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稻蛙鳅共作立体生态种养模式通过改造常规稻田生态系统结构,优化系统中物质循环和能量流动途径,使水稻、青蛙、泥鳅在同一生态系统中互利共生,可实现农渔结合、一田三收。2018年3月—11月进行了稻蛙鳅共作种养试验,平均生产优质稻米4335kg/hm~2、青蛙3750kg/hm~2、泥鳅1500kg/hm~2,水稻、青蛙和泥鳅3项的总产值达到251700元/hm~2,平均利润为121050元/hm~2,投入产出比为1∶1.93,投资收益率为92.7%。试验表明,稻蛙鳅共作立体生态种养模式能够充分利用物种和空间资源,有效提高稻田产量和效益。 相似文献
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不同稻田综合种养模式的成本效益分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为获知和分析稻田综合种养模式在中国的发展现况及存在问题,根据2013年中国4个省份两种主要稻田种养模式的调查数据,采用Kruskal—Wallis非参数检验等方法分析了不同稻田种养模式在生产投入、经济效益上的差异以及在化肥、农药减量等方面的效应。结果显示,稻田综合种养具有较好的经济和生态效益,稻蟹、稻鱼两种种养模式的平均利润为水稻单作的2.43~3.92倍,化肥成本减少2.8%~49.2%,农药成本减少3.2%~83.6%,但技术成熟度及产业化程度的差异使种养户在最终经济收益及生态效益上的极差较大。研究表明,中国稻田综合种养规模化程度不够、成本投入偏高、综合种养生态、社会效益提升有限是目前面临的主要问题,因此加大政府的扶持力度,加强种养关键技术的研究,因地制宜将规模化的现代农业与传统稻田种养相结合是解决这些问题的关键。 相似文献
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2023年在江西省吉水县同江万亩稻渔产业园开展了稻田垄沟稻虾鳖综合种养技术研究,该模式利用稻田+垄沟+虾沟,在虾稻田环沟里耦合养殖鳖,进行种稻、养虾和养鳖共作。结果显示,稻田垄沟稻虾鳖综合种养平均每667 m2产水稻662.5 kg、小龙虾80 kg、鳖105.9 kg;总产值13434.0元,纯利润达到8315.1元。表明垄沟稻虾鳖互利共生效果明显,稻虾鳖产量高,节本增效明显,该模式实现了“一田三用”,是一种适合在南方水源充足的地区大力推广的生态高效综合种养模式。 相似文献
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中华鳖与两个水稻品种共作比较与效益分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为进一步掌握稻鳖共作模式中水稻品种、幼鳖放养密度等关键技术参数,2015年6~12月,在安徽省某稻鳖共作示范区,以普通稻田为对照,开展了2种放养密度的中华鳖幼鳖与2种水稻("Y两优1928"籼稻和"武运粳23号"粳稻)的共作试验,并进行经济效益比较。试验结果显示,稻鳖共作田(1#、2#、3#、4#)的株均穗粒数和穗质量分别达(258±78)粒和(8.72±1.95)g,极显著高于普通稻田(5#、6#)(P0.01);共作试验田的水稻亩均产量(15亩=1 hm~2,下同)与普通稻田差异不显著(P0.05);共作试验田的亩均利润均高于普通稻田,其中4#试验田亩均利润(4470.1元)最高。3#、4#试验田(粳稻,幼鳖密度160~200只/亩)商品鳖的规格、亩均产量以及试验田亩均利润均高于1#、2#试验田(籼稻,幼鳖密度80~100只/亩),其中前者的商品鳖平均规格(748.5 g/只)较后者的高17.3%。试验表明,稻鳖共作模式中,水稻品种宜选择粳稻,幼鳖放养密度以200只/亩(60~80 kg亩)左右为宜。 相似文献
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在黑龙江省绥化市北林区(127.08°E,46.88°N)稻渔综合种养基地的300 m2实验单元中，设置1个水稻常规单作对照组(RM)和3个“绥粳4”水稻与体质量(1.02±0.16)g长江水系中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Ⅲ期幼蟹共作组(RCC)。蟹密度分别为22 500只/hm2(RCCI)、45 000只/hm2(RCCⅡ)和67 500只/hm2(RCCⅢ)，每组3个重复。稻蟹共作组单元在距稻田埂1 m处开挖上宽0.6 m、下宽0.3 m，深0.4 m，不超过稻田总面积10%的梯形环沟。水稻6月2日插秧，7月6日投放长江水系Ⅲ期幼蟹，每天17:00投喂中华绒螯蟹配合饲料，9月下旬，统计水稻产量、养成扣蟹平均体质量，探究寒区稻-扣蟹共作模式下中华绒螯蟹与水稻的生长性能及水质理化因子变化规律。结果表明：在一个种养周期内，稻蟹共作RCCⅢ组水稻的产量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),RCCI组和RCCⅡ组水稻产量略高于对照组，但差异不显著(P>0.05)；中华绒螯蟹终... 相似文献
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系统介绍了“稻田+塑膜池”稻鳅综合种养试验的稻田工程、水稻种植、泥鳅放养和田间管理等技术措施,并探讨了该模式的优点、不足和发展前景。试验结束,收获水稻600 kg、泥鳅125 kg,折合667 m2产稻谷461.5 kg、泥鳅96.15 kg,两项收益合计为5080元/667 m2,投入产出比为1∶3.55,种养效益显著。 相似文献
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养殖鳖的引入对稻田土壤细菌群落结构的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
农业—水产复合生产体系(integrated agri-aquaculture system,IAAS)因其具有良好的生态环境效应及能生产满足市场对食品安全需求的绿色稻米而成为了农业可持续发展的主要方向之一。了解这种农水复合系统中土壤细菌群落结构特征对于种养工艺的改进和生态调控的实现具有重要意义。实验采用高通量测序技术比较稻鳖共作(R-T)和稻田单作(R-M)2种模式下稻田表层和根系土壤微生物的群落结构,旨在为稻鳖种养生态学积累资料和为稻鳖综合种养的生产技术优化提供理论依据。高通量测序结果显示,两种模式下稻田表层及根系土壤中主要细菌门类为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和绿弯菌门。与R-M相比,R-T表层土壤中绿弯菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度增加,变形菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度减少;而其根系土壤硝化螺旋菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度增加,绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门的相对丰度减少。主要优势菌属为酸杆菌属、亚硝化单胞菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、地杆菌属、芽单胞菌属、黄单胞菌属6类。其中亚硝化单胞菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、芽单胞菌属和酸杆菌属在两种模式的表层土壤中的相对丰度存在显著差异;硝化螺旋菌属和地杆菌属在根系土壤中的相对丰度存在显著差异。引入养殖鳖(R-T)后,稻田根系和表层土壤的细菌Chao指数及Shannon指数均增加。PCA以及聚类分析结果显示,养殖鳖引入后,稻田表层土壤的细菌群落结构产生明显变化,同时也在一定程度上对水稻根系的菌群产生了影响。研究初步揭示了稻鳖共作复合生态系统优于稻田单作系统的微生物生态基础。 相似文献
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Shun Watanabe Jun Aoyama Seishi Hagihara Bunpei Ai Rhodora V. Azanza Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):375-383
