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甜菜幼苗叶片抗氧化系统对干旱胁迫的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《作物杂志》2017,(5)
以抗旱性不同的甜菜品种HI0466和KWS9454为供试材料,在不同水分处理条件下研究了甜菜抗氧化系统生理指标对苗期不同程度水分亏缺的响应机制及其与甜菜抗旱性的关系。结果表明:持续水分胁迫下甜菜幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性及抗氧化物质还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量基本呈现出先升高后下降的趋势,而类胡萝卜素(Car)含量逐步降低。由于抗旱甜菜品种在水分胁迫下各生理指标具有增幅大或降幅较小的特征,因此在胁迫加重时抗旱甜菜品种可维持较高的SOD、POD、CAT活性及Car、AsA含量,以降低膜质过氧化程度,使得其丙二醛(MDA)含量维持在较低水平,但在品种间差异明显。主成分分析结果表明,干旱胁迫条件下SOD、POD活性,MDA、AsA含量均可作为甜菜品种苗期抗旱性鉴定的有效生理指标。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下不同燕麦品种光合荧光特性及其抗旱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《种子》2021,(2)
为研究水分胁迫下不同燕麦品种的抗旱性差异,明确不同燕麦品种在水分胁迫下的光合、荧光生理响应机制及其与燕麦抗旱性的相关性,设置干旱胁迫和充分灌水两种处理,分别在抽穗和开花两个时期对6个燕麦品种的光合、荧光等生理指标进行测定,在成熟期对6个燕麦品种的经济性状和产量性状进行测定,并对不同生理指标和抗旱性间的相关性进行分析。结果表明,在抽穗期和开花期,干旱胁迫导致胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、光合速率下降,且开花期受影响较为严重。水分胁迫导致Fo增加,Fm、Fv、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo下降;隶属函数综合分析结果表明,0905-12-14为强抗旱型品种,张莜14号为抗旱型品种,张燕1号、张燕4号为中抗型品种,张燕3号、张莜7号为弱抗型品种;抽穗和开花期干旱胁迫下,产量性状和光合参数间的相关性较强,且光合速率和品种抗旱性间的相关性较强。充分灌溉条件下,产量性状和品种抗旱性与叶绿素荧光参数间有较强的相关性。综合分析表明,抗旱性强的品种对干旱胁迫的适应调节能力强,0905-12-14抗旱性最强,张燕3号、张莜7号抗旱性最弱,利用光合指标、抗旱系数、抗旱指数、敏感指数可作为燕麦抗旱性初步鉴定的指标。 相似文献
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绿豆苗期对聚乙二醇模拟旱胁迫的生理响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验以4个抗旱性不同的绿豆品种为材料,利用聚乙二醇6000(PEG6000)5%,10%和20%的不同浓度模拟不同程度的旱胁迫,测定分析7个生理指标的响应,筛选适宜绿豆苗期杭旱鉴定的生理指标。结果表明:10% PEG处理第6天的超氧阴离子(02-·)产生速率,5% PEG处理第b天的相对电导率,10% PEG处理第3天的过氧化物酶(POD)活性,5% PEG处理第9天的脱落酸(ABA)含量可作为绿豆苗期杭旱鉴定的生理指标。 相似文献
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本研究选用5种不同基因型小麦F2代的种子,采用沙培控水方式对其幼苗进行不同程度的水分胁迫,分析不同小麦幼苗对水分胁迫的生理反应,以期筛选出抗旱性较强的小麦材料。水分胁迫处理到12、15、18天时,采样测定小麦叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性以及游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,在干旱胁迫下,5种小麦幼苗的各项生理指标都表现不同程度的变化,其中,小麦材料024737受干旱胁迫条件的影响比其他4种小麦材料要小,其抗旱性较高。
相似文献6.
