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1.
烘焙对生物质热解产物特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
烘焙可有效地降低生物质中的水分和氧,对其热解过程有显著的影响。该文主要研究了烘焙温度（200,230,260,290℃）对生物质热解过程及产物特性的影响行为及影响机制;研究发现烘焙能改善热解产物的品质,随着烘焙温度的升高,热解合成气中CO含量由48%逐渐减少到34%,CH4和H2增加,其中H2含量最大增加了77.4%,而液体产物中,乙酸和水分含量逐渐减小,水分含量最大减少了42.8%,而酚类产物的含量明显增加,有利于生物油品质的提高。该研究为烘焙技术的发展和生物质高效热化学转化提供科学参考。 相似文献
2.
选取典型秸秆类生物质颗粒掺混垃圾作为研究对象,利用自制燃烧试验平台,研究掺混比、温度、粒径及生物质种类等因素对垃圾掺混生物质颗粒燃烧过程中CO与NO释放规律的影响。试验结果表明:CO排放量随着混合燃料中棉花秆颗粒含量增加而减小;混合燃料中垃圾掺混量高于棉花秆颗粒时,焦炭氮燃烧峰值随棉花秆含量增加而增大,掺混量低于棉花秆颗粒时,焦炭氮燃烧峰值逐渐减小,掺混比为5:5时NO生成量最低。燃烧温度为850℃时CO生成量最低;NO峰值时间随温度升高向前偏移,排放量呈先增大后减小趋势,较高的反应温度有利于降低燃烧过程中NO生成量。随着燃料粒径减小,CO峰值浓度降低;存在粒径临界值(60~80目),当粒径小于临界值时,NO生成量随粒径减小而减小,大于临界值时,NO生成量随粒径增大而减小。垃圾混烧生物质颗粒后CO生成量显著降低;掺混同质量分数生物质颗粒试样中,生物质颗粒氮含量越高,混合燃料燃烧NO生成量越大。该研究可为实际生产中城市生活垃圾混烧生物质颗粒技术及污染物排放控制提供参考依据。 相似文献
3.
基于热解-重整-燃烧解耦三床气化系统的生物质催化制富氢气体 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生物质催化气化是将生物质转换成富氢气体的有效途径。该研究提出了一种由热解反应器、重整反应器和提升管燃烧器三部分构成的解耦三床生物质气化(decoupled triple bed gasification,DTBG)工艺。在实验室规模的DTBG气化反应装置上,以水蒸气为气化剂,以橄榄石为原位焦油裂解催化床料,进行了生物质水蒸气催化气化试验,考察了生物质种类、重整器温度、生物质进料速率对气化效果的影响规律,并且对气化副产物焦油的特性进行了分析。试验结果表明,生物质原料的挥发分对气化产物分布的影响很大,原料挥发分含量越高,气体产率越高,碳转化率越高,气体中的H2和CO体积分数越大、CO2体积分数越低。当重整器温度由750升高到850℃时,气体产率从0.91增加到1.08 m3/kg,焦油质量浓度从19.1降低到7.3 g/m3,同时气体品质大幅度提升。随着生物质进料速率的增加,产气中H2体积分数大幅度增加,CO2体积分数大幅度降低,但是焦油质量浓度基本不变。当重整器温度为800℃,白松木屑进料速率为220 g/h时,H2和CO体积分数分别达到了42.2%和14.6%,产气中焦油质量浓度为10.1 g/m3。气化焦油的主要成分为多环芳烃,其中萘含量最高。当重整器温度从700℃升高到850℃时,焦油中单环化合物几乎全部分解,3~4环多环芳烃化合物逐步降低,萘的相对含量从54.7%升高到75.6%。该研究结果可为大规模气化装置的设计、运行以及优化提供理论指导。 相似文献
4.