Anguilla luzonensis and A. huangi were each described in 2009 using eels obtained from northern Luzon Island. We examined the taxonomic status of these two groups of eels using morphological and molecular genetic characters. There were no significant differences in two vertebrae counts between eels of A. luzonensis and A. huangi. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b genes sequences were obtained and compared among 28 specimens of A. luzonensis, the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi, and one specimen of the other 15 anguillid species. The specimens of A. luzonensis exhibited almost identical sequences, including the holotype, with only a few site differences, and the genetic difference between the holotypes of A. luzonensis and A. huangi was within the range of differences of specimens of A. luzonensis. The other anguillid species were genetically very different from A. luzonensis and A. huangi, although A. interioris is a closely related species. It is clear that A. luzonensis and A. huangi are the same species, and according to the principle of priority in zoological nomenclature, A. luzonensis Watanabe, Aoyama, and Tsukamoto, 2009 is the valid species name, and A. huangi Teng, Lin, and Tzeng, 2009 is a junior synonym of A. luzonensis. 相似文献
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Nuhman Usman Bambang Irawan Agoes Soegianto 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):547-556
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of lead for different life stages of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, and to determine the effect of its sublethal concentrations on osmoregulatory capacity (OC) as well as the possible histological alteration in the gills of juvenile shrimp. The 24‐, 48‐, and 96‐h LC50 values for lead to L. vannamei increased progressively with increasing life stage, from nauplii < zoeae < mysis < postlarvae < juvenile. After 15‐d exposure to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, the OC values of exposed shrimp were reduced by 39, 73, and 157%, respectively compared to control animals. Compared to controls, the lead concentrations in gill tissues increased significantly by 127,500, 137,500, and 141,000% in shrimps exposed to 3.25, 6.50, and 9.75 mg Pb/L, respectively. After lead exposure, hemocytic congestion in efferent vessels and multiple hyperplasia were observed in gill filaments, resulting in narrowed hemolymphatic lacuna. The histopathological effects increased with increasing Pb concentration. 相似文献
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Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) occur in estuarine and coastal waters surrounding Australia, Africa, India, Pakistan, China, Korea and Japan, where they are important in fisheries. This study identified that mulloway in south-eastern Australia had similar growth rates, but matured at smaller lengths and younger ages, to those in South Africa and Western Australia. Growth of both sexes was similar to about 5 years, after which females grew faster and attained a greater maximum length than males. Female mulloway matured at 4–5 years of age with a L50 of 68 cm, whereas males matured at 2–3 years of age with a L50 of 51 cm. The commercial fishery in New South Wales was characterised by declining catches and a reduction in the proportion of mulloway of mature lengths in landings. During 2002–2005 commercial landings were dominated (83%) by fish within 15 cm of the current minimum legal total length of 45 cm and aged 2 and 3 years (>80%), even though mulloway can attain lengths of 200 cm and live >30 years. Estimates of the rates of instantaneous total mortality ranged between 0.34 and 0.45, whilst the rate of instantaneous natural mortality (M) was estimated to be approximately 0.12. Yield-per-recruit analyses indicated that mulloway in New South Wales are being growth overfished and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. Values of the spawning potential ratio were below 0.2 under a range of mortality estimates, suggesting that mulloway are at risk of recruitment overfishing. These results suggest that the spawning stock of mulloway in south-eastern Australia has been depleted and that remedial management action is required to protect this iconic species. 相似文献
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Charles C. Mischke Matt J. Griffin Terrence E. Greenway David Wise 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(2):288-292
