria or Babesia species in their blood and no mix infection was determined. Analysis of the partial 18S rRNA gene sequences of these parasites allowed their unambiguous identification as equine piroplasmids Babesia caballi (n=6) and Theileria equi (n=4). In case of latter species, a novel genotype was found in horses. This first molecular-based species determination of piroplasmids from camels further contributes to the growing evidence of low host specificity of piroplasmids. 相似文献
8.
长链非编码RNA （long noncoding RNA,lncRNA）是一种核酸长度>200 nt、不编码或具有有限编码能力的RNA,早期一直被认为是遗传暗物质,但伴随分子生物学技术的进步,越来越多的lncRNAs被发掘。研究表明,lncRNA作为基因表达的关键调控因子,能在组蛋白修饰、转录调控和转录后调控等方面影响基因表达,几乎参与所有的细胞生物学过程。顶复门原虫是一类专性胞内寄生虫,入侵机制复杂,对顶复门原虫与宿主的互作研究已成为新型抗虫药物的研发基础。近年来研究发现,lncRNA作为一类新型调控因子广泛参与到顶复门原虫与宿主细胞相互作用中,包括感染免疫、发育分化和信号传导等细胞生物学过程,既可帮助宿主抵御寄生虫入侵,也可协助寄生虫在胞内增殖发育,对疾病的发生发展具有重要的调控作用。笔者通过对lncRNA的生物学分类及其在细胞生理过程中的主要功能进行概述,综合近年来lncRNA在以弓形虫、疟原虫和隐孢子虫为主要代表的顶复门原虫的相关研究,系统梳理了lncRNA在宿主免疫反应、寄生虫发育分化和表观遗传调控等方面的作用机制,以期为顶复门原虫致病机理研究及高效防控技术研发提供新的思路和参考。 相似文献
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Parasites are linked with their host in a trophic interaction with implications for both hosts and parasites. Interaction stretches from the host's immune response to the structuring of communities and the evolution of biodiversity. As in many species sex determines life history strategy, response to parasites may be sex-specific. Males of vertebrate species tend to exhibit higher rates of parasites than females. Sex-associated hormones may influence immunocompetence and are hypothesised to lead to this bias. In a field study, we tested the prediction of male biased parasitism (MBP) in free ranging chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra), which are infested intensely by gastrointestinal and lung helminths. We further investigated sex differences in faecal androgen (testosterone and epiandrosterone), cortisol and oestrogen metabolites using enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to evaluate the impact of these hormones on sex dependent parasite susceptibility. Non-invasive methods were used and the study was conducted throughout a year to detect seasonal patterns. Hormone levels and parasite counts varied significantly throughout the year. Male chamois had a higher output of gastrointestinal eggs and lungworm larvae when compared to females. The hypothesis of MBP originating in sex related hormone levels was confirmed for the elevated output of lungworm larvae, but not for the gastrointestinal nematodes. The faecal output of lungworm larvae was significantly correlated with androgen and cortisol metabolite levels. Our study shows that sex differences in steroid levels play an important role to explain MBP, although they alone cannot fully explain the phenomenon. 相似文献
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S Mukaratirwa T Hove J B Esmann C J Hoj A Permin P Nansen 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2001,68(3):183-186
A survey to determine the nematode species in rural chickens reared extensively was carried out in six districts of Zimbabwe. Two-hundred-and-seventy chickens were randomly collected from the districts and processed for helminth recovery. One genus and 10 species were identified from the gastrointestinal tract but no parasites were found in the respiratory tract and eyes. Skrjabinocerca sp., Capillaria obsignata, Capillaria contorta and Trichostrongylus tenuis are new records in Zimbabwe. Allodapa brumpti and Tetrameres americana were the most common species with a prevalence of 64.8% and 64.1%, respectively. 相似文献
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D. Wakelin 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1996,19(4):255-265
Zoonoses involving parasites are both common and important, some causing serious diseases. The abilities of such parasites to pass between humans and a variety of vertebrates facilitates their use as experimental model systems. Much can be learned about the host-parasite relationships of zoonotic infections from laboratory-based studies, particularly where it is possible to make use of defined parasite isolates in a variety of host species or in genetically defined strains of a given host. This review focuses on our current understanding of the immunological influences upon host-parasite interactions involving zoonotic parasites and on how such influences are modified by the genetic variability found in populations of both hosts and parasites. Particular emphasis is given to data arising from work with the intestinal parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis and other isolates of the genus Trichinella. 相似文献
13.
