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1.
无机硫来源对体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用短期人工瘤胃发酵装置,研究精粗比为4∶6日粮添加硫磺、硫酸钠、硫化钠等三种来源的硫对瘤胃液pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响.结果表明:硫的添加量明显影响人工瘤胃发酵中有机物的消失率(P<0.05),日粮中添加硫0.5%时,对照组、硫磺、硫酸钠、硫化钠组间瘤胃液pH、日粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消失率、氨态氮浓度有明差异(P<0.05),硫来源没有明显影响人工瘤胃中总VFA、丙酸、乙酸浓度(P>0.05);硫酸钠、硫化钠的作用效果优于硫磺试验组. 相似文献
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日粮类型和钾来源对体外瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究钾对瘤胃发酵的影响,试验以短期人工瘤胃发酵装置研究两种日粮类型添加K2CO3、K2HPO4、KCl等3种来源的钾对瘤胃pH、VFA的影响。精粗比为4:6日粮中添加钾0.4%时,对照组、K2CO3、K2HPO4、KCl组间瘤胃液pH值、日粮NDF消失率、氨态氮浓度没有差异(P>0.05),钾来源明显影响人工瘤胃的日粮有机物消失率及TVFA、丙酸、乙酸浓度(P<0.05);精粗比6:4日粮添加0.15%的钾,结果表明钾来源对TVFA、丙酸、乙酸浓度没有影响,与不添加比较明显影响瘤胃pH值、氨态氮和日粮有机物及NDF消失率;试验结果表明K2CO3的作用效果优于K2HPO4和KCl。 相似文献
3.
钾是瘤胃微生物必需的矿物元素之一,为研究钾对瘤胃发酵的影响,试验以短期人工瘤胃发酵装置研究2种日粮类型添加K2CO3对瘤胃有机物发酵、pH和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生的影响.日粮钾的添加量明显影响人工瘤胃的日粮有机物消失率.精粗比为5:5日粮中添加钾0.3%时,对照组和K2CO3组间瘤胃液pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、丙酸和乙酸浓度没有明显差异,添加0.3%钾明显降低日粮有机物消失率,发酵液氨态氮浓度下降,但使日粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消失率提高(P<0.05).精粗比7:3日粮添加钾0.2%对TVFA、丙酸、乙酸和氨态氮浓度没有影响,但使瘤胃液pH明显上升,日粮有机物消失率提高,而NDF消失率下降.试验结果表明,日粮碳酸钾添加量明显影响体外瘤胃发酵. 相似文献
4.
为研究日粮中添加无机二价铁对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响,用人工瘤胃模拟装置发酵72 h研究添加不同水平亚铁(0、30、60、90、120和150 mg/kgDM,源于硫酸亚铁)对体外瘤胃液氨浓度、微生物氮产量和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生量的影响.结果表明:添加亚铁可使发酵液不同时间点氨浓度和总氨产量、有机物发酵率、总微生物氮产量显著提高(P<0.05);与不添加的对照组相比,添加亚铁可使发酵液的总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸浓度明显增加(P<0.05),但乙酸、丙酸、丁酸摩尔比例没有差异(P>0.05);添加亚铁明显促进瘤胃有机物的发酵,增加瘤胃VFA产生量,过多的亚铁对瘤胃微生物生长有抑制作用. 相似文献
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试验以3头年龄相同、平均体重为(650±20)kg、处于同一泌乳期且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,探讨日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3-N浓度、菌体蛋白浓度及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度动态变化的影响。3种植物油分别为葵花油、胡麻油、菜籽油。试验结果表明:日粮中添加不同的植物油,瘤胃液纤毛虫数量动态变化的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为(7.70,9.26,9.22)×105个/mL;对瘤胃液pH值动态变化的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为6.16,6.21,6.15,均在瘤胃发酵的正常范围之内;瘤胃液NH3-N浓度动态变化3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为14.98,16.45,16.48 mg/100 mL;对菌体蛋白浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),依次为85.17,89.83,78.87 mg/100mL。对VFA浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
6.
