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1.
花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽
仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品
种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其
中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆
和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸
含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚
麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。 相似文献
2.
甘肃胡麻地方品种种质资源品质分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
对甘肃116 个胡麻地方品种种质资源的粗脂肪含量、5种脂肪酸含量及碘价等主要品质性状进行测定分 析,对品质性状间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明,甘肃胡麻地方种质资源粗脂肪含量,棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚 油酸、亚麻酸含量及碘价的平均值分别为37. 48%、5. 90%、5. 32%、29. 05%、10. 94%、48. 76%和175. 60。粗脂肪 含量普遍较低,油酸和亚麻酸含量高。5种脂肪酸中棕榈酸、亚麻酸、亚油酸含量变异较小,硬脂酸和油酸变异较 大;不同品质性状间的相关关系和相关程度不同,粗脂肪含量与亚油酸含量有极显著的正相关,与硬脂酸含量有极 显著的负相关;亚麻酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸含量均呈极显著的负相关关系,与碘价呈极显著的正相关关 系;棕榈酸与油酸含量有显著的正相关,硬脂酸与油酸含量有极显著的正相关,油酸与碘价呈极显著负相关。初步 筛选出一批高油分、高油酸、高亚麻酸的优良种质。 相似文献
3.
The physico-chemical properties of the seed and seed oil ofJatropha gossipifolia were assessed by standard methods. The seed contains 35.8% crude oil of iodine value 107.25, 13.40% protein, 9.25% fibre, 30.32% carbohydrate and 6.0 g/kg saponins. The fatty acid composition of the seed oil was determined by GC-MS. Caprylic, myristic, palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic, vernolic, arachidic, behenic and lignoceric acids were found. 相似文献
4.
Yiftach Vaknin Miriam GhanimShahar Samra Levana DvashEfrat Hendelsman Dan EisikowitchYael Samocha 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1029-1034
The potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to estimate the oil content, fatty acid composition, and protein content of Jatropha curcas seeds was studied. Seventy-four intact kernels from various sources were scanned by NIRS. All samples were analyzed for oil content (hexane extractions), fatty acid composition (gas chromatography), and protein content (Kjeldahl). Calibration equations were developed for oil content, individual fatty acids (oleic C18:1, linoleic C18:2, stearic C18:0 and palmitic C16:0), and protein content. The performance of the calibration equations was evaluated through external and cross-validation. The results showed that NIRS was a reliable, accurate and nondestructive technique to estimate oil and protein contents, as well as oleic and linoleic fatty acid concentrations in J. curcas kernels; NIRS provides a rapid, simple, and cost-effective alternative method for screening intact J. curcas kernels. 相似文献
5.
抗青枯病花生资源的种子大小 及主要品质性状的遗传分化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以123份不同类型的抗青枯病花生种质为材料,对荚果大小、种子大小、出仁率、蛋白质、含油量和脂肪 酸等性状遗传分化进行了研究。研究结果表明,在我国抗青枯病花生资源中,高油酸种质资源较多,这些资源的荚 果及种仁大小,油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸含量性状均存在丰富的遗传变异;但是,高 含油量资源较少,而且在含油量、蛋白质含量和出仁率方面的遗传多样性不丰富。根据12个与种子品质相关性状 信息, 123份抗青枯病资源被分成2组5亚组13个品种群,这些品种(群)与已被广为利用的骨干抗病亲本协抗青 和台山三粒肉之间存在很大的遗传分化。 相似文献
6.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):265-269
AbstractThe relationship between nitrogen efficiency (NE), defined as seed yield per unit nitrogen (N) application, and seed quality was examined in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties at 5 N application levels, 0.6, 3, 6, 12, 15 mmol L?1, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, respectively. Seed yield, oil yield and protein content were increased with the increase in N application level, but NE and oil content were decreased, and the fatty acid composition in seed was hardly changed. Analysis of seven fatty acids revealed aslight decrease in the contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid with the increase in N application level, but no obvious change in the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Compared with the low NE variety H29, the seed yield and contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid in the high NE variety bin270 were more markedly increased with the increase in N application level, and the oil content was hardly changed. The seed yield, oilcontent and oil yield were higher in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety at all 5 N application levels. There were no significant differences in protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid contents between the varieties at any of the 5 N application levels, but there were slight differences in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents between the two varieties. In brief, N application improved oil yield more greatly in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety, but hardly affected the fatty acid composition. Therefore, the seed quality and oil content of oilseed rape may not be decreased by breeding of a high NE variety with a high N absorption efficiency and high N use efficiency. 相似文献
7.
