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1.
基于土壤扰动与牵引阻力的深松铲结构参数优化 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
针对目前深松铲作业阻力大的问题,以3种深松铲(凿形、箭形、翼形)为研究对象,以深松铲的铲形、入土角α和张角β为试验因素,在辽宁省春玉米垄作区,进行了田间正交试验。检测了深松沟土壤扰动等指标和深松阻力F,计算了深松沟形面积与牵引阻力比值即沟形面积比阻。结果表明,α、β对耕后土壤特性、深松沟形面积和沟形面积比阻没有显著影响。α对阻力F有显著影响,F随α先减小,再增大,当α为21°时阻力最小。铲形对耕后土壤特性、深松沟形面积、阻力F和沟形面积比阻有显著影响,凿形铲、箭形铲和翼形铲作业对土壤扰动面积依次增大,翼形铲的扰动面积分别比凿形铲和箭形铲大49.8%、30.0%,箭形铲扰动面积比凿形铲大15.3%(P0.05);但翼形铲所受阻力分别比箭形铲和凿形铲大123.6%和36.6%,箭形铲比凿形铲所受阻力大63.7%(P0.05)。从凿形铲到翼形铲,沟形面积比阻依次增大,凿形铲的沟形面积比阻分别较箭形铲和翼形铲小42.4%和50.2%(P0.05),箭形铲的沟形面积比阻较翼形铲小5.4%(P0.05)。综合深松铲对土壤扰动疏松效果、牵引阻力及沟形面积比阻分析,入土角α为21°的凿形铲是相对最优的铲形。 相似文献
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1SNL系列等浅翻深松机结构特点及其安装调试
1SNL系列浅翻深松机是一种浅层由铧式犁翻耕,下部由单柱凿式带翼松土铲深松的浅翻深松机.
1.结构特点
1SNL系列浅翻深松机主要由梁架、松土铲柄、松土翼铲、松土铲、小犁体等组成.梁架可以安装松土铲柄等深松部件,进行土壤深松作业,也可以安装铧式犁犁柱等部件,进行土壤翻耕作业.松土铲柄由下自上安装有松土铲、松土翼铲和小犁体.小犁体高度方向可以上下调整,松土铲可更换,松土翼铲和小犁体可拆除.松土铲横向间隔35cm,小犁体单体作业幅宽30cm.限深轮在机架一侧,深松深度通过调节限深轮相对机架高度实现.使用中可以卸去小犁体,成为单柱凿式带翼深松铲式深松机. 相似文献
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深松铲不同翼铲安装高度时土壤扰动行为仿真与试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
翼铲的安装高度是带翼深松铲的关键结构参数之一,其对深松土壤扰动行为产生重要影响。综合运用EDEM和室内土槽试验,研究了翼铲安装高度(55、75、95、115、135 mm)对深松土壤扰动行为的影响。结果表明:随着翼铲安装高度增加,耕后犁底层土壤扰动面积先增大后减小,在翼铲安装高度为75 mm时最大,水平耕作阻力逐渐减小,深松铲铲尖和犁底层圆弧段所受水平耕作阻力为深松铲水平耕作阻力的主要来源(90%以上),其随翼铲安装高度增大逐渐减小;翼铲安装高度直接影响耕作时不同深度土壤在不同方向的位移,当翼铲安装高度为75 mm时,深松铲纵向中心位置的各层土壤在耕作方向的最大位移相对较小,其犁底层土壤在竖直方向最大位移相对较大,表层和耕作层土壤在竖直方向最大位移相对较小;翼铲安装高度对土壤扰动效果产生重要影响,且离散元仿真能够准确模拟深松土壤的扰动过程,5个翼铲安装高度下土壤膨松度、土壤扰动系数、土壤碎土系数、土壤纵向堆积角的试验值和仿真值的平均误差分别为11.69%、11.54%、14.20%、9.64%。 相似文献
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为解决目前深松作业机具在南方大粘性、易板结及压实特别严重的土壤特性下,机具耕作阻力大、深松质量不高的问题,对带翼振动深松铲深松机理进行研究。通过对机具深松部件进行运动仿真,对速度、加速度、运动轨迹进行分析表明:铲翼和铲尖的切削和抬升土壤过程同步交替进行;铲尖水平方向速度和加速度幅值很大,主要切削土壤,铲翼垂直速度和加速度幅值很大,主要抬升土壤;铲翼对土壤进行二次的破碎疏松,以较小的耕作阻力有效提高了土壤疏松质量。田间试验结果表明:振动深松后在10~20cm和20~30cm土层的坚实度降低了54.2%和53.7%,不振动深松10~20cm和20~30cm土层的坚实度降低了41.6%和48.8%;特别是在0~1 0 cm土层振动深松使土壤坚实度比深松前降低了7 0.1%,远大于不振动深松的4 2.7%;带翼深松铲振动深松相比不振动深松可以减少3.2%~27.2%的牵引力阻力,减阻效果明显。由此可为带翼深松铲结构优化和提高深松机具在南方的作业性能提供理论参考。 相似文献
