共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
硒是包括哺乳动物在内许多生物的必需微量元素,与人类健康密切相关。硒分布的不平衡导致所在地食物中硒含量差异较大,且高硒地区的人易发生硒中毒,而低硒地区的人易硒缺乏。胞内硒酸盐经还原及硒磷酸合成酶的活化,在硒代半胱氨酸合酶(SelA)催化下利用Ser-tRNAUGAsec合成硒代半胱氨酸(selenocysteine,Sec),Sec经tRNAUGAsec特异性的类EF-TU延伸因子SelB整合入蛋白质形成硒蛋白。文中主要概述了原核生物硒酸盐的还原代谢和硒代半胱氨酸的插入机制,并提出了利用硒蛋白的合成机制作为检测硒酸盐含量的思路。 相似文献
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A technique for expressing eukaryotic genes in bacteria 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Methods are described that allow efficient expression in Escherichia coli of cloned eukaryotic genes. The methods require that the coding sequence of the gene in question be available in a form uninterrupted by intervening sequences (for example, as a complementary DNA clone). The gene products are synthesized unfused to other amino acid sequences. The genetic manipulations are simple, and require the plasmids described and commercially available enzymes. 相似文献
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Chromosomal locations of the murine T-cell receptor alpha-chain gene and the T-cell gamma gene 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
D M Kranz H Saito C M Disteche K Swisshelm D Pravtcheva F H Ruddle H N Eisen S Tonegawa 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4689):941-945
Two independent methods were used to identify the mouse chromosomes on which are located two families of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like genes that are rearranged and expressed in T lymphocytes. The genes coding for the alpha subunit of T-cell receptors are on chromosome 14 and the gamma genes, whose function is yet to be determined, are on chromosome 13. Since genes for the T-cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig-like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B-cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains. The findings do not support earlier contentions that genes for T-cell receptors are linked to the Ig heavy chain locus (mouse chromosome 12) or to the major histocompatibility complex (mouse chromosome 17). 相似文献
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目前已测定线粒体DNA全序列的鳞翅目昆虫有12种。由于高变异性和强核苷酸组成偏好性,去除了两个蛋白基因和两个物种,最终以10个鳞翅目物种的11个蛋白编码基因拼接序列对鳞翅目分子系统发育关系进行了研究。与前人的结果一致,基于11个蛋白编码基因拼接序列数据所构的最大似然树支持鳞翅目,鳞翅目内各总科和各科均为单系群。与MINET ［1］基于形态学数据的结果相同,各总科的系统发育关系为{卷蛾总科＋［螟蛾总科＋（尺蛾总科＋蚕蛾总科）］}。蚕蛾总科内各科系统发育关系类似于REGIER等［2］的结论。 相似文献
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Bertone P Stolc V Royce TE Rozowsky JS Urban AE Zhu X Rinn JL Tongprasit W Samanta M Weissman S Gerstein M Snyder M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5705):2242-2246
Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes a fundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstanding problem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed a series of high-density oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing sense and antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the human genome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome via hybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed from polyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition to identifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribed sequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these are located in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes and exhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins. 相似文献
