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1.
参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计引物15对,用PCR产物直接测序法测得绿头鸭线粒体基因组全序列,初步分析其基因组特点和各基因的定位。结果显示：绿头鸭线粒体基因组全长16606bp,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),其组成和排列顺序与已知雁形目鸟类相似。基于GenBank已有D-loop区序列,用N-J法构建河鸭类系统进化树。结果表明：河鸭类分为3个进化枝。其中,家鸭、绿头鸭及斑嘴鸭构成一枝 ,初步推断我国家鸭起源于绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭,或是绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭的杂交后代。 相似文献
2.
采用Long-PCR方法,克隆并测定了樟蚕(Eriogyna pyretorum)线粒体基因组全序列。樟蚕线粒体基因组全序列为15,327bp,基因组碱基组成为39.17%A,11.55%C,7.63%G,41.65%T,共有13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个AT富含区(A+T-rich区)。樟蚕线粒体基因组结构与鳞翅目其他昆虫相同。除cox1和cox2基因外,其他蛋白编码基因含有典型的ATN起始密码子;13个蛋白质编码基因中,有11个使用TAA作为终止密码子。预测了22个tRNA基因的二级结构,发现除trnS1(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其他的tRNA具有典型的三叶草结构。 相似文献
3.
江苏省拥有众多优良的地方鸡(Gallus gallus domesticus)遗传资源。这些地方鸡品种经过长期选育,具有肉质好、抗病力强和适应性好等优点,是进行杂交改良的优良素材。为研究江苏省地方鸡遗传资源的群体结构和遗传多样性,本研究对黑狼山、白狼山、鹿苑、溧阳和太湖等5个江苏省地方鸡品种149个个体的线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA)控制区(displacement loop, D-loop)全序列进行了PCR扩增和测序。结果表明,5个地方品种mtDNA D-loop区全长为1 231或1 232 bp,共计检测到核苷酸变异位点33个,定义了19个单倍型。总体单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.862±0.017和0.005 91±0.00135。中介网络图分析显示,江苏省地方品种含有A、B、C、D和E共5个分支(单倍型群),其中A和B分支为优势分支。分子方差(analysis of molecular variance, AMOVA)分析表明,群体内变异占66.5%,群体间变异占33.5%,5个群体间的固定指数F统计量(F-statistics, Fst)为0.334 97(P0.01)。上述结果揭示,江苏地方品种具有相对较低的遗传多样性,可能有5个母系来源,品种间分化不明显,少数群体可能受到了外来高产系的侵入。该研究结果为江苏地方鸡遗传资源的保护、开发及利用提供了遗传背景信息。 相似文献
4.
鹅出血性多瘤病毒(Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus,GHPV)为近年来我国鸭群新发病原。为明确我国鸭源GHPV基因组特征,本研究利用分段PCR扩增技术克隆获得樱桃谷鸭(Anas platyrhynchos domestica)源GHPV(FJ201601株)全基因组序列,并对其进行核苷酸同源性比较和遗传进化分析。结果表明,克隆的GHPV(FJ201601株)全基因组序列长为5 254 bp(Gen Bank登录号MG544856),(G+C)%含量为48.01%,编码的6个主要功能基因(ORF-X,VP2,VP3,VP1,Large T和Small T)长度分别为510、981、654、1062、1 911和483 bp。核苷酸同源性分析表明,FJ201601株和其他不同地区、不同宿主来源GHPV相互之间基因组核苷酸同源性较高(99.7%以上);其6个主要功能基因和其他不同地区、不同宿主来源GHPV相应基因的核苷酸(99.4%以上)和氨基酸同源性(98.2%以上)均极高。从全基因组及其编码的6个主要功能基因遗传进化关系可见,GHPV各分离株在基因组上亲缘关系较近,6个主要功能基因在遗传进化上差异不大,但北京鸭源GHPV和樱桃谷鸭源GHPV在遗传进化上仍存在细微差别,且不同宿主(多品种鸭和鹅)源GHPV在遗传进化上不存在宿主特异性。本研究丰富了GHPV分子流行病学数据,明确了GHPV基因组分子特征,为后续开展GHPV相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
5.
家蚕线粒体基因组全序列测定与分析 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
家蚕（Bombyx mori)线粒体基因组全序列为15664bp,AT含量较高，为81．3％，包括13个蛋白质编码基因，2个rRNA基因，22个tRNA基因 一段498bp的A＋T富集区域。与其它10种节肢动物线粒体基因组全序列相比，家蚕与果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster)在核苷酸组成，编码偏好性，以及氨基酸组成上较相近，只是在基因排列上，tRNA^Met的位置发生了重排，在家蚕线粒体基因组中，tRNA^Met位于A＋T富集区与tRNA^Ile之间，而在果蝇中，其位于tRNA^Tln与ND2基因之间。 相似文献
6.
耐辐射奇球菌Deinococcus radiodurans中非编码RNA 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
耐辐射奇球菌(Deinococcus Radiodurans)对电离辐射、紫外线以及强氧化剂等方面具有惊人的抗性。非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)在参与转录调控、RNA的加工与修饰、mRNA的转录、蛋白质的运输与稳定性调节等方面具有非常明显的作用。本文通过概率上下文无关算法(Stochastic ContextFree Grammar,SCFG),对耐辐射奇球菌R1菌株的基因间序列进行相似二级结构预测,结果发现,在耐辐射奇球菌R1基因组的非编码区存在28个非编码RNA家族。其中IRE家族成员最多,其次是Histone3、tRNA和SECIS家族。所发现的DicF与ctRNA_pGA1t、mRNA等家族成员为细菌所特有。与其他生物比较分析结果显示,可以用这些非编码RNA来研究耐辐射奇球菌的生物学功能,并为进一步研究其DNA损伤与修复分子机制提供依据。 相似文献
7.
