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1.
本研究比较分析了不同光照周期(全黑暗D、光照:黑暗10L:14D、光照:黑暗14L:10D、全光照L)对日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicas)生长、蜕皮和糖代谢的影响。结果显示,随着光照时间的延长,日本囊对虾的存活率(SR)、特定生长率(SGR)和蜕皮率(MF)逐渐降低,到第49天时,L组日本囊对虾死亡率达100%。实验结束时,D组SR、SGR和MF显著高于10L:14D组和14L:10D组(P<0.05),分别为(60.000±2.722)%、(6.966±0.686)%/d和(4.667±0.363)%/d,但10L:14D组和14L:10D组间的SR、SGR和MF差异不显著。不同光照周期对日本囊对虾体内蜕皮抑制激素(MIH)和蜕皮激素(EH)浓度有显著影响。第30天时,D组MIH浓度显著低于10L:14D、14L:10D和L组(P<0.05),10L:14D和14L:10D组MIH浓度显著低于L组(P<0.05),10L:14D和14L:10D组间差异不显著;第60天时,D组MIH浓度显著低于10L:14D和14L:10D组(P<0.05),但2组间差异不显著;随着光照时间的延长,日本囊对虾体内EH浓度不断降低,第30天时,D组EH浓度显著高于10L:14D、14L:10D和L组(P<0.05),10L:14D、14L:10D和L组相比差异不显著;第60天时,D组EH浓度显著高于10L:14D和14L:10D组(P<0.05),但2组间差异不显著。不同光照周期显著影响日本囊对虾的糖代谢,不同处理组血清中的5-羟色胺(5-HT)、高血糖激素(CHH)和肝胰腺中的糖原磷酸化酶(GP)的变化趋势与上述MIH浓度变化趋势一致,而肝胰腺中糖原合酶(GS)的变化趋势与MIH浓度变化趋势相反。研究表明,日本囊对虾最适宜生长的环境为全黑暗状态。  相似文献   

2.
采用静态毒理学方法研究了不同碳酸盐碱度(3.5,5,6.5,8 mmol/L)胁迫对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)生存、生长、繁殖及免疫酶活性的影响。结果表明,碳酸盐碱度对脊尾白虾的96 h LC_(50)值为8.73 mmol/L(p H约为9.15);脊尾白虾的死亡率、特定生长率、抱卵率、孵化率、性腺发育及变态幼体成活率随碱度的上升而降低,3.5 mmol/L的低碳酸盐碱度对脊尾白虾生长繁殖影响不显著(P≥0.05),高于该碱度则会显著降低其生长及繁殖能力(P0.05);随着碳酸盐碱度胁迫时间的增加,各碱度胁迫组脊尾白虾鳃和肝胰腺中的免疫酶活性均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。研究结果表明,脊尾白虾具有较高的碳酸盐碱度耐受性,碳酸盐碱度为3.5 mmol/L时对生长和繁殖影响不显著,高于5 mmol/L时影响显著;高碳酸盐碱度胁迫下脊尾白虾可以通过调节免疫酶的活性更好地适应高碱环境。  相似文献   

3.
选取450尾欧洲舌齿鲈（）幼鱼，体长（13.50±0.52）cm，体重（46.04±0.61）g，监测其在5种光周期（0L：24D、8L：16D、12L：12D、16L：8D、24L：0D，L表示光照时间，D表示黑暗时间）下的生长、摄食及肌肉营养成分等相关指标。实验周期为60 d。结果表明，8L：16D处理组的欧洲舌齿鲈的日增重系数显著高于其他各组（<0.05）；0L：24D和8L：16D处理组粗脂肪含量分别较16L：8D处理组分别提高了19.70%和21.67%（<0.05）。5种光周期下的欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼肌肉中均检测到17种氨基酸，其中8L：16D和12L：12D处理组的肌肉中氨基酸总含量较0L：24D组分别提高11.60%和9.16%（>0.05）；肌肉中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）与二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）总含量在8L：16D处理组中最高，为14.21%，在0L：24D处理组中最低，为12.30%。不同光照周期对欧洲舌齿鲈幼鱼生长、摄食和肌肉营养品质均产生了不同程度的影响，综上所述，8L：16D和12L：12D光照环境更适宜欧洲舌齿鲈的生长。  相似文献   

