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为了解潍坊市当前奶牛乳房炎的发病以及病原菌的种类和耐药性情况,为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供参考,采集潍坊市6个奶牛场临床型和隐性型乳房炎奶样各100份,进行了细菌分离和鉴定。结果细菌检出率为91.50%（183/200）,细菌混合感染奶样占检出细菌奶样的84.70%（155/183）;共分离到265株细菌,其中链球菌（无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌）占38.11%,金黄色葡萄球菌占34.34%,大肠杆菌占16.98%,这些是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌。将这些病原菌进行药物敏感试验,结果显示,敏感率高的药物依次是头孢喹肟（80.59%）、恩诺沙星（68.35%）、头孢噻呋（68.35%）和氟苯尼考（67.51%）,耐药率高的药物依次是青霉素（37.97%）、链霉素（26.16%）和四环素（10.55%）。 相似文献
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为了对规模化牧场的奶牛乳腺炎致病菌进行调研并对肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性进行调查,收集福建、江苏、广州、河北、安徽、山西、内蒙古、浙江地区等11个规模化奶牛场乳腺炎乳样856份,进行细菌分离鉴定,并对分离到的119株肺炎克雷伯菌进行药敏试验。结果显示:乳腺炎样本的细菌检出率为84.46%;导致乳腺炎的致病菌以环境性致病菌为主,包括大肠杆菌(22.74%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(14.55%)和阴沟肠杆菌(9.05%)等,另外也分离到了传染性乳腺炎致病菌,如金黄色葡萄球菌(4.25%)和无乳链球菌(1.71%),且不同地区的乳腺炎致病菌分离情况具有地区差异性;119株肺炎克雷伯菌对氨比西林耐药率最高,耐药率为94.96%,对部分头孢类和氨基糖苷类产生耐药性;对卡那霉素最敏感,敏感率为97.48%。研究表明,乳腺炎致病菌以环境性致病菌的危害突出,传染性致病菌得到有效控制,同时肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性应引起牧场关注。 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2019,(9)
对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2020,(9)
为了解上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌种类、分布及药物敏感特性,为奶牛乳房炎治疗选用敏感性药物提供依据。采集该地区奶牛场71份临床型奶牛乳房炎奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,71份奶样共检出金黄色葡萄球菌12株,分离率最高,为16.9%,大肠杆菌11株,占15.5%,克雷伯氏菌8株,占11.3%,粪肠球菌5株,占7.0%。药敏试验显示,4种主要病原菌主要对头孢噻吩、氨苄西林、磺胺异唑抗菌药物表现不同程度的耐药,耐药率在75.0%～100.0%,对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物较敏感,敏感率在60.0%～100.0%;多重耐药菌株共16株,占22.5%,大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌存在同时对9种和10种抗菌药物耐药现象,多重耐药较严重。说明引起该地区奶牛乳房炎的关键致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌、克雷伯氏菌。细菌药敏试验结果显示:分离菌株对氨苄西林、磺胺异唑、庆大霉素具有较强耐药性;对头孢噻呋、环丙沙星、阿莫西林-克拉维酸抗菌药物敏感,上述研究结果可为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺炎是奶牛养殖业的常见疾病,而无乳链球菌是乳腺炎的重要病原体之一。本试验从江苏和河北地区的规模化奶牛场中共收集67份乳腺炎奶样,经分离培养和鉴定,共分离出33株无乳链球菌。药敏试验表明:河北地区和江苏地区奶牛场的分离株对阿莫西林、头孢氨苄等β-内酰胺类药物以及恩诺沙星等喹诺酮类药物高度敏感,而对链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素以及丁胺卡那等氨基糖苷类药物均表现出较高的耐药性。此外,河北地区分离株对四环素、多西环素这两种药物比较敏感,但在江苏地区无乳链球菌对这两种药物表现出了较强的耐药性,耐药率均高达74.1%。说明不同地区的无乳链球菌耐药情况有一定的差异。本研究结果可为临床上用抗生素预防和治疗乳腺炎提供参考。 相似文献
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采集具有临床型乳腺炎奶牛的奶样,经细菌的分离培养、纯培养和生化试验,以确定奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类。结果发现患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的致病菌和占分离菌株的百分率为:腐生葡萄球菌19.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌16.5%、兽疫链球菌17.3%、停乳链球菌9.4%、乳房链球菌3.9%、无乳链球菌1.6%、产气肠杆菌17.3%、聚团肠杆菌4.7%、奇异变形杆菌3.0%、大肠杆菌3.0%、蜡样芽胞杆菌3.0%,样品中单纯感染与混合感染的百分率分别为66.0%和27.8%。 相似文献
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《中国奶牛》2019,(8)
为了解湖南省部分地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌种类及耐药情况,同时制定科学合理的用药方案,对来自不同地区的74份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对其主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,该地区奶牛乳房炎奶样中葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、乳房链球菌、棒状杆菌的分离比例分别为47.72%、18.18%、13.64%、10.23%,其他菌种仅占10.23%。对其中检出率较高的葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和乳房链球菌进行药敏试验,结果显示3种病原菌对头孢拉啶和恩诺沙星高度敏感,对链霉素和磺胺异噁唑有较强的耐药性;葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素和氨苄西林有较强的耐药性;乳房链球菌对四环素有较强的耐药性。因此,头孢拉啶和恩诺沙星可以作为该地区奶牛乳房炎治疗的优选药物。 相似文献
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为查清渭南地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的种类及其药物敏感情况,为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据,对渭南地区部分奶牛场采集39份临床型或隐性乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:从所测乳样中检查出细菌48株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占37.5%;大肠杆菌14株,占29.2%;无乳链球菌9株,占18.7%;乳房链球菌5株,占10.4%;停乳链球菌2株,占4.2%。主要病原菌对各药物敏感性不同,其中对头孢喹诺、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星均高度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素等有较强的耐药性。 相似文献
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选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考. 相似文献
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近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。 相似文献
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１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是… 相似文献
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Pinard CL Weiss ML Brightman AH Fenwick BW Davidson HJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(1):104-108
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle. 相似文献
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Harvey CE 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2002,19(4):186-195
Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined. 相似文献
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Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known. 相似文献