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对NCBI已经登记的国内分离的PCV2江苏株(GQ358994.1)进行序列比对及进化分析,并对其ORF3编码蛋白的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学方法分析,对其组分、理化性质、跨膜结构域、二级结构、糖基化位点、磷酸化位点和B细胞抗原表位进行预测和推断。结果表明,PCV2江苏株与国内分离株序列同源性极高(>99%),ORF3蛋白无跨膜区域,二级结构中自由卷曲含量最高,为54.81%,不含有糖基化位点,但有8个磷酸化位点。综合分析得出,ORF3蛋白具有大量的抗原决定簇。通过对ORF3蛋白进行生物信息学方法分析,为PRRSV疫苗设计提供理论基础。 相似文献
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斯卑尔脱小麦α-醇溶蛋白基因克隆与序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】进一步了解斯卑尔脱小麦（Triticum spelta L.）α-醇溶蛋白基因序列信息。【方法】根据已知的普通小麦α-醇溶蛋白基因序列设计引物,采用PCR方法,克隆基因并进行序列分析。【结果】从NGB5149中克隆得到两个α-醇溶蛋白基因序列Gli-Spelt-1和Gli-Spelt-2（GenBank登录号分别为DQ234066和DQ234067）。它们具有α-醇溶蛋白基因的典型结构特征,但Gli-Spelt-1是一个假基因。Spelt-Gli-2编码区全长849 bp,编码263个氨基酸。【结轮】氨基酸序列比较显示,Gli-Spelt-1和Gli-Spelt-2与已报道的α-醇溶蛋白序列有较高的一致性。 相似文献
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Selenium biochemistry 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
T C Stadtman 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,183(128):915-922
The toxicity of selenium to animals and plants has been known and extensively documented since the 1930's, but it is only during the past 15 years that selenium has also been shown to be an essential micronutrient for animals and bacteria. Very little is known about the specific role or roles of selenium and, to date, there are only three enzyme-catalyzed reactions that have been shown to require the participation of a selenium-containing protein. These are the reactions catalyzed by (i) formate dehydrogenase of bacteria, (ii) glycine reductase of clostridia, and (iii) glutathione peroxidase of erythrocytes. The common denominator of these selenium-dependent processes is that they are all oxidation-reduction reactions. A fourth selenoprotein has been isolated from skeletal muscle of sheep but its catalytic function has not been identified. The form in which selenium occurs in these selenoproteins is unknown. The selenoprotein of clostridial glycine reductase contains selenium in a covalently bound form. Studies in progress indicate that this may be an organoselenium compound not previously detected in nature. Identification of the chemical nature of selenium in proteins participating in electron transport processes should enable us to determine its specific role and to understand the basic defects in certain cardiac and skeletal muscle degenerative diseases which are selenium-deficiency syndromes. The greater availability and ease of isolation of the selenoprotein of the bacterial glycine reductase system makes this the biological material of choice for studies on the mechanism of action of selenium. An added attractive feature of this system is that it can conserve the energy made available by the reductive deamination of glycine in a biologically useful form by synthesizing ATP. 相似文献
