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噻虫嗪在棉花和土壤中的残留动态研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用超高效液相色谱一电喷雾串联质谱法测定噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯·噻虫嗪混剂中噻虫嗪在棉叶和土壤中的残留.结果表明,噻虫嗪在土壤中平均回收率为88.8％～97.9％,变异系数为3.1％～6.2％;噻虫嗪在棉叶中的平均回收率为84.4％～95.8％,变异系数为1.3％～5.2％.噻虫嗪在棉叶和土壤中的消解动态表明:噻虫嗪在棉叶中的降解比在土壤中快,单剂中噻虫嗪在山东省和河南省两地土壤中的消解半衰期分别为2.9d和4.8d,棉叶中的消解半衰期为1.4d和1.9d.混剂中的噻虫嗪在山东省和河南省两地棉叶中的消解半衰期分别为1.4d和1.6d. 相似文献
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《农药科学与管理》2017,(12)
建立了马铃薯和土壤中氟啶胺残留的分析方法,研究氟啶胺在马铃薯和土壤中的残留量及残留降解规律。进行2年2地田间试验。消解动态试验剂量1 125g/ha;最终残留试验剂量1 125和750g/ha,喷雾施药3～4次,施药间隔7d,距末次施药后间隔7、10、14、21d采样。高效液相色谱串联质谱法对氟啶胺进行定量分析。田间消解动态试验表明:氟啶胺在马铃薯植株和土壤中消解较快,半衰期分别为3.0～7.4d、6.7～10.0d。马铃薯最终样品中氟啶胺残留量在0.005～0.026 5mg/kg之间,土壤中氟啶胺的残留量在0.030 1～1.02mg/kg。该方法快速简便,准确可靠。马铃薯最终样品中氟啶胺残留低于欧盟(0.05mg/kg)和日本(0.1mg/kg)残留限量标准。 相似文献
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加速溶剂萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同步检测白菜中的丁硫克百威及其代谢物残留 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了白菜中丁硫克百威及其代谢物克百威、3-羟基克百威和3-酮基克百威的同步检测方法。白菜样品匀浆后用硅藻土混合分散,经加速溶剂萃取仪(ASE)用二氯甲烷萃取,固相萃取柱净化,在液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)仪上采用正电离方式以多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,内标法定量。丁硫克百威及其3种代谢物在白菜中的平均回收率在85%～122%之间,相对标准偏差为2.3%～12.5%,检出限为0.002～0.01 mg/kg,定量限为0.005～0.02 mg/kg。采用该方法测定的消解动态结果表明:丁硫克百威在白菜中的消解半衰期为0.9 d,代谢物克百威在施药当天即达到最大值,并在1 d内消解70%以上,而3-羟基克百威与3-酮基克百威的浓度则在1 d时达到最大值,然后呈现快速降低的趋势。 相似文献
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苯醚甲环唑在黄瓜和土壤中的残留动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间试验方法,借助气相色谱检测技术研究苯醚甲环唑在黄瓜和土壤中的残留与降解动态。结果表明,苯醚甲环唑在黄瓜中的降解比土壤中快,在黄瓜中的降解半衰期为6.46～7.21d;在土壤中的降解半衰期为8.77～9.94d.苯醚甲环唑10%水分散粒剂在黄瓜上按照推荐有效成分剂量（125.0g a.i./hm2）,施药3次,采收期距最后1次3d,黄瓜和土壤中苯醚甲环唑残留量均低于UK/EC规定的最高残留限量（MRL,0.1mg/kg）。 相似文献
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茚虫威在甘蓝和土壤中的残留量及消解动态研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
2002-2003年在广东省广州市郊进行了15％茚虫威悬浮剂（安打）在甘蓝和土壤中残留消解动态和最终残留量的研究。结果表明．在处理剂量为40．5ga．i．/hm^2、施药3次的情况下，药后7d茚虫威在甘蓝中的最终残留量为0．09～0．18mg/kg，在土壤中的残留量为0．05-0．06mg／kg。研究表明．茚虫威在甘蓝和土壤中消解较快．其残留消解动态曲线符合化学反应一级动力学方程。在甘蓝上的半衰期分别为3．8d（2002年）和5．7d（2003年），在土壤中的半袁期为7．5d（2002年）。 相似文献
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《农药科学与管理》2018,(11)
采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(GC-FPD)测定了噻唑膦在黄瓜和土壤样品中的消解动态及最终残留。黄瓜和土壤样品用乙腈提取、乙酸乙酯定容、GC-FPD检测。当噻唑膦在黄瓜和土壤中的添加浓度为0. 01～0. 5mg/kg时,回收率为82. 0%～107. 8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5. 6%～12. 3%;噻唑膦的最小检出量为1. 0×10-14g,黄瓜和土壤中的最低检测浓度为0. 01mg/kg。消解动态试验结果显示,噻唑膦在黄瓜和土壤的消解动态规律均符合一级动力学方程,其半衰期分别为2. 17～3. 81 d和5. 37～9. 76 d;最终残留试验结果表明,黄瓜中噻唑膦残留量最大值为0. 066mg/kg,低于我国规定的残留限量值0. 2mg/kg,建议在黄瓜地使用5%噻唑膦可溶液剂时,施药剂量为1 500 g. a. i/ha,施药1次,收获期黄瓜安全。 相似文献