4.
为探讨碳酸盐碱度对脊尾白虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）生长及卵巢发育的影响。本研究设置3 mmol/L（对照组）、5 mmol/L和8 mmol/L 3种碳酸盐碱度梯度养殖脊尾白虾60天,比较不同碳酸盐碱度胁迫对脊尾白虾生长性能、组织结构、酶活性以及卵巢发育的影响,结果显示：5 mmol/L组与对照组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。肝胰腺组织切片显示,5 mmol/L组中部分B细胞体积增大,部分转运泡内出现颗粒物质,8 mmol/L组管腔的形态结构严重变形。鳃组织切片显示,5 mmol/L组出现轻微鳃丝肿大现象,角质层略有变形,且角质层下间隙扩张变长,上皮细胞与支柱细胞排列紊乱;8 mmol/L组鳃丝肿大,排列不规则,出现血细胞肿胀现象,鳃丝上皮细胞严重破坏,毛细血管网结构形态改变,角质层下间隙变形。肌肉组织酶活性测定结果显示,5mmol/L组的碳酸酐酶活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Na+/K+-ATP酶活性在肌肉中差异不显著（P>0.05）;肝胰腺组织酶活性测定结果显示,碳酸酐酶在肝胰腺组织中差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,鳃组织中,5 mmol/L和8 mmol/L组鳃组织中和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且两组间差异显著。卵巢发育统计结果显示,三组脊尾白虾卵巢均能发育,其发育至Ⅱ期的百分比分别为20.51%、10.52%和6.25%,其中5 mmol/L组与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;3 mmol/L组和5 mmol/L组均有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾,但两组差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组未见有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾。卵巢组织切片显示,8 mmol/L组卵原细胞细胞排列疏松,周围滤泡细胞排列疏松且数量较少。综上所述,脊尾白虾可以在低于8 mmol/L的碳酸盐碱度中生长发育,但高碳酸盐碱度可能会造成脊尾白虾鳃和肝胰腺组织损伤,导致其生长受到影响,同时猜测高碳酸盐碱度可能也会影响卵巢的发育速度。  相似文献   

5.
紫外光A波段(Ultraviolet A, UVA)是自然光的重要组成部分,具有一定的生态功能。本研究选取450尾体重为(9.56±0.10) g的凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus vannamei)以光周期为12L︰12D的全光谱LED灯[光强(1.00±0.02) W/m2]作为背景光源,在不同UVA [光强(1.00±0.02) W/m2]补光时间(0 h, T0 h; 2 h, T2 h; 4 h, T4 h; 8 h, T8 h; 12 h, T12 h)下进行为期28 d的养殖实验。结果显示,在不同UVA补光时长下,对虾肌肉中水分和粗灰分含量无显著差异,T2 h和T4 h组的粗脂肪含量显著增加,T2 h组的粗蛋白显著高于T4 h组外的其他组(P<0.05),T8 h和T12 h组的粗脂肪显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),但两组间差异不显著;T2 h和T4 h组氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量和赖氨酸含量均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);凡纳滨对虾饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为27.85%~40.70%,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为10.63%~16.31%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为38.81%~49.61%,其在T2 h和T4 h组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),且在两组间无显著差异。综上所述,2~4 h的UVA补光时间能够改善凡纳滨对虾肌肉的营养成分。  相似文献   

6.
不同溶氧条件下黄颡鱼免疫机能及抗病力的研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
研究了水温(28.4±1.0)℃时不同溶氧条件下(A组:(2.28±0.56)mg/L;B组:(4.04±0.38)mg/L;C组:(6.51±0.64)mg/L;D组:(9.11±1.24)mg/L)饲养8周后,黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)的免疫机能及对嗜水气单胞菌(Aerom onas hydrophila)的抗病力。结果显示:A组脾脏系数、吞噬百分率极显著低于其他3组(P<0.01),淋巴细胞转化率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05),红细胞数(RBC)显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),白细胞数(WBC)显著高于C、D两组(P<0.05);B组脾脏系数极显著低于C、D两组(P<0.01),吞噬百分率和淋巴细胞转化率显著低于C、D两组(P<0.05),攻毒1周后,A组受试鱼累积死亡率显著高于B组(P<0.05),极显著高于C、D两组(P<0.01)。表明慢性低氧胁迫抑制了黄颡鱼免疫机能。饲养8周后各组黄颡鱼血清皮质醇水平和溶菌酶活力差异均不显著(P>0.05),表明这两个指标不宜作为鱼类慢性胁迫中的应激信号。  相似文献   