高温蒸汽松木颗粒富氢气化试验 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
采用自制下吸式气化炉试验系统平台,以松木颗粒为原料,进行不同蒸汽流量及气化温度条件下的高温蒸汽气化试验。试验表明:随着气化温度升高,气化反应程度加剧,碳氢化合物与高温蒸汽的重整反应亦更剧烈。气化气中H2体积分数从气化温度为700℃时的23.38%升高到950℃时的44.79%,提高了近一倍,但由于CO和蒸汽的变换反应在900℃后受到抑制,H2体积分数略微下降,CO随温度升高先减少后增加,CO2呈缓慢减少趋势;蒸汽流量是高温蒸汽气化技术重要影响指标,在气化温度为850~950℃范围内,蒸汽流量由0.3增加到0.9 kg/h时,气化气中H2体积分数由37.06%增长到47.67%,CO变化较为稳定,CO2的含量先降低后上升,CnHm的体积分数呈下降趋势,气化气产率和氢气产率均随蒸汽流量的增加先增大后减小;特别是当蒸汽流量为0.6 kg/h,气化温度为900℃时,气化气产率和氢气产率分别为2.69 m3/kg和101.8 g/kg,达到试验工况条件下的最大值,此时反应加入的蒸汽量与生物质量的比值约为0.95,为试验较佳工况。 相似文献
5.
生物质热化学气化制取甲烷是人工获取代用天然气的重要方式之一,其中生物质热气化气合成甲烷是该技术的关键步骤之一。在自行设计的增压流化床反应系统上,开展生物质气化气合成甲烷的试验,分别研究了反应温度、反应压力、空速和氢碳比对甲烷生成速率和CO转化率的影响。结果表明,在增压流化床反应器上可高效的合成甲烷,最大甲烷生成速率超过3.2 mol/(L·h),CO转化率超过80%。提高反应温度有利于甲烷生成速率和CO转化率的提高,且当反应温度在350℃左右时达到最大值;反应压力对甲烷化过程有很大影响,提高反应压力有利于甲烷化过程;随着空速的增大,甲烷生成速率增加,但是CO转化率会下降;而甲烷生成速率和CO转化率则随着氢碳比的增大而增大。为获得较高的甲烷生成速率和CO转化率,适宜的反应温度在350℃左右,空速在10 000 h-1,氢碳比在3附近,反应压力可取在0.3 MPa左右。该研究结果将为进一步研究生物质热化学气化制取甲烷奠定基础。 相似文献
6.
温度对竹材烘焙过程中气固液三相产物组成及特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
烘焙预处理可有效降低生物质原料的含水率和O/C比、提高能量密度、可磨性和疏水性,进而减少热解油中水分和含氧化合物的含量,改善生物油的稳定性和品质。该文采用程序控温管式炉、热重-红外联用仪(TGA-FTIR)和快速热解-气质联用仪(PY-GC/MS)等开展生物质烘焙试验研究,研究烘焙温度(210、240、270和300℃)对毛竹烘焙过程中气、固、液三相产物的特性影响。试验结果表明:(1)烘焙固体产物:随烘焙温度升高,固体产物中固定碳和C元素含量显著增加,使得原料的热值从18.85 MJ/kg增加至23.12 MJ/kg,能量密度增加;O元素含量显著减少,使得O/C比值从0.74降低至0.42。(2)烘焙气体产物:烘焙气体成分主要为H_2O、CO_2、CO和CH_4组成,其中CO_2含量最高,其次为H_2O、CH_4和CO,所有气体产物含量随烘焙温度的升高而逐渐增加。(3)烘焙液体产物:烘焙液体产物主要由酸类、酮类、呋喃类、酚类以及醛类等有机物构成,其中酸类、酚类和呋喃类相对含量较高,最高可达20.34%、22.05%和31.42%,酮类、醛类含量相对较少,分别占10.43%与8.26%,随烘焙温度升高,酸类含量先增加后减少,呋喃类、酚类、酮类含量逐渐增加,醛类含量变化规律不显著。(4)基于对烘焙气、固、液体产物分析可知,竹材中的氧元素主要以H_2O、CO_2、CO和有机酸等形式脱除,烘焙预处理能有效提高竹材能量密度,去除水分与含氧化合物,提高烘焙固体产物的利用价值。研究结果可为竹材能源化利用提供参考。 相似文献
7.
