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1.
构建植物病原菌突变体库是进行新基因发掘和功能基因组学研究的有效途径之一。为了快速准确地确定Tn5的插入位点和相应的功能基因,本研究采用TAIL-PCR和Tn5转座子质粒拯救两种技术对本实验室在筛选Tn5转座子插入水稻条斑病菌的突变体库过程中获得的8个在水稻上毒性减弱的突变体进行了鉴别。结果显示,TAIL-PCR和Tn5质粒拯救相互结合使用,可有效鉴别Tn5的插入位点和相应的功能基因。TAIL-PCR明确的5株突变体是Tn5分别插入在gspF、cAMP-regulatory protein、Integral membrane protease subunit、S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme和gpsJ 基因上从而导致水稻条斑病菌的毒性发生了改变;Tn5质粒拯救法明确的3株突变体是Tn5分别插入在pathogencity protein、conserved hypothetical protein和flagellum-specific ATP synthase 基因上。同源分析发现,8株突变体Tn5插入的基因与已基因组测序的BLS256菌株中的基因同源性达100%。这表明,TAIL-PCR和Tn5质粒拯救技术可有效应用于植物病原菌Tn5突变体库的鉴别和目标基因的分离。 相似文献
2.
为促进黄瓜功能基因组学研究,本研究开展了黄瓜T-DNA插入突变体快速构建与鉴定方法的研究。基于对黄瓜遗传转化体系农杆菌侵染活力和共培养条件的优化,本研究以绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因为插入片段,进行黄瓜T-DNA插入突变体的创制,并利用荧光显微镜进行快速鉴定,最后采用TAIL-PCR技术对突变体进行分子鉴定,确定突变位点。结果表明,选取农杆菌侵染液在活化至12~18 h时具有最佳的活力和浓度,而最佳共培养温度为23℃。采用体式荧光显微镜快速鉴定,从2 978个转化外植体中鉴定得到3株表达GFP再生苗,转化率为1.00‰。TAIL-PCR成功鉴定了一个突变体,其插入位点位于CsaV3_1G032940基因的第10个外显子中,该基因在拟南芥中的同源基因为AT4G18950 (blue light-dependent H+-ATPase phosphorylation 1,BHP1),参与蓝光介导的气孔开放过程,但在正常栽培环境中该突变体的T0植株与野生型无差异。本研究结果对黄瓜功能基因组学研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
激发标签技术用于水稻功能基因组的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,一种新的构建植物突变体的方法一激发标签技术(Activationtagging)已有效地用于功能基因的鉴定与克隆.此方法已在拟南芥等植物中分离了多个功能基因.该方法与其它创造突变体方法相比有以下优势:①插入位点上下游基因超表达后产生功能获得突变;②可用于QTL基因的鉴定与克隆;③T-DNA插入基因所引起的功能丧失突变;④用质粒挽救的方法直接从基因组DNA中克隆功能基因,避免了T-DNA或转座子突变分离功能基因的不便.另一方面,大部分重要的农艺性状包括抗病、抗逆、高产、优质等受QTL所控制. 相似文献
4.
本文通过将致病疫霉不同菌株接种到拟南芥Col-0生态型激活标签突变体上，筛选出了感致病疫霉的类型，以筛选出的拟南芥感病突变体基因组DNA为模板，利用热不对称交错PCR方法(Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR，TAIL-PCR)，进行了抗性相关基因的研究。通过TAIL-PCR技术，获得了拟南芥T-DNA插入侧翼序列，利用拟南芥基因组全测序的优势，通过NCBI进行序列的同源性比对找到相应的基因。结果发现，TAIL-PCR可以有效地扩增T-DNA插入侧翼拟南芥基因组序列，AD1，AD2，和AD4是最佳随机引物。对8个TAIL-PCR特异产物测序分析，证明3个T-DNA插入在基因上。 相似文献
5.
瓜类细菌性果斑病(bacterial fruit blotch,BFB)是由西瓜噬酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli,Ac)引起的一种病害,严重为害西瓜、甜瓜的叶片和果实,造成大量减产.迄今,对该病害的研究主要集中在病原菌鉴定、病原菌检测技术、病害防治方法、品种抗病性鉴定等方面,而对病原菌的致病机理仍然知之甚少.本实验以西瓜噬酸菌xjl12菌株为背景构建转座子(mini-Tn5)插入的突变体文库,以哈密瓜(Cucumis melo var.saccharinus)为实验材料,通过对哈密瓜种子浸种处理和子叶注射接种的方法筛选突变体,而后利用同源重组的方法获得插入突变体,并对所得的突变株及野生型、互补等各个菌株进行致病性、游动性等相关表型进行测定.研究结果表明,通过文库筛选得到的1株致病力明显下降的突变体,亚克隆鉴定可知该突变体△xj-25的Mini-Tn5插入位点为吡哆醛磷酸生物合成蛋白基因(pdxJ基因),其功能主要与吡哆醛磷酸(俗称VB6)生物合成蛋白相关.突变菌株△Pdx.J致病性显著下降,生长能力、游动性明显降低,无法正常形成鞭毛和产生生物膜.通过外源添加VB6可恢复其致病性和生长能力等主要表型.本研究证明VB6生物合成在致病性、生长能力以及鞭毛的合成等方面发挥着重要作用,为降低病原菌侵害提供了一个新的思路. 相似文献
6.