番茄不孕病毒BJ株系基因组测定与侵染性克隆 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
番茄不孕病毒(Tomato aspermy virus,TAV)可侵染包括藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、茄科(Solanaceae)等在内的24个双子叶家族和3个单子叶家族的100多种植物,是具有重要经济价值的植物病毒之一.为研究TAV BJ株系(Tomato aspermy virus,TAV-BJ)的基因组功能,本实验对TAV-BJ基因组克隆测序,并构建侵染性克隆.以TAV-BJ侵染心叶烟(ic otiana glutinosa)的总RNA为模板,RT-PCR获得其RNA2和RNA3;以TAV-BJ的dsRNA为模板,RT-PCR获得全长RNA1,目的片段PCR产物克隆测序获得TAV-BJ基因组全序列信息.RNA1全长3 409 nt,编码994个氨基酸的1a蛋白;RNA2全长3 023 nt,含2个开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),2a ORF编码829个氨基酸的2a蛋白,2b ORF编码78个氨基酸的2b蛋白;RNA3全长为2 216 nt,包含2个ORF,3a ORF编码247个氨基酸的3a蛋白,外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)ORF 编码219个氨基酸的CP蛋白(TAV-BJ基因组RNA1、2和3 GenBank登录号分别为HQ424163,HQ424164和HQ424165).TAV-BJ基因组cDNA克隆体外转录成RNA并接种于心叶烟上,结果表明转录产物在寄主上的症状反应和TAV-BJ病毒粒子RNA的接种相一致,TAV-BJ基因组cDNA侵染性克隆具有活性.由TAV-BJ各个基因片段与缺失2b基因的黄瓜花叶病毒Fny株系(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV-Fny△2b)构建的假重组病毒接种于心叶烟,结果显示TAV-BJ的RNA2和RNA3能恢复CMV-Fny△2b在寄主上症状反应.嵌合型RNA3F3aTcp和RNA3T3aFcp的症状反应结果表明,F1F2△2bRNA3 T3aFcp在寄主上产生花叶症状与F1 F2△2bT3相一致.本研究获得TAV-BJ的基因组序列,成功构建侵染性克隆,同时发现TAV-BJ的3a基因具有CMV-Fny的2b基因的某些功能. 相似文献
8.
雁鹅遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以安徽省郎溪县雁鹅原种鹅场的雁鹅(Anser)为研究材料,应用ISSR技术对种群的遗传多样性进行研究.筛选出43个ISSR引物,对94个供试样本进行了扩增,共扩增出216个位点,每条引物扩增出的谱带数在2～7之间,平均为5.0条;多态谱带比率在16.67%～100%之间,平均为65.60%,材料间遗传距离为0.2～0.45.用不加权算术平均组对法(UPGMA)构建了雁鹅种群的遗传系谱,结果94个个体可分为3大类群,第1类群由1个个体组成,第2类群由6个个体组成,第3类群由87个个体组成. 相似文献
9.
通过PCR扩增,从融安金柑基因组DNA中克隆出一条2 361 bp的DNA片段,该DNA克隆含有1个2 081 bp的LEAFY同源基因全长序列(FcLFY)。金柑LEAFY同源基因包含2个内含子和3个外显子,编码398个氨基酸。比对结果表明,金柑LEAFY同源基因与甜橙、枳的LEAFY同源基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列的同源性均为98%。该研究为今后从分子水平上研究金柑开花调控机理打下了坚实的基础。 相似文献
10.
为探讨γ射线辐射引起水稻损伤效应的小RNA变异,采用0、300和400 Gy的60Co-γ射线辐射处理水稻高粳糯种子,利用Illumina HiSeqTM 2500高通量测序平台对辐射后的高粳糯三叶期叶片进行小RNA测序。结果显示,0 Gy(对照)组共获得7 395 578个小RNA,254个已知miRNA成熟序列,26个新miRNA成熟序列;300 Gy剂量组(Gy3)共获得10 315 701个小RNA,265个已知miRNA成熟序列,29个新miRNA成熟序列;400 Gy剂量组(Gy4)共获得6 469 869个小RNA,261个已知miRNA成熟序列,29个新miRNA成熟序列。GO富集分析显示,Gy4 vs CK组差异miRNAs对应的候选基因富集到生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能三大类共58个小类,其中涉及分子功能的基因最多。Gy3 vs Gy4组差异miRNAs对应的候选基因富集到生物过程和分子功能两大类共7个小类,以离子结合、过渡金属离子结合和氧化还原酶活性占主要比例。KEGG富集分析显示前20条显著富集途径,Gy3 vs CK组差异miRNAs对应的候选基因富集到植物病原互作最高,富集最显著的是植物昼夜节律。Gy4 vs CK组差异miRNAs对应的候选基因组富集到代谢途径最高,富集最显著的是甘油磷脂代谢和醚脂类代谢,Gy3 vs Gy4组差异miRNAs对应的候选基因富集到甘油磷脂代谢、真核生物的核糖体发生和内吞作用三个途径最高,富集最显著的是醚脂类代谢。本研究从RNA水平为辐射诱变水稻引起当代的苗期损伤效应提供了新见解。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献