Groups of mice were vaccinated twice with soluble extracts of embryonated eggs, females or males of Toxocara canis, or horse serum, and infected with 2,000 homologous embryonated eggs. Recovery of larvae on the fifth day by digestion of mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lung, brain, and carcass revealed a slight but nonsignificant protection elicited by the parasite materials. Other groups were immunized by homologous infections. A single, 200-day-old infection increased importantly the number of larvae resulting from a challenge, possibly by inducing an immunosuppression in the host. Two infections given within 11 months protected partially against the larvae of a challenge, particularly by trapping the parasites in the liver. Transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells from twice infected mice reduced the total number of parasites, and the liver and lung parasitism of a challenge in the recipients, whereas transfer of serum decreased the total number of parasites and the brain and carcass parasitism. The combination of cells and serum acted synergistically in lungs and brain but antagonistically in liver and carcass. 相似文献
14.
W I Morrison 《Veterinary parasitology》1987,25(2):163-176
The first part of this presentation considers some of the complexities of parasitic infections and parasite-specific effector mechanisms which have hampered the development of practical methods of immunisation against parasitic diseases. In the second part, an outline is given of the effector mechanisms involved in immunity of cattle to the protozoan parasite Theileria parva. Parasites are antigenically complex organisms which often have distinct developmental stages, sometimes with different predilection sites within the host. Antigenic polymorphism between strains is a common feature of parasites and sometimes results in strain-specific immunity. Certain parasites have also evolved mechanisms of modulating surface antigens which allow them to escape host effector mechanism. Effector mechanisms which control parasitic infections may operate by preventing establishment of the parasites, by eliminating the parasites once they have established or by affecting growth or fecundity of the parasites. In addition to specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, inflammatory or physiological responses play an important role in the control of some parasites. Current evidence suggests that effector mechanisms against T.parva parasites operate at two levels. First, antibodies produced against the infective stage of the parasite, the sporozoite, can, by neutralising infectivity, reduce the numbers of organisms which establish in the host. Second, cytotoxic T cells directed against parasitised lymphoblasts cause destruction of parasites following their establishment in the host. Moreover, in situations where immunity is parasite strain-specific, the cytotoxic T cell responses have also been found to be strain-specific. The elucidation of these effector mechanisms has indicated potential new strategies of immunisation against T.parva. 相似文献
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B.A. Kimeto 《Veterinary parasitology》1980,7(1):25-32
Ultrastructural studies of Theileria parva in the bovine skin revealed ‘infective particles’ of the parasite. These parasite forms were pleomorphic and were found extracellular or within host lymphoid cells, neutrophils and erythrocytes. The parasites were a product of extracellular schizogony. They were phagocytosed by the host leucocytes but seemed actively to invade the erythrocytes. Several extracellular uninucleate schizonts were also observed. The presence of extracellular infective particles, uninucleate schizonts and multinucleate schizonts, some showing schizogony, suggests an extracellular life cycle of T. parva within bovine tissue. 相似文献
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Abo-Shehada MN Batainah T Abuharfeil N Torgerson PR 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2003,59(1-2):13-19
From December 1998 to December 1999, heads of 520 local goats slaughtered at the Irbid, Ramtha and Howarra Abattoirs (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L(1)-L(3)) of Oestrus ovis. Of 520 heads, 126 (24%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. All three larval instars were observed in both sexes; all age groups were infested in each month of the year. The mean age of the goats sampled was 1.5 years. The numbers of parasites infesting hosts showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation with sheep age (r(sp)=0.31-0.42) for all three larval instars. The numbers of larvae in each host followed an overdispersed distribution, which fit a negative-binomial model (but not a Poisson distribution). There were more parasites recorded in the presence of purulent discharge or laryngitis, fewer in the presence of catarrhal discharge and no association with pharyngitis sinusitis, or rhinitis. 相似文献
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本文描述了长距茧蜂的形态特征，并研究了它的生物学特性，该蜂在重庆地区一年发生７—８代，以老熟幼虫在树隙、落叶、草丛中结茧越冬，可行孤雌生殖，成虫雌性多于雄性，该蜂寄生于桑螟幼龄幼虫、幼虫老熟时被寄生致死，平均寄生率达３６％，为寄生于桑螟幼虫体内的优势天敌，该蜂对桑螟的寄生在时间上具有明显的跟随现象，桑园内人工繁蜂放蜂可提高其寄生率。 相似文献
19.
H R Gamble 《Journal of animal science》1987,64(1):328-336
Vaccination against animal parasites offers an alternative to chemotherapy for the control of losses due to morbidity and mortality. However, only a few vaccines are currently available, and these are based on controlled infections with living parasites. Further advancement in the development of defined vaccines against parasite infections has been hindered by incomplete knowledge of the immunological relationship between the host and the parasite. The advent of monoclonal antibody technology has provided a powerful new tool for the identification and isolation of parasite antigens. Exploitation of this technique in veterinary parasitology has greatly facilitated progress toward the development of vaccines against several animal parasites. 相似文献
20.
一氧化氮和寄生虫感染 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一氧化氮（nitrogen monoxide,NO）抗寄生虫感染的作用是可以抑制或杀死寄生虫，也可对机体产生病理作用。本文就NO的生物特性、作用机制、与寄生虫感染的关系及影响因素进行了综述。 相似文献