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麻鸭和樱桃谷鸭的CD3ε、CD4、CD8α基因ORF克隆及序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】分析比较中国部分品种鸭的CD3ε、CD4和CD8α基因ORF序列,为研究CD3ε链、CD4和CD8α链的结构和功能及其抗体的应用提供依据。【方法】利用RT-PCR,对麻鸭、樱桃谷鸭的CD3ε、CD4和CD8α基因ORF序列克隆测定,应用ClustalX（1.83）和DNAstar生物学软件分别与GenBank上公布的北京鸭CD3ε（AF378704）、CD4（AF378701）和CD8α（AF378373）基因ORF序列进行序列分析。【结果】麻鸭、樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭CD3ε和CD4基因ORF序列及所编码的氨基酸同源性为99%;北京鸭和麻鸭CD8α基因ORF序列同源性为99%,与樱桃谷鸭的同源性为95%。麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF序基因编码的氨基酸完全一致,与樱桃谷鸭的CD8α存在16处位点差异,其中胞外区有15个氨基酸的差异,使亲水性、抗原性以及此区域位于蛋白质表面的可能性都有明显差异。从遗传发生树得出樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭、麻鸭CD3ε和CD4的ORF序列相互之间的遗传关系近;樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF序列之间的遗传关系较远。【结论】樱桃谷鸭、北京鸭、麻鸭CD3ε和CD4的ORF序列遗传变异性低,樱桃谷鸭与麻鸭和北京鸭CD8α基因ORF之间具有较高遗传变异性。 相似文献
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以抗病家系与易感家系半滑舌鳎为材料,进行哈维弧菌感染实验,并对易感家系感染前(CsSU)、易感家系感染后(CsSC)、抗病家系感染前(CsRU)、抗病家系感染后(CsRC)4组进行转录组测序,根据RNA-seq数据挖掘半滑舌鳎长链非编码RNA信息;通过生物信息学分析,筛选出与抗哈维弧菌病相关的差异长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)。结果显示,共识别出4 584个lncRNA座位,包含5 714个转录本;其基本特征与编码基因的比较分析,lncRNA的GC含量低于编码基因,单外显子基因数多于编码基因,转录本的平均长度长于编码基因,基因表达量低于编码基因。对4组样品进行两两比较(CsRU vs CsSU、CsRC vs CsSC、CsRC vs CsRU、CsSC vs CsSU)分别筛选出818、813、261、140个差异表达lncRNA,其中CsRU与CsSU之间、CsRC与CsSC之间lncRNA数目差异最多,通过聚类分析确定了各实验组的表达模式之间的联系,CsRU与CsSU之间的表达模式最为相近。通过共表达分析,预测出lncRNA和274个编码基因可能存在14 539种相互关系,并进行了功能注释,进而筛选出7个关键lncRNA。qRT-PCR结果显示,差异表达lncRNAs的表达模式和转录组数据得到的基本一致。研究结果为揭示lncRNA在半滑舌鳎抗哈维弧菌免疫调控反应中的作用提供重要的参考数据。 相似文献
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采用引物步移法测得白边大叶蝉Kolla paulula(Walker)线粒体基因组90%左右的序列,并分析了该叶蝉的线粒体基因组特征。基于23个物种(半翅目)的蛋白编码基因序列,以最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建了头喙亚目系统发育树。已测得序列长度为13 579 bp(AT:73.33%),其中包含了13个蛋白编码基因、21个t RNA基因和1个r RNA基因。除了ND5基因使用GTT作为起始密码子外,其他所有蛋白编码基因均使用ATN作为起始密码子;除了CO II使用不完整的T作为终止密码子,其他所有蛋白编码基因均使用TAA或TAG作为终止密码子。21个t RNA基因中,除了t RNASer(AGN)缺失1个稳定的茎环结构外,其他所有t RNA基因均能形成典型的三叶草二级结构。系统发育分析结果表明,进化树明显可以被分为沫蝉总科+(角蝉总科+蜡蝉总科);白边大叶蝉属于角蝉总科的叶蝉科,白边大叶蝉线粒体基因组特征与其他叶蝉科昆虫相同。 相似文献
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在分析了人ＧｎＲＨ受体基因结构特征的基础上，对小鼠、大鼠和绵羊的ＧｎＲＨ受体基因进行了描述。不同动物ＧｎＲＨ受体基因的结构特征基本相同。ＰＣＲ分析表明编码ＧｎＲＨ受体的基因位于染色体的特定位置。在ＧｎＲＨ受体基因上存在多个启动子和转录起始位点与多重调节序列，表明ＧｎＲＨ受体基因的活动是复杂的和高度调节的。 相似文献
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Tettelin H Saunders NJ Heidelberg J Jeffries AC Nelson KE Eisen JA Ketchum KA Hood DW Peden JF Dodson RJ Nelson WC Gwinn ML DeBoy R Peterson JD Hickey EK Haft DH Salzberg SL White O Fleischmann RD Dougherty BA Mason T Ciecko A Parksey DS Blair E Cittone H Clark EB Cotton MD Utterback TR Khouri H Qin H Vamathevan J Gill J Scarlato V Masignani V Pizza M Grandi G Sun L Smith HO Fraser CM Moxon ER Rappuoli R Venter JC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5459):1809-1815