Mosquitofish, Gambusia sp., have been spread throughout the world to biologically control mosquitoes. However, the fish has gained a reputation as an invasive species and has been implicated in displacing native aquatic species. Gambusia affinis are native to the southeastern United States and commonly occur in commercial channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production ponds. We investigated effects of mosquitofish presence on zooplankton populations, water quality, disease occurrence, and fish production in experimental ponds. There were no differences between ponds with or without mosquitofish in numbers of calanoid copepods, cyclopoid copepods, total copepods, Bosmina sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Moina sp., Daphnia sp., or total cladocerans. There were also no differences in copepod and cladoceran sizes. Copepod nauplii were more numerous during the summer months in ponds with mosquitofish. There were no differences in water quality variables (soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH) or phytoplankton density between ponds stocked with and without mosquitofish. Catfish production and disease occurrence were also similar between ponds with and without mosquitofish. Although mosquitofish may cause problems when stocked outside their native range, there does not appear to be any adverse effects of mosquitofish presence in catfish production ponds. 相似文献
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The effects of exposing the eggs of Pacific threadfin and amberjack eggs (AEs) to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide for 5 min on hatch rate and survival were assessed in a series of experiments using a petri dish model rearing system. Despite significant inter‐batch variation in hatch rate, it was shown that eggs of both species could be safely exposed to up to 11 340 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min. Exposure to 34 230 mg L−1 H2O2 for 5 min was shown to be lethal to AEs at a late stage of development. In two further experiments, it was demonstrated that Pacific threadfin eggs were resistant to all tested concentrations of a range of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (PVP‐I) concentrations and contact times (up to 1000 mg L−1 PVP‐I for 10 min). The level of bacteria adhering to the eggs of both species was highly variable. Where eggs were heavily colonized (>104 cfu egg−1), hydrogen peroxide concentrations of at least 11 340 mg L−1, or PVP‐I concentrations higher than 500 mg L−1 for 10 min, were required for effective sterilization. In less colonized batches, rinsing in sterile seawater or exposure to lower (550 mg L−1) concentrations of H2O2 was sufficient to result in high apparent levels of surface sterility (<1 cfu egg−1). 相似文献
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对驼背鲈(Chromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼的形态特征进行了详细的观察与研究,描述了从受精卵到仔、稚、幼鱼各发育期的时间和形态特征变化。结果表明,在水温25-26℃、盐度30的海水中,受精卵历时27 h 25 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,经历从卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚到肌节形成、各器官的逐渐形成、变化、完善等一系列的胚胎发育和变化过程;根据其卵黄囊消长情况、鳞片的覆盖状态、体色发生的不同变化以及第二背鳍和腹鳍的消长,将胚后发育分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个阶段。在水温22-26℃、盐度29-31、DO≥5 mg/L的条件下,2-3 d仔鱼卵黄囊消失,开口摄食;生长发育至31 d,仔鱼已变态进入稚鱼期;培育至57 d,稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的生长与收缩等石斑鱼类早期发育的共性生长特征及其体表特性体色变化特征为驼背鲈胚后发育过程中最明显的特征。 相似文献
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Effect of Temperature on Growth,Energy Budget,and Physiological Performance of Green,White, and Purple Color Morphs of Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yucen Bai Yan Chen Yang Pan Libin Zhang Shilin Liu Xiaoshang Ru Lili Xing Tao Zhang Hongsheng Yang Jing Li 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(3):625-637
As an intertidal species, Apostichopus japonicus is subject to diel and seasonal temperature fluctuations. Color variation is a distinct characteristic of A. japonicus, and a new color morph, purple A. japonicus, was recently found on the coast of Rushan, Weihai City. This study was conducted to compare the performance of green, white, and purple color morphs of A. japonicus at different water temperatures to help improving aquaculture technology and management. In this study, green, white, and purple color morphs of juvenile A. japonicus (1.5 ± 0.1 g) were cultured at 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 C for 60 d, according to the suitable temperature range for sea cucumber growth. Temperature was shown to have a significant effect on growth, energy budget, and physiology of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Specific growth rates, feed conversion