野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜变种(简称Xcc)是十字花科作物黑腐病的病原菌。在前期工作中,从Xcc8004菌株获得1株编号为XC1892的基因的转座子Tn5gusA5突变体,其致病力降低。根据基因组注释,XC1892编码1个DsbE蛋白,参与细胞色素的合成。为评估XC1892的功能,采用自杀质粒pK18mob对XC1892进行诱变,获得非极性突变体1892nk。对突变体的表型分析发现,其致病力及胞外多糖产量分别是野生型的59%和55%。用一段包含XC1892基因的DNA片段对突变体1982nk进行功能互补,其致病力和胞外多糖产量基本得到恢复。这表明XC1892基因与Xcc的致病力和胞外多糖合成产量有关。 相似文献
7.
质粒营救法和TAIL-PCR法获得水稻 T-DNA旁邻序列的效率比较 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
获得突变体中T-DNA的旁邻序列是通过反向遗传学进行功能基因研究的重要手段。实验比较了用质粒营救法和TAIL-PCR法获得T-DNA在水稻(Oryza sativa）基因组中旁邻序列的效率。利用质粒营救法获得T-DNA在水稻中的旁邻序列效率可高达900左右，而利用TAIL-PCR法的效率只有62％。质粒营救法和TAIL-PCR法获得的旁邻序列中水稻基因组DNA的效率分别是80％左右和89％左右。根据实验结果，质粒营救法从转基因植株获得的旁邻序列，水稻基因组DNA的效率是72％，比TAIL-PCR法高18％。 相似文献
8.
青枯雷尔氏菌Tn5转座子无致病力突变株构建及其生物学特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)是植物细菌性青枯病的病原菌,为研制植物疫苗菌剂提供遗传稳定且突变位点明确的青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力菌株,本研究利用EZ-Tn5转座子随机插入青枯雷尔氏菌(Rs91)构建青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变体库,通过电击转化,筛选获得13株具有无致病力菌株形态的突变株。研究了其中5株突变株的插入位点和生物学特性,结果表明,其插入位点分别位于phcA和pchS基因,其生长速率和相对胞外多糖含量显著低于Rs91,而最适pH值和温度未改变。其发酵液经分光光度计扫描,结果显示,突变株在同一波长下的光吸收值均大于Rs91,经聚类分析,显示它们与Rs91可聚为不同的3类,即Rs91为第Ⅰ类,phcA基因突变株为第Ⅱ类,phcS基因突变株为第Ⅲ类。经番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)盆栽苗致病力检测,15d后均未发病,确定为无致病力青枯雷尔氏菌。本研究为研制防治青枯病的植物疫苗菌剂提供了基础资料。 相似文献
9.
嗜麦芽窄食假单胞菌Streptinomonas maltophilia YHJ-1是一株能高效降解羽毛角蛋白的菌株;该菌对卡那霉素等多种抗生素不敏感。本实验利用携带Tn5转座酶和卡那霉素抗性转座质粒pRL27和含氯霉素抗性基因盒的pMCm质粒,构建了以氯霉素抗性作为选择标记的转座质粒pRH30。以E. coli UQ3021/pRH30为供体,通过双亲本杂交,构建了S. maltophilia YHJ-1的插入突变体文库,该库共含1246个转化子。随机挑选4个突变子的氯霉素抗性检测和PCR扩增测序分析结果显示文库是可靠的。已从文库中筛选出3株不能降解羽毛转化子,表明利用氯霉素抗性的转座质粒pRH30来构建菌株YHJ-1的突变体是克隆其相关基因并进行遗传分析的有效方法。 相似文献
10.
瓜类细菌性果斑病(bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon,BFB)是近年来发生在西瓜、甜瓜等葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)植物上的重要细菌病害,由西瓜噬酸菌(Acidovorax citrulli,Ac)引起.本研究以xjL12菌株为背景构建了转座子(Tn5)插入文库.通过注射接种哈密瓜(Cucumis melo var.saccharinus)子叶和烟草叶片进行突变体的筛选,得到l株致病性完全丧失并失去激发烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)过敏反应的突变体△xj48.对△xj48中转座子插入基因的克隆和测序表明,其突变基因为西瓜噬酸菌Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS)中的保守基因hpaP.利用基因重组技术构建了hpaP基因的突变体,发现hpaP突变后影响了xjL12菌株的游动性、生物膜的形成能力及hrcV基因的表达.hpaP基因的互补菌株部分恢复其致病力.本研究证实了果斑病菌中的hpaP基因与该细菌的致病力相关,在侵染瓜类作物的过程中起着不可缺失的作用. 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献