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棉盲蝽象属半翅目盲蝽科,河南省周口市棉田盲蝽象的种类主要为绿盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、三点盲蝽。近年来,随着气候变暖,果树苗圃和温室大棚作物面积扩大及抗虫棉大面积推广应用,棉盲蝽为害面积逐年扩大,为害程度加重,已上升为棉田主要害虫。2006年在扶沟、西化两县调查,7月~8月虫田率达100%,虫株率60%以上,百株虫量180头~350头,林木苗圃附近地块棉田百株虫量达620头。盲蝽象的为害往往造成棉花产量下降品质降低。1为害特点棉盲蝽象对棉花为害期长,从幼苗一直到吐絮期均有发生,主要为害期在6月~8月,以7月第3代绿盲蝽为害最为严重。盲蝽象以剌吸式… 相似文献
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近几年棉盲蝽已成为安阳县棉田主要害虫,种类有绿盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、三点盲蝽等。其中绿盲蝽为优势种,特别是2004年、2005年发生严重,给棉花生产造成严重损失。在本县棉盲蝽于6月上旬迁入棉田为害,至9月中旬,为害期长达110天。棉盲蝽以成、若虫刺吸植株汁液,造成破头破叶、枝叶丛生,蕾铃大量脱落,棉花严重减产。2005年6月18日本县测报站在洪河屯乡调查一块Bt抗虫春播棉花田,百株棉盲蝽47头,植株顶叶破叶率100%,并有7%的棉花植株已成为无头棉;7月9日再次调查该棉田,百株棉盲蝽54头,被害株100%,第1~3果枝蕾铃脱落率26%;8月17日第3次调查该棉花… 相似文献
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绿盲蝽属半翅目,盲蝽科,在安阳县棉田中,是棉盲蝽的优势种。近年来,由于抗虫棉的推广和普及,棉铃虫得到有效控制,棉田用药次数、施药量减少,非靶标害虫逐年呈上升趋势,尤其是绿盲蝽在安阳县棉花上已成为主要害虫,在重发生年份,百株虫量在100头以上,一般棉田因盲蝽危害减产10%~20%,严重的减产50%以上。近年,笔者对其进行了调查研究,并提出了综合治理技术措施。1绿盲蝽发生规律1.1在Bt棉花与其它寄主间转移危害规律。绿盲蝽的寄主植物种类繁多。据田间调查,安阳地区有21科43种以上,其中野生寄主达19种,主要有野苜蓿、野胡萝卜、婆婆纳等;栽培… 相似文献
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抗虫棉棉田中黑盲蝽的发生与防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在南阳棉区,大面积种植抗虫棉后,由于减少了棉田农药化防次数,原属兼治对象的中黑盲蝽象上升为主要害虫,在大发生年份,百株虫量高达500多头,尤其多雨年份,因防治失时,中黑盲蝽象为害造成的棉花产量损失不亚于棉铃虫灾害发生年代.近年来，作者对其进行调查、研究，本文仅就Bt棉田中黑盲蝽象的发生规律和防治措施作一报导。 相似文献
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河南省常见的棉盲蝽有绿盲蝽、中黑盲蝽、苜蓿盲蝽、三点盲蝽4种,其中绿盲蝽为优势种群。在河南省,棉盲蝽一年发生3～5代,其中棉田发生2～4代,以成虫和若虫通过刺吸式口器吸取汁液,为害棉花的嫩头、生长点、幼嫩花蕾及棉铃,造成破头、破叶、丛生枝、蕾铃大量脱落等。象, 相似文献
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近几年来,随着农业种植结构的调整,以及抗虫棉种植面积的逐年扩大,棉田用农药次数及用药量逐步减少,致使棉盲蝽的发生与危害呈逐年加重的趋势。2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 3年7月2 2日、8月7日在城南长屯村调查,平均百株虫量达2 0头左右,最高的已达5 0头,棉花平均百株受害率45 % ,叶片平均受害率70 % ,蕾铃脱落中有40 %～5 0 %是棉盲蝽造成的,造成叶片破碎,破头疯大量发生,严重影响叶片的功能和蕾铃的形成,使棉花产量下降,品质降低。1危害症状棉盲蝽于6月上旬侵入棉田,8月中旬迁出,在棉田活动长达80天左右,以成若虫刺吸棉株顶芽、嫩叶、花蕾及幼铃上汁… 相似文献
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近年来,随着转基因抗虫棉的推广,棉田用药量下降,过去零星发生的次要害虫盲蝽象,其种群不断增长,危害逐渐加重,已上升为棉田主要害虫,应引起高度重视。1危害情况近年来,棉盲蝽象在河北省魏县棉田普遍发生,造成较重危害。据调查,平均百株虫头数可达20～30头,多的50～60头,棉花平均百株受害率50%以上,叶片平均受害率超过60%,蕾铃脱落中的30%～60%是由盲蝽象引起的。遭受棉盲蝽象危害的棉株营养生长与生殖生长失调,表现旺长而开花结铃少、成铃晚、吐絮迟,产量降低、品质下降。2发生规律棉盲蝽象在本县一般一年发生5代,主要以卵在棉田内的棉柴、… 相似文献
