共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用涡度相关法对长江流域杨树人工林CO2通量季节变化进行了研究。结果表明:CO2通量的日变化特征与杨树所处生长阶段以及光合有效辐射(PAR)有关,夜间生态系统净碳交换(NEE)与5 cm土壤温度呈指数相关,全年的生态系统净碳交换(NEE)数值波动在-2~2 mg.m-2.s-1之间。生长季NEE的变化特点为:早上7点开始生态系统整体表现为吸收CO2,到午时(11:00—13:00)NEE的值较为稳定,日落(18:30—19:00)开始生态系统呼吸作用占主导,而晚上NEE的值变化不大。CO2的最大吸收出现在早上10点左右。NEE同时表现为较为明显的季节变化,在生长季节(4-9月)NEE多为负值,生态系统整体表现为对CO2的吸收,而在非生长季表现为一定强度的碳释放,值得注意的是在2006年的6月碳固定能力弱于生长季的其他月份,原因是长期降雨导致土壤呼吸加剧和水淹的生理胁迫导致杨树呼吸作用加剧。2006年全年NEE为-579 g.m-2,说明该生态系统具有明显的碳汇功能。 相似文献
2.
采用涡度相关技术对华北低丘山地30年生栓皮栎-刺槐-侧柏人工混交林生态系统进行连续2年的碳通量观测。结果表明:人工混交林净生态系统碳交换(NEE)的年际和季节变化都很明显,但日变化只在生长季(4—10月)才变得显著。2006和2007年人工混交林NEE的变化范围分别在-27.1～8.1和-24.4～9.8gCO2·m-2d-1,最大月平均CO2吸收量分别出现在5月和7月。生长季净碳吸收约占全年的96%。人工混交林是较强的碳汇,2006和2007年净碳吸收量分别为549.1和445.4gC·m-2a-1。春季干旱是2007年人工混交林净碳吸收显著下降的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(9)
以湖南省莽山地区4种典型森林类型(阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林及山地矮林)为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法观测4种森林类型土壤CH_4通量,比较其CH_4通量的动态及影响因子。结果表明:在生长季,4种森林类型甲烷通量总体上表现为汇,其大小顺序为常绿阔叶林(-10.290 9±9.900 5μg·m~(-2)h~(-1))山地矮林(-14.175 8±11.559 0μg·m~(-2)h~(-1))阔叶混交林(-17.115 5±11.074 8μg·m~(-2)h~(-1))针阔混交林(-23.700 2±10.484 7μg·m~(-2)h~(-1));除针阔混交林外,甲烷通量与土壤含水量无显著的相关性,4种森林类型甲烷通量均与土壤温度呈显著的负相关;甲烷通量对土壤养分的响应出现差异:山地矮林甲烷通量与土壤全氮、全磷呈显著正相关;常绿阔叶林甲烷通量与土壤有机碳呈显著负相关,与土壤全氮显著正相关,其他两种森林类型甲烷通量均与全氮呈显著正相关,说明土壤温度和土壤全氮是影响莽山地区甲烷通量的主要因素。 相似文献
4.
《辽宁林业科技》2015,(1)
近年来的研究表明非生长季生物活动和生物地球化学循环仍然十分活跃。本研究利用Licor-8100测定了2010-2013年期间的非生长季辽东山区落叶松人工林土壤呼吸速率,分析了非生长季内土壤呼吸速率变化规律及其对土壤温度的响应,并且估算了非生长季土壤CO2释放量。结果表明,2010-2011年土壤呼吸速率平均值为0.6±0.06μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,最小值出现在1月中旬;2011-2012年平均值为0.42±0.02μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,最小值出现在2月初;2012-2013年平均值为0.48±0.05μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,最小值出现在1月末。指数模型能够很好地模拟土壤呼吸速率随10 cm深度土壤温度变化的规律,表明土壤温度能够很好地解释土壤呼吸速率的变异规律。2010-2011、2011-2012和2012-2013年土壤CO2释放量分别为137、92和100 g C·m-2。 相似文献
5.
随着大气CO2浓度的升高,主要由其引起的温室效应与对生物新陈代谢的影响变得越来越显著。森林生态系统在全球碳循环中扮演着重要的角色。为了评估和理解森林土壤CO2通量及其随空气和土壤温度的季节和昼夜变化规律,我们在长白山北坡典型阔叶红松林内利用静态箱技术进行了原位观测。实验在整个生长季(6月初至9月末)昼夜进行,利用气相色谱进行气体分析。结果表明: 长白山阔叶红松林土壤是大气二氧化碳源,其CO2通量具有明显的季节和昼夜变化规律。通量的变化范围是(0.30-2.42)μmol穖-2穝-1,平均值为0.98μmol穖-2穝-1。土壤CO2排放的季节规律表明,土壤CO2通量的变化与气温和土壤温度的变化有关。CO2平均通量的最大值出现在7月((1.27±23%)μmol穖-2穝-1),最小值出现在9月((0.5±28%)μmol穖-2穝-1)。土壤CO2的昼夜波动与土壤温度变化有关,而在时间上滞后于温度的变化。森林下垫面土壤CO2通量与土壤温度显著相关,与6cm深度土层温度相关系数最大。基于气温和土壤温度计算的Q10值范围为2.09-3.40。图2表3参37。 相似文献
6.