添加不同水平阴离子盐对人工瘤胃液理化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验采用人工瘤胃模拟装置研究了添加不同水平阴离子盐0、-50mEq/kg、-100mEq/kg和-150mEq/kg的日粮对瘤胃消化代谢的影响。通过对瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N、VFA浓度的测定,结果表明,添加阴离子盐水平在-150mEq/kg内,对瘤胃pH值和氨氮浓度有一定影响,但差异不显著(p>0.05);当添加水平在-100mEq/kg和-150mEq/kg时,对乙酸浓度、丙酸浓度及乙酸/丙酸比例影响差异均为显著(P<0.05)。 相似文献
7.
试验研究日粮铜(Cu)、钼(Mo)添加水平对辽宁绒山羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响。选用18月龄体重相近,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的辽宁绒山羊羯羊12只,采用完全随机分组试验设计,分成4组,每组3只。试验分为Mo 0处理和Mo5处理,Mo0处理日粮是在基础日粮中不加Mo,Mo5处理日粮是在基础日粮中加Mo(DM)5 mg/kg,每期设4个Cu水平,即0、20、30、40 mg/kg。结果表明:日粮中添加Mo 5 mg/kg显著降低了瘤胃液的pH,而显著提高了氨氮浓度、乙酸和总VFA浓度(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的铜对瘤胃液pH和氨氮浓度影响差异不显著,但显著提高了乙酸、丙酸、总VFA的浓度(P<0.05);铜钼互作对氨氮浓度、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总VFA的浓度影响差异显著,对pH影响差异不显著。结果显示,当日粮中添加Mo为5 mg/kg,Cu为20 mg/kg时,有最适宜的瘤胃发酵水平。 相似文献
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热应激对奶山羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响及有机铬对其的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究热应激对奶山羊瘤胃内pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度的影响,以及添加吡啶羧酸铬对其的调控作用。选用体重相近[(20.75±1.88)kg]的波尔山羊4只,采用自身对照,分3期试验,分别为对照组、热应激组和加铬组:对照组山羊在空调房中饲喂,温湿指数(THI)在70以下,处于非热应激状态;热应激组和加铬组山羊在室温动物房中饲喂,2组THI无显著差异(P>0.05),达79以上,处在相似的热应激状态。加铬组饲粮为基础饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬(铬含量为0.2 mg/kg饲粮)。每期试验14 d,在试验的第13天采集瘤胃液,测定pH、NH3-N和VFA浓度。结果表明:热应激可以显著降低奶山羊瘤胃内pH(P<0.05),显著提高瘤胃内NH3-N、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、乙酸、丙酸浓度(P<0.05),显著降低乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬后可以显著提高热应激奶山羊瘤胃乙酸、丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸(P<0.05),显著降低瘤胃丙酸浓度(P<0.05),对瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度影响不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,热应激使瘤胃pH显著降低,显著增加了VFA浓度,改变了瘤胃发酵模式;饲粮添加吡啶羧酸铬可调节瘤胃VFA浓度,对热应激造成的影响有一定的调节作用。 相似文献
11.
