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为保证北线引水工程的安全、可靠和经济运行,设计建立了包括取水泵站、计量控制站、管网、调度中心等在内的综合自动化系统,通过实时在线测控和预警预测管理,确保了全线流量平衡和管网安全。介绍了北线引水工程综合自动化系统的主要构成及基本功能,对类似城市远距离供水自动化测控和保障系统的建立具有指导意义。 相似文献
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１嫩江局调度自动化系统简介我局１９８８年就开始对电网调度自动化系统调研，曾对烟台东方电子集团、南京自动化研究院、西安电子科技大学等多家的调度自动化系统进行了实地考察。１９９７年与省龙电公司进行合作嫩江电网调度自动化第一期工程。该工程由龙电公司设计，整... 相似文献
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排水沟系统承担排水蓄涝、环境保护等效能,多目标排水沟系统规划具有十分重要的现实意义。综合考虑工程费用、减污与产量效应构建排水沟系统多目标规划模型,运用粒子群算法(PSO)生成规划方案非劣解集,并耦合灰色关联投影法(GRA)优选非劣解集进行方案决策,将模型应用于上海松江高标准农田稻作区规划排水沟系统。结果显示,稻作区优选规划方案推荐排水历时5 d,农沟与支沟沟深1.3、1.7 m,间距77、270 m,优化水面率7.64%。与传统单目标规划方案相比,设计降水条件下,增加滞涝水量648.5 m~3/hm~2,总氮的单位面积削减能力4.22 kg/hm~2,削减率增加28.1%,水稻相对产量96.2%。该模型能客观权衡多目标的矛盾性进行科学决策。 相似文献
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渠道自动控制技术与发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对灌区自动化系统中灌溉渠道的自动控制技术进行了综述，对其控制类型进行归纳、分析和总结，按照控制变量、控制逻辑和设计技术三个方面进行研究，指出了不同控制类型的优点和缺点，预测了渠道自动控制技术的发展趋势是以下游控制为主、前馈与反馈结合、利用现代控制理论（人工神经网络、模糊控制、系统识别理论及遗传算法等）与计算机非恒定流模拟技术溶为一体的综合控制系统，使之能够适应多闸门复杂渠系的多目标、多用途的灌区自动化工程。 相似文献
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大型泵站综合自动化系统方案研究 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
为提高大型泵站运行的安全性和可靠性设计的综合自动化系统,预期可实现对泵站主机、变电所及辅机设备等的集中监测、控制、保护,以及水情数据的收集处理等功能,提出了泵站综合自动化系统的方案和技术要求,如系统功能要求、系统结构和软硬件要求,为大型泵站的自动化管理提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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对采用的电网综合自动化系统的功能及特点进行了介绍,分析了综合自动化系统的先进性及总体效益,探讨了该系统在运用中存在的问题,提出了解决办法,为实现农网综合自动化提供了有益借鉴。 相似文献
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介绍了南水北调中线干线工程基本情况,对该工程管理模式和输水特点进行了说明,从工程安全监测的必要性出发,阐述了安全监测自动化系统设计思想,重点对系统功能、网络结构等内容进行了详细说明。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献