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本研究阐述了运用工业化养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的一种方法。用热休克阻断受精卵第二次减数分裂的方法获得三倍体。用下列热休克参数得到了最佳结果（三倍体率８０％－１００％；胚胎存活率是对照组的５０％－７０％）：受精后６分钟开始（休克前的孵化温度是２０℃），温度为４０或４１℃，时间为２或１．５分钟。该技术可大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼，因此可以研究工业化养鱼条件下三倍体的性能。 相似文献
2.
用热休克和工业养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究阐述了运用工业化养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的一种方法。用热休克阻断受精卵第二次减数分裂的方法获得得三倍体。用下列热休克参数得到了最佳结果（三倍体率８０％－１０％；胚胎存活率是对照组的５０％－７０％）；受精后６分钟开始（休克前的孵化温度是２０℃），温度为４０或４１℃，时间为２或１．５分钟。该技术可大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼，因此可以研究工业化养鱼条件下三倍体的性能。 相似文献
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采用细胞松驰素Ｂ（Ｃ．Ｂ）处理法，研究了诱导中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）三倍体、四倍体的可能性和处理条件。实验所用Ｃ．Ｂ浓度为０．５～２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理的起始时间分别在受精后１０～２５ｍｉｎ（诱导三倍体）和８．５～９．８ｈ（诱导四倍体），处理的持续时间为１０～２５ｍｉｎ。三倍体的适宜诱导条件为卵子在受精后１５ｍｉｎ，浓度为１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的Ｃ．Ｂ溶液处理１８ｍｉｎ。三倍体诱导率最高可达５８．１８％。根据诱导三倍体的适宜Ｃ．Ｂ处理浓度和处理时间，用１．５ｍｇ／ＬＣ．Ｂ溶液处理卵子１８ｍｉｎ，获得了２９．４６％～５７．８９％的四倍体胚胎。另外，还对中华绒螯蟹三倍体、四倍体胚胎的诱导技术、诱导参数对胚胎发育的影响等有关问题进行了分析讨论 相似文献
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雌性三倍体鲑鳟鱼已知是不育的,因而有利于水产养殖。本研究旨在对多种温度和水静压刺激处理诱导三倍体硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss的一种溯河回游类型)的效果加以对比。热休克和水静压刺激在各组硬头鳟卵受精后25分钟开始施行。热休克处理所用温度为26—36℃,持读1.25～20分钟;水静压处理所用压力为5.5～8.3×10~4KPa(1KPa=0.145psi)持续2～6分钟。三倍体的诱导率通过红血球细胞核长径的测定来计算。在26℃温度下持续20分钟的热休克处理和在7.6×10~4kPa压力下持续6分钟的水静压刺激诱导出100％的三倍体比率(triploid rate),但是各组卵的成活率却与处理的强度成负的相关关系。因而三倍体产量(triploid yield)(即三倍体的诱导率与孵出时的成活率的乘积)在26℃下持续10分钟的热休克或6.9×10~4KPa下持续6分钟的水静压刺激处理时为最好,分别是50.3％和49.9％。 相似文献
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通过抑制有丝分裂Ｉ期和细胞融合尝试诱导四倍体太平洋牡蛎,利用热冲击抑制有丝分裂Ｉ期（３５－４０℃,持续２－２３分钟）产生达４５％的四倍体胚胎,使用聚乙二醇（ＰＥＧ）处理,成功地得到受精卵－受精卵的融合,但没有产生有意义的四倍体,同样,进行了精子融合的试验,在该实验中,聚乙二醇无法导致精子细胞的融合,另一方面,ＰＥＧ诱导的分裂球融合,产生了有实际意义的四倍体（达到３０％）但无法证实该实验中产生的四倍 相似文献
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鱼类胚胎低温冷冻保存降温速率研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在低温下采用慢速降温速率，以０．２－０．５℃／分降至－４０℃以上温度，胚胎获得２０％以上成活率。在超低温下采用快速降温速率，以２℃／分降至－４０℃，再以１０℃／分降至－１９６℃，胚胎获得了９０％以上复活率。 相似文献
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合浦珠母贝三倍体的卵诱导四倍体 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
将合浦珠母贝三倍体的卵与二倍体的精子授精,用０．５μｇ／ｍＬ细胞松弛素Ｂ抑制精卵第一极体的释放诱导四倍体。研究了处理起始时间及持续时间对胚胎孵化率和四倍体诱导率的影响及幼虫的生长及存活。实验结果表明：持续时间与胚胎孵化率呈负相关,而与四倍体诱导率呈正相关,持续时间一般为１５￣１８ｍｉｎ,处理起始时间一般在第一极体出现前３￣５ｍｉｎ。在胚胎期,四倍体诱导率平均为２０％。在幼虫培养阶段,幼虫死亡严重, 相似文献
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冷、热休克法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分别采用冷、热休克抑制第二极体释放的方法诱导黄颡鱼三倍体。结果表明,在卵受精后2min,5℃处理20min,胚胎时期的三倍体率达70%左右,孵化率50%左右,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为25%,此条件为冷休克处理的优化参数;在卵受精后2min,40℃处理2min,胚胎时期的三倍体诱导率达58%,孵化率为39%,幼鱼时期三倍体(含嵌合体)的检出率为40%,此条件为热休克处理的优化参数。正交分析得出,冷休克条件下起始休克时间是原肠期三倍化率和孵化率的重要影响因子,温度对畸形个体的产生有重要影响;热休克条件下,参考三倍体率、畸形率、孵化期相对存活率三者而言,休克温度均是重要因素。比较观察到冷休克处理组的胚胎受损情况严重,后期的成活率较热休克处理组要低,总体诱导效果逊于热休克处理组。 相似文献
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A.V.Recoubratsky 《江西水产科技》1993,(2):45-48
本研究详尽阐述了使用工业养鱼技术生产三倍体鲤鱼的方法。通过对受精卵使用热休克抑制第二成熟分裂获得三倍性。采用下列休克参数取得了最好的结果(三倍体率80-100%、胚胎成活率为对照的70％、受精后6分钟(休克前孵化温度年20℃)开始、温度4或41℃、持续时间2分钟或1．5分钟、此技术准许大规模生产三倍体鲤鱼、因此允许工业养鱼条件下研究三倍体的特性。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献