The 2,272,351-base pair genome of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (serogroup B), a causative agent of meningitis and septicemia, contains 2158 predicted coding regions, 1158 (53.7%) of which were assigned a biological role. Three major islands of horizontal DNA transfer were identified; two of these contain genes encoding proteins involved in pathogenicity, and the third island contains coding sequences only for hypothetical proteins. Insights into the commensal and virulence behavior of N. meningitidis can be gleaned from the genome, in which sequences for structural proteins of the pilus are clustered and several coding regions unique to serogroup B capsular polysaccharide synthesis can be identified. Finally, N. meningitidis contains more genes that undergo phase variation than any pathogen studied to date, a mechanism that controls their expression and contributes to the evasion of the host immune system. 相似文献
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吴敏 《金陵科技学院学报》2007,23(4):40-43
在分析多种图像汉字编码识别方法共同特性及不同点的基础上,结合智能控制与专家经验知识,将执行器、知识库、特征提取器相组合,采用三级并行式结构构造了一个图像汉字编码识别机。决策级综合提取各个编码识别方法中的稳定特征,进行粗分类,识别级根据粗分类识别的具体情况,有针对性的进行系统反馈识别,评判级在识别的过程中记录各编码识别方法的识别结果,从而对各方法的识别效果进行动态评价、排序,进而调整识别方案,加快了分类速度,提高了识别效率。 相似文献
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Visualization of nucleolar genes 总被引：57，自引：0，他引：57
The presence of extrachromosomal nucleoli in amphibian oocytes has permitted isolation and electron microscopic observation of the genes coding for ribosomal RNA precursor molecules. Visualization of these genes is possible because many precursor molecules are simultaneously synthesized on each gene. Individual genes are separated by stretches of DNA that apparently are not transcribed at the time of synthesis of precursor rRNA in the extrachromosomal nucleoli. 相似文献
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【目的】分析灵芝属（Ganoderma）真菌的线粒体基因组特征及进化,为灵芝属物种分类、分子进化和系统发育分析提供理论依据。【方法】基于灵芝属真菌15个线粒体基因组序列,利用MEGA X、MISA、mVISTA、MAFFT、DnaSP、PAML X和IQ-TREE等生物信息学软件对基因组特征、序列多态性、简单重复序列（SSR）、基因进化和系统发育进行分析。【结果】灵芝属真菌线粒体基因组全长为50603~124588 bp,GC含量为25.4%~27.3%,含有15个保守的蛋白编码基因（PCG）、2个rRNA基因和25~29个tRNA基因。SSR主要由AT构成,单核苷酸重复类型比例最高,其次为三核苷酸重复和四核苷酸重复。种间线粒体基因组序列差异较大,非编码区的变异水平高于编码区,nad6、nad3和cob基因编码序列的变异度较高,内含子长度与线粒体基因组大小呈显著正相关。15个保守的线粒体蛋白编码基因主要受纯化选择影响,其中cob、cox1和nad2基因含有正选择位点。基因编码偏好A/T含量高的密码子,27个高频密码子中,13个以A结尾,14个以T结尾。系统发育分析结果显示,灵芝属真菌主要分为2个聚类组,其中紫芝、狭长孢灵芝和G.wiiroense聚为一组;喜热灵芝、白肉灵芝和铁杉灵芝聚成一支,与树舌灵芝、梅氏灵芝、四川灵芝和亮盖灵芝构成姊妹类群,共同构成另一组。【结论】灵芝属真菌的线粒体基因组在进化过程中发生明显的遗传变异,基因组长度主要与内含子插入和删除有关,蛋白编码基因密码子使用偏性强。 相似文献
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Identification of a family of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genes 总被引：100，自引：0，他引：100
Complementary DNAs for three different muscarinic acetylcholine receptors were isolated from a rat cerebral cortex library, and the cloned receptors were expressed in mammalian cells. Analysis of human and rat genomic clones indicates that there are at least four functional muscarinic receptor genes and that these genes lack introns in the coding sequence. This gene family provides a new basis for evaluating the diversity of muscarinic mechanisms in the nervous system. 相似文献