7.
为探究隐花色素基因(cryptochrome,cry)在甲壳类中的节律调节功能,本研究根据脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)转录组序列,利用RACE技术获得了脊尾白虾cry1基因cDNA序列全长并对其进行功能分析。脊尾白虾cry1基因全长2190bp,开放阅读框1845bp,5’端非编码区为241bp,3’端非编码区为104bp,共翻译出614个氨基酸,预测蛋白质的分子质量为70.5kDa,理论等电点为5.09。同源性分析显示,脊尾白虾cry1基因与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannameiS)的同源性最高,为71.6％。荧光定量分析结果表明,脊尾白虾cry1基因在眼柄、鳃、心脏、胃、肝胰腺、性腺、肌肉、肠道和腹索神经中均有表达,其中眼柄的表达量最高,性腺和心脏次之；不同时段的表达结果表明,其表达量在日节律(24h)中表现出先下降再上升的趋势。不同光色条件下RNA干扰(RNA interference,SRNAi)结果显示,注射后3~6h蓝光光照下脊尾白虾cry1基因的表达量显著高于白光光照,9~24h蓝色和白色光照下的表达量无显著差异,而RNA干扰组的表达量显著低于对照组,此结果显示cry1基因可能主要响应蓝光周期节律。目前对甲壳类生物钟的研究较少,该研究为深入探究甲壳类生物钟基因的调控机制提供帮助。  相似文献   

8.
为比较不同地理群体脊尾白虾亲本的繁殖特性,采用常规生物学和统计回归分析方法,对大丰、如东、启东、奉贤、宁海等不同地理群体的脊尾白虾亲本进行了比较研究。结果显示：不同地理群体脊尾白虾繁殖亲本的总性比(♀/♂)均小于1,不同群体之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各群体脊尾白虾抱卵个体的绝对繁殖力为1 699.10～2 733.72粒,个体体长相对繁殖力为275.93～404.36粒/cm,个体体质量相对繁殖力为455.31～596.26粒/g,不同群体之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);不同地理群体脊尾白虾繁殖亲本的绝对繁殖力F与体长L、体质量W均存在着显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,不同地理群体脊尾白虾的繁殖特性已出现分化或分化的趋势。  相似文献   

9.
采用正交实验法,研究了不同光色(白光,A1;蓝光,A2;红光,A3)、光周期(24L︰0D,B1;12L︰12D,B2;8L︰16D,B3)和光强(0.88 W/m2,C1;4.55 W/m2,C2;8.60 W/m2,C3)对循环水养殖系统中体质量(850.97±82.77)g的大西洋鲑(Salmo salar)生长和摄食的影响。实验设A1B1C1(1)、A1B2C2(2)、A1B3C3(3)、A2B1C2(4)、A2B2C3(5)、A2B3C1(6)、A3B1C3(7)、A3B2C1(8)、A3B3C2(9)9个处理组,在相应设定条件下饲养180 d。结果表明,在光色为红光、光周期为12L︰12D和光强8.60 W/m2条件下大西洋鲑的成活率最高,但光色、光周期和光强对成活率的影响差异不显著(P0.05);实验期间各组鱼的相对增重率和肥满度差异均不显著(P0.05);至第120天,2、5、6组鱼的体长特定生长率显著高于1组(P0.05);至第180天,1、2、4、7、8组鱼的体质量特定生长率显著高于6组(P0.05),1、2、3、4、7、8、9组鱼的日增重显著高于6组(P0.05),9组鱼的体质量变异系数显著低于7组(P0.05)。9组鱼血浆中生长激素显著高于1、2、3、4、6、7和8组(P0.05);摄食率、饲料转化效率和饲料系数最佳时的光照条件为:红光、12L︰12D、8.60 W/m2,但光色、光周期和光强对摄食率、饲料转化效率及饲料系数的影响差异不显著(P0.05)。本实验条件下,较为适宜的光照条件是:红光、12L:12D、8.60 W/m2。  相似文献   