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棉田使用诱虫板对绿盲蝽和非靶标昆虫的诱集作用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
评价了诱虫板颜色、位置、高度和每日时段对绿盲蝽和其他植食性害虫以及对捕食性昆虫诱集量的影响。结果表明：绿盲蝽对蓝色表现出强烈趋性,其次是橙色、青色、黄色和绿色。另外,诱虫板高度、每日时段和诱虫板位置也影响色板对绿盲蝽的诱集。距地面50 cm和200 cm处的诱虫板诱集到数量相近的绿盲蝽成虫,在180 cm（棉花冠层高度）处的诱虫板能诱集到更多的绿盲蝽;在傍晚时比其他时段诱集到的绿盲蝽数量多;9月初,设置在棉田边缘的诱虫板比在棉田中心能诱集到更多的绿盲蝽。其他植食性害虫中烟粉虱和棉叶蝉对橙色、黄色具有很强的趋性,棉蓟马对蓝色趋性最强。捕食性天敌中华草蛉和龟纹瓢虫对绿色以外的颜色趋性均较低。可见,将蓝色、黄色、青色或橙色诱虫板放置在棉花冠层上方一定高度,并在9月初设置在棉田边缘,对绿盲蝽能起到较好的诱集作用,且对其他植食性害虫尤其是蓟马表现出较好的诱集效果,而对捕食性天敌诱集作用较弱。 相似文献
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棉花是开封市主要经济作物之一 ,常年播种面积 8万～ 1 0万公顷。近几年 ,开封市棉区盲蝽象发生危害逐年严重 ,特别是 2 0 0 3、2 0 0 4年连续两年大发生 ,成为阻碍开封市棉花发展的最主要害虫。1发生特点1 .1以苜蓿盲蝽为主多种盲蝽混合发生。据调查 ,开封市棉区盲蝽象的种类以苜蓿盲蝽为主 ,与中黑盲蝽、绿盲蝽和三点盲蝽混合发生 ,其中 ,苜蓿盲蝽占44.3% ,中黑盲蝽占 34.6% ,绿盲蝽占 1 5 .1 % ,三点盲蝽占 6.0 %。1 .2危害时间长 ,世代重叠严重。棉盲蝽因其种类不同 ,发生世代、迁入棉田的时间和危害高峰略有差异。三点盲蝽一年发生 3代… 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):415-432
Summary This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):189-198
AbstractGrain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike. 相似文献
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Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the
water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during
mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal
resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No
such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m−2 s−1 between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop. 相似文献
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Corné Kempenaar Thomas Been Johan Booij Frits van Evert Jean-Marie Michielsen Corné Kocks 《Potato Research》2017,60(3-4):295-305
Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed. 相似文献
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体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望. 相似文献
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以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。 相似文献