本试验通过体外培养法,研究在不同精粗比饲粮中添加维生素B12对体外瘤胃发酵和微生物酶活力的影响。试验采用3×3双因子试验设计,即3个底物精粗比(玉米∶羊草=35∶65、50∶50和65∶35)和3个维生素B12添加量(0、40和90 ng/mL)。体外试验用瘤胃液取自3只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的湖羊。体外培养24 h后测定体外瘤胃发酵参数和微生物酶活力。结果显示:1)随着底物精粗比和维生素B12添加量的提高,体外培养24 h的产气量、潜在产气量和有机物消化率极显著地增加(P<0.01),且维生素B12添加量与上述指标存在线性剂量效应(P<0.01)。2)当底物精粗比为50∶50和65∶35时,添加维生素B12显著提高了发酵液中氨态氮、微生物蛋白、总挥发性脂肪酸、乙酸和丙酸浓度(P<0.05),但对丁酸浓度和乙酸/丙酸无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)当底物精粗比为35∶65和50∶50时,添加40 ng/mL维生素B12使发酵液中羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活力显著提高(P<0.05);当精粗比为65∶35时,添加90 ng/mL维生素B12使发酵液中羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶活力显著提高(P<0.05)。结果提示,底物精粗比和维生素B12添加量影响体外瘤胃发酵。添加维生素B12可增加瘤胃微生物酶的活力,从而提高有机物消化率以及微生物蛋白和总挥发性脂肪酸的产量。当底物精粗比(玉米∶羊草)较高(50∶50和65∶35)时,维生素B12的添加效果更明显,并且具有剂量依赖效应。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对活体外瘤胃发酵和烟酸、烟酰胺合成的影响。以4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦阉公牛作为瘤胃液供体,选用淀粉、微晶纤维素、酪蛋白3种成分配制成相同粗蛋白质水平(13.5%,DM)和不同精粗比(30:70、50:50、70:30,DM)的3种纯合日粮作为发酵底物。应用人工瘤胃体外产气量法进行培养发酵并测定产气量、挥发酸及发酵液中烟酸、烟酰胺含量的变化。结果表明,提高日粮精粗比可极显著降低发酵液pH、乙酸/丙酸摩尔比、乙酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01),显著降低氨态氮浓度(L,P<0.05),但却极显著增加72 h产气量、总挥发酸浓度、丙酸和丁酸摩尔比(L,P<0.01)。随日粮精粗比的提高,瘤胃发酵液中总烟酸(烟酸+烟酰胺)、烟酰胺浓度在24和48 h均呈线性增加(L,0.050.10)。由此得出,日粮精粗比可改变活体外瘤胃发酵模式和影响瘤胃微生物合成总烟酸和烟酰胺,且随日粮精粗比的上升,瘤胃合成总烟酸、烟酰胺的数量呈线性增加趋势。 相似文献
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Calabrò S Moniello G Piccolo V Bovera F Infascelli F Tudisco R Cutrignelli MI 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(3):356-362
An in vitro trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different inoculum sources (buffalo vs. cattle) on rumen fermentation and degradability. Incubations were carried out using rumen fluid obtained from buffalo or cattle fed the same diet [60% grass hay and 40% concentrate; 18 kg dry matter (DM)/day]. The fermentation kinetics of eight feeds commonly used in ruminant nutrition (alfalfa hay, barley meal, beet pulp, corn meal and silage, ryegrass hay and silage and soya bean meal s.e.) were studied with the in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation parameters (substrate disappearance, pH and volatile fatty acids production) were determined after 120 h of incubation. The linear relationship indicates that the microbial metabolic pathways of the two inocula for all the substrates were qualitatively similar, albeit often quantitatively different. In this in vitro study, a significant influence of rumen inoculum (buffalo vs. cow) on fermentation and degradability of the examined substrates was found. The differences in buffalo and cattle rumen fermentation can be explained with a different microbial activity of the two ruminant species, because of different amount of microbial population or microbial population constituted by different species of bacteria and protozoa. 相似文献
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Hildebrand B Boguhn J Dänicke S Rodehutscord M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2012,96(2):307-318
