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1.
小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的组成、遗传特点及其与面包品质的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文概述了普通小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的组成及其与面包品质的关系，着重从各类蛋白基因的染色体定位及遗传规律、单个亚基的生化特点及其对面包品质的效应、高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成与面包品质的关系、我国品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成特点等方面作了综述，以期促进品质研究结合品质育种尽快达到品质改良的目的。 相似文献
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小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的组成,遗传特点及其与面包品质的关系 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
王瑞 《国外农学:麦类作物》1995,(4):34-37
本文概述了普通小麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的组成及其与面包品质的关系，着重从各类蛋白基因的染色体定位及遗传规律，单个亚基的生化特点及其对面包品质的效应，高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成与面包品质的关系，我国品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成特点等方面作了综述，以期促进品质研究结合品质育种尽快达到品质改良的目的。 相似文献
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麦胚乳贮藏蛋白的生化研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
这述了麦胚乳贮藏蛋白质主要组成部分（麦高分子量谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白、麦低分子量谷蛋白）生化研究进展，为人们认识麦胚乳贮藏蛋白主要组分的分子结构，理解这些组分对面筋品质影响的机理提供参考。 相似文献
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为了证实长发带芒草中的y型高分子量谷蛋白亚基的存在,利用SDS-PAGE分析了3份长发带芒草的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成,发现其y亚基的迁移率均较普通小麦中迁移率最快的D y12亚基迁移率更快,应用PCR扩增、序列测定及基因编码区体外表达等方法研究了1份材料中的y亚基,确认了长发带芒草比普通小麦中迁移率最快的D y12亚基迁移率更快的T ay亚基的真实存在及表达。研究结果证实带芒草属具有与普通小麦中相类似的y型高分子量谷蛋白亚基。 相似文献
6.
豫麦34低分子量谷蛋白亚基一个新基因的克隆 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解强筋优质小麦品种豫麦34的低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)的基因构成,利用普通小麦LMW-GS基因特异引物,采用PCR扩增技术从中克隆得到一个LMW-GS新基因LMWY34(GenBank No.GU183486)。该基因具有LMW-GS基因的典型结构特征,编码区全长906 bp,编码302个氨基酸。推导氨基酸序列显示,LMWY34的编码产物N-端具有LMW-m型低分子量谷蛋白亚基的典型特征,与已报道的GluD3-4位点编码的LMW-GS基因序列有很高的一致性(98.68%)。 相似文献
7.
小麦贮藏蛋白特性及其遗传转化 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：13
小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白由醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白组成。醇溶蛋白在组成上以单体形式存在 ,具有高度的异质性和复杂性。它决定小麦面筋的粘性。谷蛋白是由多个亚基组成的高分子聚合体 ,决定面筋的弹性。它可分为低分子量谷蛋白亚基和高分子量谷蛋白亚基 (HMW- GS)。HMW- GS具有相似的分子结构 ,即由中央重复序列、无重复的 N端和 C端组成。HMW- GS对小麦烘烤品质起着决定性作用 ,但因 HMW- GS类型不同而对加工品质的贡献大小各异。许多 HMW- GS基因已被揭示。实践证明 ,利用基因枪法 ,将 HMW- GS基因导入普通小麦的细胞核内 ,能够达到改良小麦烘焙品质的目的。随着分子生物学技术的不断发展 ,可望从营养和加工角度来改良小麦品质的特性 相似文献
8.
四川南部和重庆地区小麦地方品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为进一步发掘优异基因资源，为小麦品质遗传和育种改良提供基础材料，用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法，对分布于四川南部及重庆地区的49种地方小麦品种进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW—GS）组成分析。结果表明，供试小麦材料的HMW—GS组成主要有3种类型，以“Null、7＋8．2＋12”亚基组合出现的频率最高，说明这些地区的小麦地方品种在HMW—GS的组成上具有较高的遗传相似性，这为小麦品种中国春源于四川白麦子的说法提供了有力证据。研究还发现地方品种“奉节罗汉麦”中的Glu-IDx的编码蛋白不表达，这在中国小麦自然群体中属首次报道；同时在“南江青杆麦”的Glu-B1位点上发现了仅存在于四倍体小麦中的23＋18亚基。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种单向一步SDS-PAGE(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳)分析小麦贮藏蛋白(谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白)的方法,利用SDS-PAGE重新评价普通小麦品种间染色体代换系醇溶谷蛋白的组成.从小麦品种Cheyenne和Wichita的第1和第6组染色体的轮回代换系中提取谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白,估计每个品种特有蛋白质的分子量,第1组染色件编码的蛋白质,特别是醇溶蛋白和低分子谷蛋白亚基比第6组染色体编码的蛋白质变异大,高分子和低分子谷蛋白亚基都微溶于乙醇溶液.和四交品种相比,Cheyenne和Wichita的染色体代换系的醇溶谷蛋白多肽链都产生了变化.因而,只有在分析了两种醇溶谷蛋白组分后,才能确定品质改变(和代换染色体有关)和贮藏蛋白之间的相关性. 相似文献
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小麦谷蛋白亚基及其基因多态性研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本文主要介绍了小麦高、低分子量谷蛋白亚基及其控制基因的研究进展情况,包括各种不同的研究技术以及相应的研究结果。除了传统的SDS-PAGE技术以外,分子标记技术以及免疫化学技术都在该领域中得到日益广泛的应用,并取得了关于亚基及基因的多态性和快速鉴别方法等一系列重要的研究进展。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献