共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
<正>我国是畜牧业大国,随着畜禽养殖规模不断扩大,畜禽粪便、污水等养殖废弃物的产生量也迅速增加,养殖废物若不经处理任意排放,就会严重污染空气和人民生活饮水,危害农田和河流生态,占用大量的土地,降低土壤质量,同时,也会造成人畜交叉传染。另外畜禽养殖场排放的废渣,清洗畜禽体和饲养场地、器具产生的污水及恶臭等也会对环境造成危害和破坏。畜禽养殖污染已成为我国农业污染首要来源,畜禽养殖污染治理己到了刻不容缓的境地。 相似文献
2.
随着畜禽养殖规模的逐步扩大和专业化、机械化程度的不断提高,畜禽生产及畜产品加工过程中产生的大量排泄物和废弃物对周边及养殖场自身环境的污染程度也日益加剧。由于环境法规不健全和资金短缺等诸多原因，相当一部分养殖场的粪便、污水未经无害化处理就随意排放和堆弃，污物中大量的氮、磷、矿物元素及所产生的氨、硫化氢等恶臭气体严重地污染了空气、 相似文献
3.
随着畜禽生产规模的扩大 ,现代化、集约化程度的提高 ,产生的排泄物和废弃物 ,如畜禽尿、粪便、污水等对周围环境及畜禽生活环境的影响越来越突出。因此 ,减轻或消除环境污染 ,已成为规模畜禽养殖场及环境保护事业发展面临的严峻挑战。1 规模畜禽养殖场发展过程存在的主要环境问题规模畜禽养殖场污染因素主要是畜禽饲养过程中产生大量的排泄物和废弃物 ,包括粪便、恶臭气体、污水等 ,有害成分包括病原微生物、有机氮、甲烷、Ｈ2 Ｓ、ＮＨ3等。病原微生物是人类及生物致病的传染源 ,大量有机成分造成水的污染 ,恶臭气体影响人类生活环境。若… 相似文献
4.
畜禽养殖业环境污染问题研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
2.3.2畜禽粪尿对大气环境的污染随着规模化畜禽养殖业的发展,畜禽养殖场向大气中排放恶臭气体量也大量增加,危害着饲养人员及周围居民的身体健康,同时,养殖场内臭气浓度超标,也会影响畜禽的正常生长和发育。养殖场产生的大量恶臭气体,主要有氨、硫化物、甲烷等有毒有害成分。粪便对空气的污染物主要是粪便有机物分解产生的恶臭以及有害气体和携带病原微生物的粉尘。养殖场恶臭除直接或间接危害人畜健康外,还会引起畜禽生产力降低,使养殖场周围城市总粪水量(万吨)北京1193.1上海1456.3天津693.8杭州405.7表41997年部分大中城市规模化养殖畜禽… 相似文献
5.
随着畜禽养殖不断朝着规模化养殖的方向发展,畜禽的养殖数量不断增加,粪便等污染物也相应增加。粪便污染物包含水分,还包含着细菌。如果没有合理处理畜禽的粪便,一方面,会带来环境的污染,影响养殖场的空气质量,污染养殖场的环境;另一方面,大量的粪便堆积还会滋生细菌,增加病害感染的几率,影响畜禽的健康生长。如何有效的处理畜禽规模养殖场粪便污染物,如何减少畜禽粪便污染物的危害,如何减少畜禽粪便的长久堆积的情况,如何加强工作人员处理粪便污染物的措施,如何转变养殖场管理人员处理粪便的观念想法,如何高效转化粪便污染物,如何减少粪便污染物对环境的污染等都是畜禽养殖场管理人员需要考虑思考的问题。本文就畜禽规模养殖场粪便污染物处理的现状进行了分析,讨论了养殖场处理粪便污染物的问题,并提出了相应的综合治理方法,希望可以有效的推动畜禽养殖场粪便污染物的有效治理,推动畜禽养殖业的健康发展。 相似文献
6.
近年来，随着我国人民生活水平的提高，畜禽产品需求量的不断增加，特别是城市“菜篮子”工程的规划和实施推动了畜禽养殖业的快速发展，规模化、集约化的养殖场和养殖小区不断增加，畜禽的粪便和污水排放量剧增，养殖场产生的大量粪便、污水难以用传统的还田方式处理。云南省畜禽养殖多为无序分散。目前，除少数大型规模化养殖场和部分养殖户实施沼气利用和集粪池处理外，大部分养殖场畜禽粪便随地堆积，污水任意流放，严重污染了周围的环境。农民一家一户的小规模饲养，养殖废弃物70％没有经过任何处理直接排入河道或田地，随着养殖业的发展，畜禽粪便和污水作为农村面源污染的主要污染因子之一，受到人们越来越多的关注，已经成为影响畜牧业可持续发展的重要因素。如何在畜牧业现代化养殖发展中，合理发展规模养殖、调整养殖结构与布局的同时治理畜禽养殖污染，成为各级政府、农牧部门和广大牧场需探讨的重要课题，也是我们基层牧医科技工作者需探讨的重要课题。为此，就养殖业畜禽粪便污染与综合治理谈几点认识与建议。 相似文献
7.
8.
养殖业是我国农业和农村经济的重要组成部分,而随着我国改革开放和经济发展,在大、中城市周边建设了一批规模化畜禽养殖场以及畜禽专业养殖区,产生的大量粪便和污水造成地表水、地下水、土壤和环境空气的严重污染,直接影响了人们的身体健康和正常生产生活,给周围城市区域环境和农村生态环境带来了巨大的压力。为控制畜禽养殖业产生的废水、废渣和恶臭对环境的污染,国家环境保护总局发布了《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》,着手治理畜禽养殖场和养殖区的污染难题。这一标准旨在鼓励生态养殖,推动畜禽养殖业可持续健康发展;促进畜禽场在废弃物处理过程中考虑资源化利用,减少末端污染物处理量。经生产实践,现将几种常用的养殖工程中废水处理方法综述如下: 相似文献
9.
近年来,随着畜禽养殖业,尤其是特种动物养殖业的迅猛发展,产生的大量粪便、污水对周围环境造成严重影响。养殖业粪污污染已成为生物现代畜牧业发展的瓶颈。养殖场粪便、污水等若未经处理随地排放,将形成严重的环境污染。因此,规模养殖场废弃物的无害化处理、畜禽粪便综合利用,畜禽养殖场粪污的无害化、 相似文献
10.
1畜产品质量存在的问题 近年来,随着养殖业的快速发展,规模化、集约化的养殖场和养殖小区不断增加,畜禽的粪便和污水排放量剧增,养殖污染问题越来越突出。一些养殖场的粪便随地堆积,污水任意排放,这些粪便进入水体或渗入浅层地下水后,对环境造成严重污染。环境的污染导致金属如汞、砷、铅及其他有毒成分等污染物直接进入动物体内,并在畜禽体内大量蓄积。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
14.
Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
15.
16.
在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.