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通过对国内外文献资料的检索，综述了红色青霉素、桔青霉素、黄绿青霉素、展青霉素、震颤毒素和青霉酸等六种青霉素的毒性作用。结果表明，上述六种青霉毒素对人、动物都有明显毒性作用，其中，桔青霉素是肾脏毒；展青霉素、震颤毒素是神经毒；红色青霉素对肝脏和肾脏都有损害作用；青霉酸能致肝炎和致突变性；黄绿青霉素、青霉酸、展青霉素具有致癌性。而且，青霉毒素的致毒性具有慢性、隐蔽性、潜在性的特点。 相似文献
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通过对国内外文献资料的检索，综合了红色素青霉素、枝叶青霉素、黄绿青霉素、展青霉素，震颤毒素和青霉酸等六种青霉素的毒性作用。结果表明，上述六种青霉素对人、动物都有明显毒性作用，其中，桔青霉素是肾脏毒；展青霉素、震颤毒素是神经毒；红色青霉素对肝脏和肾脏都有损害作用；青霉酸能致肝炎和致突变性；黄绿青霉素、青霉酸、展青霉素具有致癌性。而且，青霉素素的致毒性具有慢性，隐蔽性，潜在性的特点。 相似文献
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陈凤鸣陈佳亿李颖慧黄兴国 《动物营养学报》2019,(9):3944-3952
霉菌毒素是霉菌生长产生的次级代谢物,其高毒性和强致癌性严重威胁动物生产性能和人类健康,给畜牧业和食品工业带来巨大经济损失,因此,研究霉菌毒素的毒性机制具有重要的意义。霉菌毒素引起机体氧化应激,继而引发细胞毒性作用,如细胞凋亡、DNA损伤等。本文综述了主要的几种霉菌毒素吸收与代谢,重点阐述了由氧化应激介导的毒性作用,以期对霉菌毒素毒性机制有更加全面认识,为从缓解氧化应激的角度解决畜禽生产中霉菌毒素问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。 相似文献
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T-2毒素是由镰刀菌产生的毒性最强的霉菌毒素，广泛存在于动物饲料和贮存的谷物中。T-2毒素理化性质稳定，难以从污染的饲料和谷物中去除，被世界卫生组织列为不可避免的食品污染物，严重威胁人和动物健康。神经系统是T-2毒素攻击的靶系统之一，T-2毒素可通过破坏血脑屏障进入脑组织，诱导氧化应激，造成脑细胞氧化损伤和凋亡。论文系统地总结了T-2毒素神经毒性的研究进展，分析了T-2毒素神经毒性的分子机制及未来研究需要关注的重点和发展趋势，旨在为揭示T-2毒素神经毒性机制提供理论基础，为发掘缓解T-2毒素神经毒性靶标药物提供理论参考。 相似文献
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本文从临床症状、病理变化等方面概述了黄曲霉毒素、麦角、单端孢霉毒素、串珠镰刀霉菌毒素、赭曲霉毒素、卵孢霉素、红青霉素等引起的家禽中毒。 相似文献
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T-2毒素是一种毒性作用很强的霉菌毒素,是以镰刀菌属为主要产毒菌株所产生的一种A类单端孢霉烯族毒素,在多种谷物中的污染水平较高,通过食物摄入后在人类和动物机体内产生一系列毒性作用,严重威胁人类和动物的健康。论文从T-2毒素的理化性质、产毒菌株、毒性作用及对细胞凋亡的作用机制进行了简述,重点介绍了T-2毒素在免疫系统、消化系统和肝脏毒性、神经和皮肤毒性、血液毒性、生殖毒性方面的研究进展,以及T-2毒素通过线粒体信号通路介导细胞凋亡机制的研究进展,为T-2毒素的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是霉菌在生长过程中产生的对动物、人类和作物具有重大毒性的次级代谢产物。霉菌毒素的种类繁多，广泛存在于饲料的原料中，饲料中的霉菌毒素主要是通过谷物的生产、饲料的储藏和运输而产生的。不同的霉菌所产生的毒素各不相同，造成的危害程度也不相同，其中毒性最大的有黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉菌毒素、玉米赤酶稀酮、呕吐毒素、T2毒素等。笔者认为：（1）霉菌毒素普遍存在。（2）大家对于霉菌毒素认识一致。（3）饲料中霉菌毒素危害严重。下面，笔者根据多年来的工作经验就这一问题做一简单总结。 相似文献
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赭曲霉毒素A和T-2毒素毒性及近年污染程度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
赭曲霉毒素A和T-2毒素是对动物生产危害较大的两种霉菌毒素.本文介绍了赭曲霉毒素A和T-2毒素的毒性,并对近年来赭曲霉毒素A和T-2毒素在我国的污染情况进行分析.结果显示我国饲料及饲料原料受赭曲霉毒素A和T-2毒素污染程度较轻. 相似文献
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猪水肿病菌株毒素的抽提、鉴定和产毒量比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对分离自江苏、上海等地的１５株仔猪水肿病菌株进行了毒素抽提，细胞毒性和动物试验鉴定结果表明，其中１４株能产生水肿病毒素（ＳＬＴ－Ⅱｖ），说明水肿病的发生与毒素密切相关。本文比较了这些菌株的产毒量，筛选出４株高产毒素菌株。 相似文献
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Embryotoxic effects of 25 mycotoxins were investigated in two-, three- and four-day chick embryos; the results were evaluated on the eighth day of development. The embryotoxicity ranged from 0.0001 to 0.1 microgram per embryo in T-2 toxin, aflatoxin B1, G1, B2 and M1, cytochalasin E, ochratoxin A and PR-toxin; from 0.1 to 1.0 microgram per embryo in sterigmatocystin, aflatoxin G2, vomitoxin (4deoxynivalenol), patulin, rubratoxin B, secalonic acid D, mycophenolic acid, and from 1.0 to 100 micrograms per embryo in penicillic acid, cyclopiazonic acid, tenuazonic acid, citrinine, brevianamide A, zearalenone, fusaric acid, griseofulvin, kojic acid and 8-methoxypsolaren. Acute cardiotoxic effects were observed in PR-toxin, patulin, rubratoxin B, penicillic acid, citrinine and zearalenone. Teratogenic effects with a spectrum of different embryonal malformations occurred in T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A, PR-toxin, patulin, secalonic acid D, mycophenolic acid and citrinine. The embryotoxic effects demonstrated in chick embryos correlated with the well-know literary data on mammals. Considering the different chemical composition and biological effects of mycotoxins, we suppose that the embryotoxicity test of chick embryos will also be suitable for testing other biologically active substances in the environment. 相似文献