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Soils which have been pretreated with carbofuran can degrade the insecticide more rapidly than untreated soils, with a consequent loss of efficacy. In laboratory studies, soils pretreated with carbofuran were found to degrade the chemical more rapidly than soils which were not so pretreated. When pretreated soils were sterilised, the rate of carbofuran degradation was much reduced, indicating that most of it was due to microbial action. Incubation of pretreated soil with [phenyl-U-14C]carbofuran led to the rapid disappearance of the parent compound (3 % left after seven days). Most of the 14C was accounted for as bound residue after seven days, whilst smaller amounts were recovered as carbon dioxide, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and an unknown metabolite. Incubation of pretreated soil with [carbonyl-14C]carbofuran led to rapid loss of the parent compound and the recovery of 73% of 14C as carbon dioxide by five days. Most of the bound 14C (>90%) arising from [phenyl-U-14C]carbofuran treatment of pretreated soil was extracted by 1 M sodium hydroxide and about half of the extracted 14C was precipitated with ‘humic acids’ after acidification. These and other results suggest that the major metabolic route for carbofuran in pretreated soils involves hydrolysis of the ester bond leading to (1) release of carbofuran phenol which rapidly binds to soil organic matter and, (2) release of the carbonyl moiety which quickly degrades to generate carbon dioxide. 相似文献
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Greenhouse and field‐based studies on the distribution of dimethoate in cotton and its effect on Tetranychus urticae by drip irrigation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jiangtao He Lijuan Zhou Qiang Yao Bo Liu Hanhong Xu Jiguang Huang 《Pest management science》2018,74(1):225-233
BACKGROUND
The two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest of cotton. We investigated the efficacy of dimethoate in controlling T. urticae by drip irrigation. Greenhouse and field experiments were carried out to determine the efficacy of dimethoate to T. urticae and the absorption and distribution of dimethoate in cotton.RESULTS
Greenhouse results showed that cotton leaves received higher amounts of dimethoate compared with cotton roots and stems, with higher amounts in young leaves compared with old leaves and cotyledon having the lowest amounts among leaves. Field results showed the efficacy of dimethoate to T. urticae by drip irrigation varied by volume of dripping water, soil pH and dimethoate dosage. Dimethoate applied at 3.00 kg ha–1 with 200 m3 ha–1 water at weak acidic soil pH (5.70–6.70) through drip irrigation can obtain satisfactory control efficacy (81.49%, 7 days) to T. urticae, without negatively impacting on its natural enemy Neoseiulus cucumeris. The residue of dimethoate in all cotton seed samples were not detectable.CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate the effectiveness of applying dimethoate by drip irrigation for control of T. urticae on cotton. This knowledge could aid in the applicability of dimethoate by drip irrigation for field management of T. urticae populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献14.