10.
在水温25.2～28.2℃下,将半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)(体质量120.65±1.57g)饲养于底面积为0.75m2的圆形水族内(30尾/箱),用黑塑料布遮光,研究了4种光照周期(0L/24D,6L/18D,18L/6D,24L/0D)对生长和抗氧化指标的影响。28 d的饲养结果表明:光照周期为6L/18D时,饲料系数最低、增重率和净增重最大;光照周期为18L/6D时,血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力最高,而在24L/0D光照周期下,肝脏中SOD比活力最高,在四种光照周期下,脾脏、肾脏SOD比活力差异不显著(P>0.05);光照周期为6L/18D时,血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力最高,6L/18D组鱼脾脏中CAT比活力显著高于其他组(P<0.05);肝脏、肾脏中CAT的比活力差异不显著(P>0.05);肝脏的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均显著高于血清、脾脏和肾脏,6L/18D组鱼肝脏中(GSH含量显著高于0L/24D组和24L/0D组(P<0.05);6L/18D组血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于其他组(P<0.05),肝脏中0L/24D组MDA含量最低,18L/6D组MDA含量显著高于0L/24D组(P<0.05),6L/18D组鱼脾脏、肾脏中MDA含量最低。光照周期为6L/18D时最适合半滑舌鳎生长。  相似文献   

11.
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1).  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration.  相似文献   

14.
对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。  相似文献   

15.
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph.  相似文献   

16.
Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species.  相似文献   

17.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds.  相似文献   

18.
The recruitment strategy of swimming crabs, Portunus trituberculatus, was investigated by field observations and numerical experiments in Hiuchi-Nada, Japan. Calculated dispersal patterns of zoeal and megalopal stages in a three-dimensional numerical model reproduce observed patterns accurately. The temporal change of vertical migration patterns between the 1st and 2nd zoeas and the 3rd and 4th zoeas plays an important role in the process of recruitment of P. trituberculatus from spawning ground to nursery ground.  相似文献   

19.
This study aimed to find out if dietary carotenoid (CD) supplement could make differences in survival, growth, pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity of characins Hyphessobrycon callistus, an ornamental fish. Two types of CD and its combination (AX — astaxanthin, BC — β-carotene, MX — 1:1 combination of AX and BC) at three concentrations (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were used resulting in nine pigmented diets. A diet without CD supplement served as control. No differences in growth and survival of the fish among treatments were found after 8 weeks rearing. Disregarding the types of dietary CD, AX dominated (> 98%) the body CD, indicating that this fish converted most dietary BC into body AX for storage. Body AX and BC content increased with increasing dietary CD concentration. Body AX in BC-fed fish was lower than that in both AX- and MX-fed fish. No difference in body AX was found between AX- and MX-fed fish, and in body BC in all pigmented fish. Serum total antioxidant status [TAS], serum antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidases [GPx]) and serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) were chosen as indices of fish antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities changed with dietary CD type and concentration. Pigmented fish had lower SOD, GPx and ALT than control fish; dietary CD types only affected SOD and ALT in fish. AX-fed fish had the lowest SOD. Dietary AX had more numbers of negative correlations with antioxidant parameters in fish than BC.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Effects of salinity on embryonic development and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae were studied. Eggs were incubated at 27-29°C in 2,4,6,8, and 10 ppt sodium chloride. Rate of embryonic development was delayed in all salt solutions by 15, 15,28 and 30 minutes, in 2,4,6, and 8 ppt sodium chloride, respectively, when compared with the control group (0% salt); total mortality occurred at 12 hours after gastrula stage in the 10 ppt concentration. Percentage hatching was 45.1,47.7, 59.5,49.2, and 26.6% while percentage deformity was 10.4, 16.1, 52.0, 28.6, and 71.6% in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppt salt treatments, respectively. There were significant differences (P <0.05) in the hatching percentage and in deformity percentage between 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of yolk absorption was significantly faster in the control and 2 ppt salt treatments, but slower in 4, 6, and 8 ppt. Rate of increase in length was slower with increasing salinity. The optimum salinity for African catfish eggs and was between 0-2 ppt and acceptable up to 6 ppt. The results suggest that increasing salinity delayed hatching and development of African catfish eggs and larvae, respectively, as well as increased the deformity of the larvae.  相似文献   

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