粒径和启动温度对猪粪气化过程的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验采用自主设计制造的流化床反应器,对猪粪展开空气气化研究。该文主要考察了原料粒径和启动温度对气化过程的影响。试验结果表明,原料粒径会影响固体颗粒在反应器内的停留时间和异相反应的接触面积。随着粒径增大反应器内温度场分布最高温度区上移,因此要求反应器有足够的流化高度;粒径越大,液体产率越高,固体产率越低,气体产率以0.5 mm粒径最高;在1.0 mm以内的原料粒径对气态产物的成分没有明显影响;通过对燃气热值、碳转化率和气化效率3个气化指标的计算,结果显示0.5 mm效果最佳。试验结果也表明反应器启动温度越高,反应器启动时间就越短,越有利于气体产物形成;由于当量比保持不变,所以固体产物得率基本没有变化,液体产物随启动温度提高而减少;小分子气态物质含量随启动温度升高而升高,一些相对大分子物质成分含量随温度升高而减少;启动温度对3个气化指标的影响不是很明显。 相似文献
8.
膨润土/褐铁矿改性白云石催化剂改善松木蒸汽富氢气化性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用蒸汽气化,以松木燃料棒为试验对象,分析气化气及焦油组分变化,研究改性白云石(膨润土为载体,白云石为活性组分,并负载少量褐铁矿)催化性能随温度升高的变化规律。试验表明:750℃时,在改性白云石催化条件下,H_2的体积分数为45.77%±0.23%,相较无催化和白云石催化条件下的富氢作用,气化所需温度下降100℃;富氢程度在较低温度下明显,但随温度升高而消弱;改性白云石不仅促使烃端链上碳碳长链断链,产生氢自由基,进而形成H_2,同时促进芳香环开环反应,脱羧基及脱羟基反应,使得裂解后的焦油更易转化为小分子气体;催化剂中活性中心Fe~(3+)随温度高逐渐减少,使得改性白云石的质量增加在900℃降低至最小值,但相比白云石,改性白云石催化剂在气化前后的色泽和形态变化较轻,反映其表面积碳及机械强度得到优化。项目研究可为生物质蒸汽催化气化及廉价高效改性白云石的应用提供参考。 相似文献
9.
通过空气氧化法,采用电化学实时监测,结合X-射线衍射（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）和溶液化学分析,探讨了 GR1(CO32-)的合成、氧化和晶质化特点。在合成阶段,当悬液pH降至最低或矿物中Fe2 含量升至最高时,GR1(CO32-)完全形成。在随后转化阶段,控制pH在6.5 ~ 10时,随pH增加,GR1(CO32-)的转化速率和氧化速率均减小,氧化产物由纤铁矿向针铁矿向磁铁矿变化,且针铁矿结晶尺寸随pH升高逐渐增加。控制温度在15 ~ 45 ℃时,随反应温度的增加,GR1(CO32-)的转化速率增加而氧化速率减小,氧化产物同样由纤铁矿向针铁矿向磁铁矿变化,且针铁矿粒径随温度升高而增大。控制空气流速在0 ~ 0.1 m3 h-1时,随着空气流速的增加,氧化速率增加,氧化产物中针铁矿含量逐渐减少而纤铁矿含量逐渐增加,且产物结晶度逐渐减弱。因此,在pH、温度和空气流速等影响GR1(CO32-)转化过程中,氧化速率是共同的决定因素,随着氧化速率的增加,产物由磁铁矿向针铁矿向纤铁矿变化,且产物结晶尺寸变小和结晶度减弱。 相似文献
10.
为了开发一种将生物质热解气中CO2和CH4转化为合成气的方法,该文以生物质焦为催化剂,利用微波加热方式开展了CO2重整CH4试验研究,探讨了粒径、微波功率、CO2与CH4摩尔比及空速对反应气转化率的影响,研究了CH4裂解、CO2重整CH4和CO2气化的反应特性。研究发现,使用粒径为0.83 mm以下的生物质焦催化CO2重整CH4,反应气转化率变化不大。增加微波功率、增大CO2与CH4摩尔比和降低空速均可以提高反应气转化率。重整反应中反应气初始转化率较高,随后CO2转化率降低幅度很小,CH4转化率则一直降低。相比于重整反应,裂解反应中CH4转化率降低幅度更大,气化反应前期CO2转化率高出重整反应,反应60 min后则低于重整反应。结果表明微波场中生物质焦对CO2重整CH4具有较好的催化效果。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献