In this study, the effect of Fusarium toxin-contaminated triticale (FUS) at high (60%) and low (30%) concentrate proportion in ruminant rations on ruminal fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and digestibility was investigated, using in vivo and in vitro methods. Significant effects of the forage-to-concentrate ratio on ruminal degradation and digestibility of crude nutrients and detergent fibre fractions as well as on the pH value and the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in rumen fluid were found. The production of SCFA was affected, and the degradation of crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre in the rumen was reduced by the inclusion of FUS at high concentrate proportion. The efficiency of microbial crude protein synthesis was higher in diets with 60% than in diets with 30% concentrates, but was impaired in the presence of FUS in vitro at the high concentrate level. Marginal effects of FUS on the amino acid pattern of microbial protein were detected. It was concluded that the use of FUS in high concentrate diets can influence ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis at a dietary deoxynivalenol concentration below 5 mg/kg dry matter. 相似文献
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When continuously cultured ruminal microbes were given orchardgrass hay and sufficient sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to maintain a pH of 5.5, fermentation and numbers of protozoa were reduced compared with cultures whose pH was controlled with phosphoric acid. Likewise, when sulfur-deficient, purified diets were supplied to cultures, less methane (mmol X liter-1 X d-1), 3.2 vs 32.6, was produced and fewer cellulolytic bacteria (log10/ml), 5.8 vs 7.2 were present than when cultures were given the same diet supplemented with .3% elemental sulfur. The rumen of sheep fed the .04% sulfur diet had reduced digesta weights (1.69 vs 3.2 kg) compared with sheep fed the diet with .34% sulfur at the same intake. There also was reduced methanogenesis 12.3 vs 25.8 mmol X liter-1 X d-1) and reduced numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (7.4 vs 8.4 log10/ml) in sulfur-deficient sheep in comparison to sulfur-supplemented sheep. In growing calves, the same types of bacteria predominated in the rumen, but more facultative anaerobic bacteria were isolated from calves fed .04% sulfur than from calves fed diets with .34 to 1.72% sulfur. None of the dietary levels of sulfur appeared toxic. Regardless of treatment, volatile fatty acids were more predominant than lactic acid as end-products of fermentation of ruminal microbes in fermenters, sheep and calves. The greater methanogenesis and the greater cellulolytic bacterial numbers of sulfur-supplemented sheep compared with sulfur-deficient in vitro cultures, is interpreted to be the result of recycling of sulfur to the rumen in sheep where it is efficiently scavengered by ruminal bacteria. 相似文献
16.
高精料日粮下硫胺素对体外培养荷斯坦牛瘤胃微生物消化代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在揭示高精料日粮条件下硫胺素对体外培养荷斯坦牛瘤胃微生物消化代谢的影响。以2头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦牛为试验动物,设置精粗比为6：4的底物,硫胺素的添加量设为0、60、120、180和240mg／kg5个水平,采用人工瘤胃体外发酵方法研究硫胺素对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响。试验结果表明．（1）高精料日粮条件下添加硫胺素可以提高培养液的pH值;（2）高精料日粮条件下NH3-N浓度随着硫胺素添加水平的提高而降低;（3）高精料日粮条件下硫胺素提高了细菌蛋白的产量而降低了原虫蛋白的产量。 相似文献
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日粮不同氮硫比对肉羊瘤胃营养物质发酵特性及养分降解的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为研究不同水平的含硫量及氮硫比对肉用绵羊瘤胃发酵及养分降解的影响,本试验选取16只体重相近(40.78±3.65)kg、装有永久瘤胃瘘管的杂交一代羯羊,随机均分为4组,定量饲喂4种不同含硫量和氮硫比(0.15%,N∶S=10.5、0.20%,N∶S=9、0.25%,N∶S=7.5和0.30%,N:S=6)的日粮。结果表明:肉羊日粮中增加硫或降低氮硫比瘤胃pH不受影响,但NH3-N浓度显著下降、瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸明显增加。肉羊日粮中添加适宜的硫和氮硫比可促进瘤胃纤维和蛋白的降解。肉羊日粮中适宜的含硫量为0.25%、氮硫比为7.5。 相似文献
18.