水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种根部生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了了解燕麦抗旱生理机制,以抗旱性不同的燕麦品种‘蒙燕1号’和‘坝莜3号’为试验材料,采用盆栽方式,研究拔节期和抽穗期水分胁迫对不同抗旱性燕麦品种根部生理特性的影响。结果表明,在拔节期抗旱品种‘蒙燕1号’在重度胁迫下根部可溶性蛋白合成受抑制,弱抗品种‘坝莜3号’在中度胁迫下就受到抑制,在抽穗期随着水分胁迫加剧,弱抗品种‘坝莜3号’可溶性蛋白含量下降幅度大于抗旱品种‘蒙燕1号’;在2个生育时期,可溶性糖、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和相对电导率均随胁迫梯度加剧而升高;重度胁迫下丙二醛(MDA)在拔节期和抽穗期,‘蒙燕1号’分别上升了39.79%、14.88%,而‘坝莜3号’分别上升了188%、45.98%;在拔节期重度胁迫下,‘蒙燕1号’的POD活性上升27.4%,而‘坝莜3号’上升了98%;抽穗期,在中度胁迫下‘坝莜3号’品种的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降33.16%,而‘蒙燕1号’品种仍维持较高水平仅下降4.05%。综合分析表明,拔节期,中度胁迫下抗旱品种‘蒙燕1号’的根部生理特性受影响较小,具有较优的抗旱生理特性。 相似文献
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研究了两个抗旱性不同的马铃薯品种(荷兰15号和克新1号）在不同灌溉方式下的生长、生理特性和水分利用效率。结果表明, 不同灌溉方式对马铃薯生理指标有显著影响。隔沟交替灌溉区的植株株高和叶面积高于常规灌溉区和固定隔沟灌溉区。隔沟交替灌溉提高了干旱胁迫应答抗氧化酶过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,而反映胁迫受害程度的丙二醛（MDA）浓度均低于常规灌溉和固定隔沟灌溉处理。在隔沟交替灌溉条件下,克新1号的产量比常规灌溉提高了3.84％,水分利用效率比对照提高了35%。荷兰15号的产量与常规灌溉没有显著差异,水分利用效率比对照提高了28%。由此得出,在马铃薯生产中应用隔沟交替灌溉技术具有较大的节水增产潜力,其中克新1号是水分利用效率高、抗旱性强的品种。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对不同产地板蓝根幼苗抗氧化物酶活性和根系活力的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
运用聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟水分胁迫的方法,测定水分胁迫下3个不同产地板蓝根幼苗叶片抗氧化物酶活性和根系活力的生理指标,以期确定3个不同产地板蓝根对水分胁迫的响应。结果表明,-0.4 Mp胁迫条件下,SOD,CAT和POD活性和根系活力变化比-0.2 Mpa条件下更剧烈,从水分胁迫初期到中期,保护酶SOD,CAT和POD活性逐渐上升,在胁迫后期保护酶活性逐步下降。随着水分胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长,幼苗根系活力逐步降低。对水分胁迫忍耐较强的品种是安徽板蓝根,其次是山西和陕西板蓝根。 相似文献
9.
干旱胁迫对不同冬小麦品种幼苗期生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究小麦幼苗时期生理指标等方面的抗旱特性,为今后抗旱小麦新品种的培育提供基础的理论依据。选用5个肥水类型不同的小麦品种,在20% PEG-6000(w/v)水分胁迫条件下,研究不同冬小麦品种幼苗时期的生理抗旱特性,并对幼苗期抗旱生理指标与抗旱指数做了相关性分析。结果表明,在20%的PEG-6000(w/v)渗透胁迫后,5个小麦品种渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均上升,且上升的程度与抗旱性一致;胁迫条件下保护酶系统SOD和POD活性均降低,其中POD活性呈先上升后降低的趋势;膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量升高。与高肥水品种相比,‘青麦7号’和‘鲁麦21’的可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量较高,随胁迫时间延长增加的幅度大;MDA含量积累的速度以及SOD、POD活性降低的速度较为缓慢。其中,可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、SOD活性以及POD活性与抗旱性鉴定指标抗旱指数存在极显著相关性,可以作为小麦抗旱性鉴定的早期生理指标。 相似文献
10.
为快速比较红三叶(Trifolium pretense)植株抗旱性,采用不同浓度PEG-6000溶液对4个野生红三叶材料和1个红三叶品种进行不同程度的水分胁迫处理,研究不同水分胁迫对各材料叶片中生理生化指标的影响。结果表明：不同PEG干旱胁迫处理下,巫溪红三叶叶片含水量降幅较低,20% PEG处理下与对照相比下降幅度为28.49%,叶片电导率均最低,为对照的2.78倍,MDA含量增幅较小,为对照的2.84倍,叶片细胞膜系统有较强的抗旱能力;而红三叶06-4叶片含水量降幅最大,在强度渗透胁迫下与对照相比下降幅度为35.32%,叶片电导率在20% PEG处理时为对照5.01倍,MDA含量增幅最大,为对照的4.24倍,其忍耐干旱的性能相对较弱。渗透胁迫下各品种叶片游离脯氨酸含量显著增加,当PEG浓度为20%时,巫溪红三叶脯氨酸含量急剧上升,为对照的30.84倍。红三叶各材料的SOD活性在轻度干旱胁迫时均提高,胁迫程度增强时SOD活性下降。PEG胁迫导致红三叶各材料叶片相对含水量下降、细胞膜透性增大、MDA含量上升、脯氨酸含量增加而SOD活性下降,但4个材料和1个红三叶品种对应指标的变化幅度存在差异,巫溪红三叶表现出较强的抗旱性,而‘红三叶06-4’抗旱性较弱。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献