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In vitro study on berseem hay and wheat straw was undertaken to investigate the the effect of mycotoxin contamination on dry matter and organic matter digestibilities. The data revealed a negative effect of most studied mycotoxins on the materials digestibility. Among the investigated mycotoxins, penicillic acid with its two concentrations (5 and 10 nmol) was the most negative, affecting digestibilities of both feed materials. Wheat straw digestibility was more influenced than berseem hay by the ochratoxin A, citrinin and sterigmatocystin (besides the penicillic acid) particularly with their high level (10 nmol). Yet, some mycotoxins act as antibiotics which may affect only the harmful flora but encourage the rumen microflora resulting in slight improvement of digestibility. The rumen conditions were able to metabolize or deform the used levels of all mycotoxins studied. Thus, there were no detectable residues of these mycotoxins in the digestion media after the in vitro fermentation. 相似文献
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为探讨圆弧青霉菌毒素—青霉酸对小鼠脾脏组织的毒性作用,采用TUNEL法和RT-PCR对染毒后脾脏细胞凋亡和Bcl-2、Bax及Fas/FasL等凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的影响进行研究。结果表明,随着青霉酸染毒剂量的增加,脾脏组织中细胞凋亡数量逐渐增多。染青霉酸低剂量组脾脏组织中Bcl-2、Fas和FasL的表达增加,Bax表达下降,高剂量组和中剂量组中Bax、Fas和FasL表达增加,Bcl-2表达下降,说明青霉酸可能通过促使Bax、Fas/FasL表达增加和Bcl-2表达降低来诱导小鼠脾脏细胞的凋亡。 相似文献
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Birgit Puschner 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2002,32(2):409-419
The relevance of many mycotoxins to small animal health is difficult to assess, because available information has not been collated and reviewed. Only aflatoxins, penitrem A, and roquefortine have been confirmed in natural mycotoxicoses in pets. Effects of tricothecene mycotoxins, patulin, and penicillic acid on dogs and cats have only been studied experimentally and have not been confirmed in natural outbreaks. Although they make up only a small portion of the cases presented to veterinarians, mycotoxicoses often require special effort. Establishing an accurate diagnosis is crucial to minimize exposure and provide adequate treatment. In most cases, clinical examination, clinical pathologic testing, and analytical chemistry analysis of suspect feed are necessary to reach a diagnosis. 相似文献
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P. K. C. Austwick 《Veterinary research communications》1983,7(1):145-154
The nature, occurrence and effects of nephrotoxic mycotoxins are considered at their different levels of involvement in animal renal disease. The four associated with field outbreaks of nephrotoxicosis, viz. ochratoxin A, citrinin, aflatoxin and oxalic acid are mainly produced by Aspergilli and Penicillia in grain and other crops, e.g. peanuts. Ten nephrotoxins detected by experimentation including cyclopiazonic acid, penicillic acid and viridicatumtoxin, may also eventually be found to play a role in these diseases. Thirteen fungi frequently isolated from foodstuffs have produced renal (mostly tubular) lesions on the feeding of cultures to animals, in the absence of known nephrotoxins. The pathological changes reported have been predominantly in the proximal tubules with profound cytoplasmic and nuclear effects. The relationship of porcine nephropathy (due to ochratoxin A) to Balkan Nephropathy and the associated urinary tract tumours in man is discussed and the close parallel to the carcinogenic hepatoxicity of the aflatoxins indicated. 相似文献
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Epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type B and D is a potent toxin that is responsible for a highly fatal enterotoxemia in sheep and goats. In vitro, epsilon toxin produces contraction of the rat ileum as the result of an indirect action, presumably mediated through the autonomic nervous system. To examine the impact of epsilon toxin in the intestinal transit, gastric emptying (GE) and gastrointestinal transit (GIT) were evaluated after intravenous and oral administration of epsilon toxin in mice. Orally administered epsilon toxin produced a delay on the GIT. Inhibition of the small intestinal transit was observed as early as 1 h after the toxin was administered orally but the effects were not observed after 1 week. Epsilon toxin also produced an inhibition in GE and a delay on the GIT when relatively high toxin concentrations were given intravenously. These results indicate that epsilon toxin administered orally or intravenously to mice transitorily inhibits the GIT. The delay in the GIT induced by epsilon toxin could be relevant in the pathogenesis of C. perfringens type B and D enterotoxemia. 相似文献