油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸是花生油脂中最主要的3种脂肪酸,其含量是影响花生油脂品质的重要因素。提高油酸含量并降低亚油酸和棕榈酸含量是花生品质性状改良的重要方向之一。本研究利用292份中国花生种质资源材料及583个SSR标记基因型数据对四个环境下不同脂肪酸含量进行关联分析,分别检测到与油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量稳定关联标记14,14和9个,其中8个标记同时与上述3种脂肪酸含量稳定关联,分布在A02、A03、A08和A09染色体上。AHGS2050-226bp和AHGS3647-253bp是两个新关联标记的优异等位位点,在花生微微核心种质中证实,AHGS2050-226bp可提高油酸（9.99%~11.26%）并降低亚油酸（8.04%~9.31%）和棕榈酸含量（1.86%~1.97%）,AHGS3647-253bp可提高油酸（9.79%~10.44%）并降低亚油酸（8.09%~8.62%）和棕榈酸含量（1.81%~1.95%）。本研究鉴定的多环境稳定关联标记AHGS2050和AHGS3647具有辅助选择高油酸且低亚油酸和低棕榈酸品种的潜在应用价值。 相似文献
8.
Ann Marie Thro Kenneth J. Frey Earl G. Hammond 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1983,32(1):29-36
F2-derived lines in F3 from matings between dissimilar parents were studied for inheritance of palmitic (three oat matings), oleic (three additional matings), and linoleic acid content (two matings). Inheritance patterns for palmitic and oleic acids were simple or polygenic, depending upon the mating. Linoleic acid content showed polygenic inheritance in all matings. There was no consistent dominance direction for palmitic acid content. Oleic acid showed interallelic interaction and dominance for low content in one mating and no dominance in two matings; linoleic acid showed no dominance. Heritability values indicate that selection for fatty acid composition of oat oil will require replicated tests in several environments, but progress from selection may be expected for palmitic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids. Correlations among fatty acids revealed that it may be possible to increase both palmitic and linoleic acid and that increase of either will be accompanied by concomitant decreases in oleic and linolenic acids.Journal paper no. J-10388 from the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experimental Station, IA 50011, USA; Project 2447. 相似文献
9.
胡麻种质资源主要品质性状的分析与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了充分利用胡麻种质资源,促进胡麻品质育种,对国内外280份胡麻种质资源的主要品质性状进行了测定分析。结果表明：(1) 280份资源的粗脂肪平均含量38.3%,变幅为35.12%～45.27%,变异系数最小（3.22%）;木酚素平均含量3.45 mg/g,变幅1.08～7.24 mg/g,变异系数最大（30.88%）;亚麻酸含量平均48.03%,变幅35.62%～57.82%,变异系数为7.07%。(2) 相关分析显示,粗脂肪含量与油酸含量极显著负相关,与硬脂酸含量负相关,与其他性状正相关;木酚素含量与亚油酸含量极显著正相关,与棕榈酸含量正相关,与硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸含量负相关;亚麻酸含量与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸含量显著负相关。(3) 主成分分析将主要品质性状聚为4个主成分,油酸因子、亚油酸因子,木酚素因子和粗脂肪因子。(4) 系统聚类分析在欧氏距离D=42.8水平上聚为5大类群,第Ⅰ类粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量比较高;第Ⅱ类木酚素和亚油酸含量比较高;第Ⅲ类棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量比较高;第Ⅳ类油酸含量比较高;第Ⅴ类亚油酸含量比较低。以上分析可为胡麻种质资源利用和品质育种提供依据。 相似文献
10.