【目的】量化人工林生态系统碳通量组分，探明环境因子对碳通量组分的调控作用，以提高人工林生态系统碳汇功能评估的准确性，为进一步认识气候变化背景下环境因子对人工林生态系统碳循环过程的调控作用提供参考。【方法】以北京市密云区油松人工林生态系统为研究对象，采用涡度相关法(EC)测定油松人工林生态系统净碳交换量，同时对空气温度(Ta)、饱和水汽压差(VPD)、光合有效辐射(PAR)和土壤水分(SWC)等环境要素进行原位连续监测，分析人工林生态系统碳通量组分季节变化特征及其与环境因子的响应关系。【结果】北京密云油松人工林2021年累积生态系统总生产力(GEP)为315 g·m-2，呼吸强度(RE)为291 g·m-2，净生产力(NEP)为24 g·m-2。GEP和RE在生长季(4—10月)较高，非生长季接近0 g·m-2。日GEP、RE和NEP最大值分别为4.7、3.3和3.1 g·m-2。月最大净光合速率在生长季呈单峰型变化，最大值出现在7月。在生长季和生长旺期，N... 相似文献
7.
8.
小兴安岭天然针阔混交林择伐后土壤呼吸动态变化 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用LI-8100土壤CO2排放通量全自动测量系统,针对小兴安岭带岭林业局东方红林场不同择伐强度的针阔混交林样地,测定林地生长季土壤呼吸速率以及10cm土深处的温度和湿度,探讨生长季土壤呼吸的日变化、季节变化和年通量。结果表明：土壤呼吸日变化动态与土壤温度日变化动态基本一致,呈明显的单峰曲线。采伐强度不同间接影响着土壤呼吸速率。研究表明：针阔混交林土壤呼吸速率均值在0．6—8．2μml·m^-2·s^-1之间,高于同纬度其他地区;雨季（6月、7月、8月、9月）土壤呼吸明显大于旱季（5月、10月、11月）;针阔混交林生态系统土壤呼吸不同月份通量值在1．68～18．82mol·m^-2之间,最大值和最小值分别出现在7月和11月。与北半球温带森林生态系统土壤呼吸变化趋势基本一致。2006年针阔混交林生态系统土壤呼吸通量为84．37mol·m^-2,与朝鲜半岛硬阔混交林土壤呼吸相似,但比一些热带地区的结果偏大。 相似文献
9.
采用静态箱/气相色谱分析技术对中国科学院鹤山丘陵综合开放试验站尾叶桉纯林(Eucalyptus urophylla,EUp)、厚荚相思纯林(Acacia crassicarpa,ACp)、10个树种混交林(Tp)和30个树种混交林(THp)4种林型的土壤CO2和CH4排放通量进行了原位测定,研究纯林和混交林对土壤温室气体排放的影响。结果表明:4种林型土壤都是CO2的源,但对CH4而言,可能是源,也可能是汇。CO2和CH4排放通量季节波动幅度较大;4种林型土壤CO2和CH4通量在湿季均维持较高水平;峰值均出现在湿季,旱季则趋于降低,且相对稳定。由于EUp和ACp纯林土壤微生物碳(Microbial Biomass Carbon,MBC)比混交林高,导致Eup(130.67 mg.m-2.h-1)和Acp(134.65 mg.m-2.h-1)土壤CO2通量显著高于Tp(111.39 mg.m-2.h-1)和THp(108.53 mg.m-2.h-1)。在4种林型中,尾叶桉和厚荚相思对土壤NO3-N和NH4-N快速吸收,土壤CH4排放通量较低。土壤温度、湿度、MBC、NO3-N和NH4-N都是影响土壤CO2和CH4... 相似文献
10.
蕉岭长潭省级自然保护区表土有机碳研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
基于UTM公里网格方法划分的66个网格的土壤剖面数据,分析了蕉岭长潭自然保护区5种典型植被类型(马尾松林、杉木林、针阔混交林、阔叶混交林和竹林)的表层土壤(0~20 cm)有机碳含量、密度、储量的分布特征与影响因子。结果表明:(1)表土有机碳含量SOC分布在12.61~66.19 g.kg-1之间,平均值为30.87±1.30 g.kg-1,大小顺序为竹林>阔叶混交林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,多重比较显示竹林(37.63 g.kg-1)显著高于马尾松林(18.52 g.kg-1),马尾松林仅为竹林的49.21%。(2)表土有机碳密度SOCD在3.27~15.69 kg.m-2间,平均值为8.22±0.39 kg.m-2,大小排序为阔叶混交林>竹林>针阔混交林>杉木林>马尾松林,阔叶混交林(10.15 kg.m-2)和竹林(9.96 kg.m-2)的SOCD值显著高于马尾松林(4.82 kg.m-2)(p=0.005,p=0.036),马尾松林仅是阔叶混交林的47.49%。(3)蕉岭长潭保护区表土层有机碳储量为402 100 t,占总面积54.54%的针阔混交林贡献最大,其次为阔叶混交林、杉木林、竹林和马... 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
16.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献