efficiencies, and the proportion of energy allocated to growth of all three color morphs were optimal at 18 C. Activities of the enzymes related with oxidative stress, immune response, and digestion were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and trypsin activities generally reached a maximum in all three color morphs at 18 C. The purple color morph of A. japonicus was higher in growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and proportion of energy allocated to growth than green and white color morphs at 18 and 22 C, consistent with its higher trypsin and SOD activity, indicating the mutual effect of growth and physiology. At 18, 22, and 26 C, the green color morph had the highest level of lysozyme activity and purple color morph had the lowest, indicating possible infection by external pathogens of green color morph, which might be caused by high temperature. These results suggested that the optimum temperature for culture of the three color morphs was approximately 18 C, the purple had a better adaption to high temperature, and the green and white color morphs may be more susceptible to thermal stress than the purple color morph. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》1999,12(4):239-246
The effect of different parameters on short-term storage capacity of turbot ova was assessed over a 45-h period after ova collection for fertilization rates and over a 9-h period after ova collection for hatching rates. Increasing the volume of ova sampling from 0.5 to 2.5 mL, as well as adding an antibiotic–antimicotic solution or oxygen did not significantly change the storage capacity of ova. Regarding the hatching rates, a higher storage ability was recorded at 8 and 13 °C, compared to 3 °C. The mean composition of the ovarian fluid was determined (n = 57 spawns). Use of a diluent mimicking the ovarian fluid significantly decreased the storage ability as assessed by the fertilization rates but did not modify the hatching rates. Diluting ova in an artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium significantly decreased the fertilization and hatching rates during the storage period. Furthermore, addition or not of soybean trypsin inhibitor (Sigma T 9003) to the artificial ovarian fluid deprived of calcium did not significantly change the results. Storage capacity of control batches of ova was low: at 13 °C, without any diluent and when ova were fertilized 3 h after stripping, the hatching rate was lowered to 62.4 ± 29.4 % (mean ± SD) of the initial value. 相似文献
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Effects of Dietary Savory and Myrtle Essential Oils on Growth,Survival, Nutritional Indices,Serum Biochemistry,and Hematology of Farmed Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss,Fry 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Mohsen Mohamadi Saei Kiarash Beiranvand Mohammad K. Khalesi Farzaneh Mehrabi 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2016,47(6):779-785
The effects of diets containing different levels of essential oils from savory Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad and myrtle Myrtus communis L and an immunity complement were investigated on growth, survival, nutritional indices, serum biochemistry, and hematology of farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fry (n = 4500; 5 ± 2 g). The essential oils were dosed as 300 and 500 mg/kg diet. After 60 d, the fish fed 300 mg/kg of the essential oils showed the highest counts of white blood cells (P < 0.05). The same treatment revealed the greatest levels of hematocrit, total protein, and albumin, but glucose and cholesterol values significantly decreased compared with the control (P < 0.05). Feeding fish with 300 mg/kg of the essential oils led to highest records of specific growth rate and survival rate but the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR), and those fed with immunity complement attained the lowest values of growth parameters. The fry fed with immunity complement and 300 mg/kg of myrtle essential oil achieved the highest and lowest FCR values, respectively. The results indicate that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg of the above essential oils exert positive impacts on the growth performance, feeding efficiency, and hematological factors in O. mykiss. 相似文献