A method using methanolic sulphuric acid as transmethylating reagent was developed for determining the fatty acid composition of lipids of oats. The method was optimised for reaction conditions and applied to the determination of the fatty acid composition of lipids of a number of varieties of Australian oats grown in several locations. Thirteen fatty acids were detected with oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids comprising more than 95% of the total fatty acids. Total lipid content of the oats was positively related to the proportion of stearic (r=0·32) and oleic (r=0·81) acids and negatively correlated with the proportion of palmitic (r=−0·64), linoleic (r=−0·39) and linolenic (r=−0·65) acids. Significant positive correlations were found between total lipid content and absolute content of the major fatty acids (r=0·670·98), except for linolenic acid (r=0·12). Environment had significant effects on fatty acid composition, but variety was the controlling factor. The broad sense heritability estimated from individual plot ranged from 69 to 73% and that from the average of three replications and eight locations ranged from 94 to 98% for the major fatty acids. It is possible to improve fatty acid composition of oats by breeding procedures. 相似文献
11.
K. L. Ahuja Hari Singh R. K. Raheja K. S. Labana 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1987,37(1):33-40
Seeds of thirteen genotypes of cauliflower, four of turnip and seven of radish were analysed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Turnip and radish had higher oil content as compared to cauliflower. Oleic, linoleic + eicosenoic and erucic acids were the major fatty acids in the oils of these seeds. Levels of erucic acid were in the order of radish < turnip < cauliflower. Compared to cauliflower and turnip seeds, radish seeds contained higher amounts of palmitic, oleic, and linolenic + eicosenoic acids and lower amounts of linoleic and erucic acids. 相似文献
12.
Vashista Anjana Kawatra Asha Sehgal Salil 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2003,58(3):1-6
Five varieties of Amaranthus cruentus were planted in 3 localities at different altitudes above sea level. They were subjected to equivalent agronomic practices and harvested at 120–130 days. The seeds were removed and dried to 12% moisture. The seeds from each variety were analyzed for total fat, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linolenic acids and squalene contents. Oil content varied from 5.83 to 7.13%, palmitic acid from 17.06 to 21.35%, stearic acid from 3.05 to 3.80%, oleic acid from 20.26 to 32.01% and linoleic acid from 33.52 to 43.88%. The values for oil and fatty acid contents were similar to those found in the literature. The differences in the analytical values of the present study were not statistically significant for variety or for location.Squalene content varied from 2.26 to 5.94% of the oil. This variability is similar to that reported previously by other workers. Statistical analysis showed significant difference for localities but not for varieties. It is suggested that environmental conditions, such as temperature and water availability, may lead to a greater accumulation of squalene in the grain. 相似文献
13.
为研究芥菜型油菜的耐旱性，对150份云南芥菜型油菜地方品种的品质及苗期不同干旱程度下植株地上
及地下部进行研究。结果表明，参试芥菜型油菜耐旱性总体表现较好，品质变异丰富，其中油酸、芥酸变异系数大
于1，依据品质性状参试品种大致聚为三类；中度及重度干旱均能显著影响油菜地上部及根系的生长，其中对根系
影响更大；各品质性状与耐旱性相关分析表明，中度干旱条件下，耐旱性与含油量及芥酸、花生烯酸2种极长链脂肪
酸呈显著正相关，与5种长链脂肪酸硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸为显著负相关，而重度干旱条件下均不相
关，同一品种在不同程度干旱下其耐旱性有差别；含油量与极长链脂肪酸呈显著正相关，与长链脂肪酸及蛋白含量
呈显著负相关，极长链脂肪酸与长链脂肪酸间呈极显著负相关。共筛出8个综合耐旱性强的材料。 相似文献
14.
叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息。从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定。结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪酸组分,包括棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、顺-11-十六碳烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、顺-11-十八碳烯酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十烷酸和二十烯酸。油酸是茶籽中的主要脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的42.1%~59.2%;其次为亚油酸,占脂肪酸总量的18.9%~32.8%;饱和脂肪酸含量占15.9%~20.8%,以棕榈酸为主。进一步分析各种质的脂肪酸组成特征,发现茶籽中的FAD2和FAD3活力在种质间存在较大差异。在此基础上,探讨了如何利用这些发现来选择育种,以进一步改善茶籽的油脂性状。 相似文献
15.