在底物精粗比为6∶4的条件下,在底物中添加不同剂量[使发酵液中植物精油的浓度分别为0(对照)、50、100、200和400 mg/L]的丁子香酚、D-柠烯、茴香脑、肉桂醛、百里香酚或香芹酚,通过体外产气法比较研究不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷(CH4)产量的影响。每种植物精油的每个剂量设3个重复。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定产气量和气体中的CH4含量以及发酵液的p H、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)和氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度。结果表明:1)除百里香酚外,添加各种植物精油对体外发酵液p H均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)添加丁子香酚、D-柠烯、茴香脑和肉桂醛对体外发酵液总VFA浓度没有显著影响(P0.05),但总VFA浓度随百里香酚和香芹酚浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化(PQ0.01)。与对照组相比,添加400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚显著降低体外发酵液总VFA浓度(P0.01)。D-柠烯、茴香脑、百里香酚和香芹酚的添加改变了各VFA占总VFA的摩尔百分比。与对照组相比,添加50 mg/L D-柠烯和茴香脑使乙酸比例显著增加(P0.05),丙酸比例显著降低(P0.05);而添加400 mg/L D-柠烯和茴香脑则使乙酸比例显著下降(P0.05),丙酸和丁酸比例显著上升(P0.05)。百里香酚和香芹酚的添加对乙酸比例没有产生显著影响(P0.05),与对照组相比,400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚使丙酸比例显著下降(P0.05)。3)添加茴香脑、百里香酚和香芹酚显著影响体外发酵液NH3-N浓度(P0.05),与对照组相比,400 mg/L百里香酚和香芹酚显著降低NH3-N浓度(P0.05)。4)添加D-柠烯、茴香脑、肉桂醛对体外发酵24 h产气量没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,各浓度的百里香酚和香芹酚均显著降低体外发酵24 h产气量(P0.05),且产气量随百里香酚和香芹酚浓度的增加呈二次曲线变化(PQ0.01)。5)添加D-柠烯、茴香脑和肉桂醛对体外发酵24 h CH4产量没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,50和100 mg/L的丁子香酚显著增加体外发酵24 h CH4产量(P0.05),而400 mg/L的百里香酚和香芹酚体外发酵24 h CH4产量分别降低84.7%(P0.05)和73.9%(P0.05)。综合以上试验结果可知,不同植物精油对体外瘤胃发酵和CH4产量的影响结果不同,且与添加剂量有关。其中,低剂量的百里香酚和香芹酚促进体外瘤胃发酵,而高剂量的百里香酚和香芹酚抑制体外瘤胃发酵且显著降低24 h CH4产量。 相似文献
19.
Performance of tropical dairy cows fed whole crop rice silage with varying levels of concentrate 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Metha Wanapat Sungchhang Kang Pichad Khejornsart Ruangyote Pilajun Sadudee Wanapat 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(1):185-189
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of concentrate/milk yield ratios on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, and milk production in dairy cows fed with a basal diet of whole crop rice silage (WCRS). Sixteen crossbred cows (75 % Holstein-Friesian (HF) and 25 % Thai cows) in mid-lactation were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments corresponding to four concentrate/milk yield ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (kg/kg)) were used. All cows were offered WCRS (with 1.5 % urea and 3 % molasses) ad libitum. Silage and concentrate were fed individually twice a day. Results revealed that dry matter intake (12.8–14.5 kg/day), nutrient digestibility (62.5–68.7 %), and rumen fermentation efficiency were not significantly affected by concentrate supplementation. Milk yield (10.2–11.5 kg/day) and milk composition were similar between cows fed with sole WCRS and those supplemented with concentrate mixture, although milk fat tended to increase in cows fed with sole WCRS. In conclusion, sole WCRS fed to dairy cows without concentrate supplementation resulted in similar feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and milk production as compared to those supplemented with concentrate in lactating dairy cows. These results suggest that in tropical areas where rice crop is surplus, WCRS could sustain reasonable levels of milk production among dairy cows with little or no concentrate supplementation provided that urea and molasses are included in the silage. 相似文献
20.
为了全面了解肉牛饲料营养的最新研究进展,作者查阅并总结了2015年关于肉牛饲料营养的国外文献报道,主要从精饲料、粗饲料以及精、粗饲料搭配3个方面进行了综述。精饲料主要包括蛋白质饲料和能量饲料,其中蛋白质饲料的营养研究主要侧重于不同蛋白质饲料对肉牛消化性能、生产性能、酮体特性和肉质以及瘤胃发酵的影响;能量饲料的营养研究侧重于不同类型及加工工艺对肉牛的生产性能、胴体特性以及瘤胃发酵特性的影响;粗饲料的营养研究主要集中于粗料来源及粗料的加工工艺对肉牛生产性能和消化性能两个方面的影响。另外,对精、粗饲料的搭配比例对肉牛生产性能、胴体特性、瘤胃发酵以及采食行为的影响也进行了综述。通过总结和分析肉牛饲料营养的国外研究成果,为中国肉牛业的快速发展提供一定借鉴。 相似文献