The pharmacokinetics of furathiocarb were studied in vivo in male Sprague-Dawley rats following dermal treatment. HPLC and post-column derivatization were used for the analysis of furathiocarb and its metabolites (carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran). Carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were detected in plasma and urine rather than furathiocarb. 3-Ketocarbofuran, another potential metabolite, was not observed in any sample. The concentration of carbofuran was higher than that of 3-hydroxycarbofuran in plasma, but the reverse was the case in urine. The corresponding area under the plasma concentration-time curve, Tmax, and Cmax values of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran for 1500 mg kg-1 doses were 2.4-8.0 mg equiv hml-1, 12 h and 0.1-0.4 mg equiv ml-1, respectively. T1/2 was calculated only for 3-hydroxycarbofuran (28 h). Two metabolites were excreted in a dose-dependent manner without saturation. 相似文献
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在湖南和山东开展了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂在芹菜上的残留田间试验，在室内进行了土壤生物的急性毒性试验。基于苯醚甲环唑的残留试验数据和毒性端点值，就苯醚甲环唑对中国不同人群的长期及短期膳食摄入风险和对土壤生物的环境风险进行了评估。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑在芹菜叶、茎和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为5.2~8.8 d、8.0~8.2 d和13.6~15.0 d。苯醚甲环唑按推荐剂量有效成分120 g/hm2喷雾施药3次，施药间隔期5 d，距最后一次施药5 d收获时苯醚甲环唑在芹菜叶片中的残留量高于MRL (3 mg/kg，中国)，在茎和整株芹菜中的残留量均低于MRL。普通人群和1~6岁儿童的短期摄入风险商 (RQa) 值分别为0.09和0.10；对于不同人群，芹菜中苯醚甲环唑对长期膳食摄入风险商的贡献率 (RQc%) 为9.4%~19.8%。10% 苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对环境中的土壤生物风险商 (RQe) 值为0.368~0.890，不会产生初级急性风险。 相似文献
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黑液腐植酸肥料对棉花生长及土壤肥力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在北疆布设的3种肥料(腐植酸液体肥料HALF-A、HALF-B、HALF-C)5个施肥水平的田间试验,研究了黑液腐植酸肥料对棉花生长及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:(1)与常规肥料比,应用不同黑液腐植酸液体肥料,增产幅度达到8.54%~10.80%,提高单铃重0.2~0.3 g,对衣分和单株有效成铃数影响不大;(2)施用腐植酸液体肥料能够推迟棉花成熟2~4 d;(3)腐植酸液体肥料施用量2250kg/hm2以上时显著促进了棉花花后干物质的累积;(4)三种腐植酸液体肥料施用量3 000 kg/hm2时对棉花氮素养分的吸收促进作用最大,HALF-B在施用量2250 kg/hm2,HALF-C在3 000 kg/hm2时促进了棉花磷素养分的吸收,腐植酸液体肥料施用量3 750 kg/hm2以上时显著促进了棉花钾素养分的吸收;(5)施用腐植酸液体肥料对当年收获后土壤肥力影响不大。 相似文献
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甲拌磷在棉花及土壤中的残留动态研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用气相色谱法测定了甲拌磷在棉花叶片、棉籽和土壤中的消解动态及最终残留量.结果表明甲拌磷在土壤中的半衰期为8.3～10.8d,在棉花中的半衰期为6.6～7.3d,甲拌磷在碱性土壤中的降解速度比在酸性土壤中快.最终残留测定结果说明,甲拌磷在棉籽中未检出. 相似文献
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Soudamini Panda M. Sharmila K. Ramanand D. Panda N. Sethunathan 《Pest management science》1988,23(3):199-207
The persistence of carbofuran (2, 3-dihydro-2, 2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) and the β- and γ-isomers of HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) applied to surface (oxidised) and sub-surface (reduced) layers of a flooded soil was studied using radiolabelled insecticides. In one experiment, these compounds were placed in the surface (2–5 mm) and sub-surface (10–15 cm) layers of 10-day flooded soil columns. HCH isomers were unstable under flooded soil conditions irrespective of their placement, but disappeared slightly faster when applied to the sub-surface layer, possibly due to the more reduced conditions prevailing. In contrast, sub-surface-applied carbofuran was more stable than surface-applied carbofuran. The decreased stability of surface-applied carbofuran may be due to a relatively higher pH in the surface layer and in the flood water which was in immediate contact with the surface layer. In another experiment, surface and sub-surface soil samples were collected from a rice field which had been flooded for 30 days. These soils were then again flooded under laboratory conditions prior to addition of carbofuran and β-HCH. Upon submergence, both surface and sub-surface soil samples attained almost equally reduced conditions. In flooded surface soil samples, more rapid degradation not only of carbofuran but also of β-HCH occurred, compared with similarly incubated sub-surface soil samples. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Sorption‐desorption processes govern the movement of pesticides in soil. These processes determine the potential hazard of the pesticide in a given environment for groundwater contamination and need to be investigated. RESULTS: In the present study, sorption‐desorption processes of benfuracarb were investigated using a batch method in two mollisols. The kinetics of benfuracarb sorption in mollisols conformed to two‐compartment (1 + 1) first‐order kinetics. The fast sorption rate constant was about 3 times higher for silt loam than for loam soil. However, the slow sorption rate constants were statistically similar for both soils. The concentration‐dependent sorption‐desorption isotherms of benfuracarb could not closely conform to the Freundlich isotherm in mollisols of high organic C content. The computed values of both the sorption (log K) and desorption (log K′) capacities were higher for silt loam than for loam soil. The desorption index (n′/n) values in the range 30.0–41.3 indicated poor reversibility of sorbed benfuracarb in mollisols. CONCLUSION: In view of the strong sorption of benfuracarb in mollisols with only partial desorption, the possibility of the leaching of soil‐applied benfuracarb to contaminate groundwaters appears to be low. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献