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根据复式作业机具的结构形式和对深松作业的要求,对比凿形铲式和可调翼铲式两种深松器的工作性能,试验研究了深松机功率消耗影响因素之间的关系。通过改变速度、耕深的参数,进行了速度、耕深和是否带翼的三因素三水平的正交试验。结果表明,影响其功率消耗的主次顺序为：耕深→速度→是否带翼。 相似文献
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胡萝卜联合收获机高效减阻松土铲设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对胡萝卜联合收获机作业时松土铲普遍存在作业阻力大、漏拔率高等问题,设计了一种高效减阻松土铲。以狗獾爪趾为仿生原型设计了仿生减阻铲尖,并分析了其减阻机理,建立了铲翼与土壤间的力学接触模型,确定了影响松土铲作业质量的铲翼结构参数。基于EDEM离散元仿真技术,建立了部件-土壤-作物多元仿真模型,通过单因素试验与正交旋转组合试验,确定了铲翼结构参数取值范围及其对指标的影响规律。建立了试验因素与指标间的多目标优化数学模型,运用Design-Expert 8. 0. 6软件确定了松土铲的最优参数组合,通过田间性能试验验证了高效减阻松土铲的作业性能。结果表明:影响胡萝卜联合收获机松土铲作业质量的主要结构参数为铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β,当铲翼开角α和铲翼倾角β分别为120. 27°和47. 37°时,松土铲作业性能最优,最优组合下前进阻力与胡萝卜拔取力分别为1 908. 76 N和55. 37 N。经田间性能试验验证,田间试验结果与仿真优化结果基本一致,与凿式松土铲相比,高效减阻松土铲前进阻力降低了5. 79%,胡萝卜拔取力降低了20. 68%,漏拔率降低了3. 8个百分点,满足胡萝卜收获农艺要求。 相似文献
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农村现有的拖拉机基本上都是中小功率的,与作业阻力较大的全方位深松机不相匹配。为此,设计了一种与中小功率拖拉机相配套的深松整地机。详细阐述深松机关键部件深松铲的刀头和翼铲受力情况和设计思路,分析计算深松机牵引阻力,旨在为机具的推广应用提供参考。 相似文献
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基于田间摄像的多参数水稻土深松扰动行为与效应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
耕作机具的土壤扰动行为密切联系土壤失效机理与耕作效应,是优化耕作系统的重要依据。本研究通过土壤耕作原位综合测试平台开展单铲深松试验,从5个方位录制深松视频,同时配合使用微地貌测试、耕作阻力测试、EDEM仿真、深松扰动剖面土壤紧实度测试和深松理论检验,探究深松铲入土角α和耕深D对水稻土深松扰动过程、土壤失效机理及深松效应的影响。结果表明,摄像法提取的纵向碎土距离R、扰动宽度W及抬土高度H与α和D显著相关,可用于水稻土深松扰动行为的定量表述。摄像法显示水稻土难以脆性断裂,铲两侧发生非对称性土壤剪切失效。土壤沿曲柄攀升,抬土高度H随α增大,随D减小,表明深松铲的设计参数和作业参数同时影响抬土能力。R随对应耕深范围内铲的纵向水平长度L线性增加,W随α线性增加。地表平整度S和扰动宽度W均在耕深20 cm时最大。深松土壤扰动行为的EDEM仿真从微观层面再现了摄像法记录的非对称性失效、侧向挤压失效和深松新月形失效现象,表明该离散元模型用于解析水稻土深松力学的科学性。EDEM仿真进一步显示出应力集中区沿铲尖与铲柄破土刃周期性上下移动,同时也对铲下方底层土造成挤压。深松扰动剖面土壤紧实度等值线图验证了仿真过程中铲尖下方形成的土壤压实带,并直观展示出耕深30 cm时,犁底层土壤因侧向挤压流变形成的沟槽状紧实壁面。本文结合田间原位摄像法的多参数测试研究可为深松铲和耕作系统的优化提供依据。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献