本研究以较高含油量芝麻品种“中芝13”（56.31%）和低含油量芝麻材料ZZM2748（48.75%）为亲本构建包含548个株系的RIL群体,采用近红外法对群体在2个不同环境下的含油量、油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量进行分析,发现群体含油量及脂肪酸含量存在较大变异,其中含油量变化在42.43%~58.38%,其与油酸和亚油酸含量无显著相关关系,但与棕榈酸显著负相关;应用软件WinQTLCart2.5和ICIMapping3.0基于构建的遗传连锁图共定位到50个相关QTL,分布在芝麻11个连锁群上,贡献率变化在1.59%~40.62%。其中,有21个QTL被两个软件同时检测到,有7个QTL在2个环境下被重复检测到。位于连锁群LG10上的qSOC_10.3和位于连锁群LG11上的qSOC_11.1遗传贡献率较大,分别为34.38%和40.62%,为控制芝麻含油量的主效QTL,其中qSOC_11.1与定位到的油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸位点重合,表现一因多效特征。通过基因组注释和差异表达分析,在两个主效位点发掘出24个候选基因。研究发现的芝麻含油量及不同脂肪酸含量遗传变异特征和获得的QTL及候选基因对相关性状的遗传改良具有指导意义和应用价值。 相似文献
16.
福建茶树种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用气相色谱法（GC）分析了福建42份茶树〔Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze〕种质资源的茶籽油脂肪酸组成,结果表明,饱和脂肪酸（SFA）的平均含量为20.59%,单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）为50.57%,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）为28.11%;发现茶籽油中含有二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）,平均含量为0.11%;参试材料中优良品种茶籽油的脂肪酸组成优于地方品种。选取了11种含量较高或特异成分进行主成分分析,其中硬脂酸、花生酸、棕榈酸和DHA等是构成茶籽油的重要或特征脂肪酸。茶籽油是富含油酸、亚油酸,低芥酸和反式脂肪酸的高品质油脂,具有开发高级食用油脂的潜在价值。 相似文献
17.
18.
Ricardo Ayerza Wayne Coates 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(2):1366-1371
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P < 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences. 相似文献
19.
在贵州省地理纬度相近海拔高度不同的4个地点,分4个播期,进行了海拔高度与播种期对大豆子粒中5种脂肪酸含量影响的试验研究。结果表明,不同海拔高度对各种脂肪酸含量均有显著影响,5种脂肪酸中,棕榈酸(16:0)和油酸(18:1)含量随试验地点海拔高度增加而下降;亚油酸(18:2)和亚麻酸(18:3)则随海拔高度增高而增加;硬脂酸(18:0)虽不同海拔高度的地点间存在有显著差异,但未表现出随海拔高度变化的趋势。本试验所设的1/4—16/5(日/月)的4个播期对脂肪酸含量影响甚微。 相似文献
20.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):253-259
AbstractPhysical and chemical properties of vegetable oils and consequently their use, depend on the composition of fatty acids that accumulate in storage lipids during seed development. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of seed development stages and organic matter content of soil on oil fatty acid composition of canola. The experiments were carried out under field conditions on four soils with different organic matter contents. To evaluate seed oil content and fatty acid composition of canola, we harvested plants at six growth stages (GS), GS 75, GS 79, GS 83, GS 87, GS 92 and GS 99 including development of seed, ripening and senescence. The synthesis of oil and fatty acids were largely influenced by seed maturity and soil type. Seeds had maximum content of stearic and palmitic acids at GS 75 (50% of pods reach final size). The seed yield, oil content of seeds and oleic acid percentage of seed oil significantly increased with increasing rate of soil organic matter in canola. This study addresses the organic matter content in poor soils should be ameliorated not only to obtain higher crop yields but also quality production. 相似文献