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1.
本研究从中国荷斯坦新生公犊的脂肪组织中分离培养前脂肪细胞,体外诱导分化9 d后,细胞变圆出现大量脂滴成为脂肪细胞,伴随着前脂肪细胞标志基因前脂肪细胞因子-1(preadipocyte factor-1,Pref-1)的表达消失和脂肪细胞标志基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ,PPAR-γ)mRNA高丰度表达.利用半定量RT-PCR技术研究胰岛素对脂联素mRNA表达水平的影响,发现1 nmol/L胰岛素对脂联素mRNA的表达水平没有影响(p＞0.05),10 nmol/L、100 nmol/L和1000 nmol/L胰岛素分别能显著抑制脂联素mRNA 48.7%、61.4%和61.9%的表达(P<0.05).进一步研究发现,100 nmol/L胰岛素处理脂肪细胞24 h内呈时间依赖性抑制脂联素mRNA的表达,这种抑制效应随胰岛素的除去脂联素的转录水平24 h后恢复到对照水平,用LY294002抑制磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase,PI3K/Akt)信号通路后,胰岛素对脂联素的转录没有影响.结果提示,体外胰岛素在脂肪细胞中能通过PI3K/Akt信号通路可逆性抑制脂联素mRNA的表达. 相似文献
2.
奶牛乳腺组织两种不同培养体系的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以液氮冷冻泌乳奶牛乳腺组织为研究材料，对奶牛乳腺组织的旋转培养法与贴壁培养法进行了比较研究。乳腺组织的培养条件为：DMEM／F12培养液中含2μg/mL氢化可的松、5μg／mL转铁蛋白、10μg／mL胰岛素和10％的胎牛血清。通过台盼蓝染色观察（旋转培养法）、培养组织观察（贴壁培养法）、测定MTT二甲基噻唑二苯基四唑嗅盐活性和基因组DNA降解成为1000bp以下核苷酸片段量来比较两种方法的优缺点。结果发现，旋转培养法在120h后组织和细胞成活率都在80％以上，MTT与基因组DNA降解值显示存72h内组织活性最高；贴壁培养法组织、细胞在24h开始贴壁，到48h后完全贴壁成活，72h后组织具有明显分泌活性，MTT值与基因组DNA降解值显示，72h以后奶牛乳腺组织已表现出分裂增殖能力，组织死亡率明显下降，96h后培养组织的增殖能力与死亡率都达到稳定状态。奶牛乳腺组织贴壁和旋转两种培养方法在72h内都可以保持奶牛乳腺组织基本活性。 相似文献
3.
目的：初步建立猪前体脂肪细胞与肌卫星细胞体外联合培养的方法，探讨联合培养模式下两类细胞的基本生长特性。方法：利用差速贴壁法分别纯化前体脂肪细胞与肌卫星细胞，按1：10的浓度比接种混合培养，以单独两类细胞培养作对照；采用油红O染色、Desmin免疫组化染色鉴定；通过形态学观察、MTT比色绘制生长曲线研究细胞生长规律。结果：Desmin免疫组化染色观察肌细胞阳性率达97%以上，油红O染色计数诱导分化细胞比率大于60%；形态学观察发现，联合培养细胞接触汇合前形态呈梭形，接触后不规则重叠交织生长；充脂细胞呈现较晚，且数量稀少； HE染色可见多核细胞融合及肌管样结构；测定2～9d细胞生长曲线显示，联合细胞组增殖比率大于对照组，经历2～3d潜伏期、3～7d指数生长期后，并未与对照组同步进入平台期，而呈持续缓慢上升趋势。结论：初步实现了体外猪前体脂肪细胞与肌卫星细胞的直接联合培养，并由研究结果显示其与对照组生长特性存在差异。 相似文献
4.
利用差速贴壁法分别纯化前体脂肪细胞与肌卫星细胞,按1∶10的浓度比接种混合培养。以单独两类细胞培养作对照,采用油红O染色和Desmin免疫组化染色鉴定,通过形态学观察和MTT比色绘制生长曲线研究细胞生长规律。结果表明,Desmin免疫组化染色观察肌细胞阳性率达97%以上,油红O染色计数诱导分化细胞比率大于60%;形态学观察发现,联合培养细胞接触汇合前形态呈梭形,接触后不规则重叠交织生长;充脂细胞呈现较晚,且数量稀少;HE染色可见多核细胞融合成肌管样结构;测定2～9d细胞生长曲线显示,联合细胞组增殖比率大于对照组,经历2～3d潜伏期、3～7d指数生长期后,并未与对照组同步进入平台期,而呈持续缓慢上升趋势。实验初步实现了体外猪前体脂肪细胞与肌卫星细胞的直接联合培养,并显示其与对照组生长特性存在差异。 相似文献
5.
为了研究体外胰岛素对猪脂肪组织脂肪代谢及相关基因表达的影响,对取自于7日龄大白×长白杂种仔猪皮下脂肪组织的脂肪细胞,经原代培养,用0!400nmol/L胰岛素处理48h,采用油红O染色提取、甘油试剂盒和半微量RT-PCR分别测定了脂肪细胞生脂和脂解的累计变化,以及转录因子固醇调控元件结合蛋白(SREBP)-1c和碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(ChREBP)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC1)和激素敏感脂酶(HSL)基因mRNA水平的变化。结果表明,低糖条件下(5mmol/L)下,胰岛素不影响原代培养猪脂肪细胞ChREBP和ACC1转录表达;胰岛素(200nmol/L例外)明显促进FAS转录表达,100!300nmol/L也显著增强SREBP-1c表达。但二者表达变化不一致,在原代猪脂肪细胞胰岛素是否是通过SREBP-1c途径调控FAS转录尚待进一步研究;高浓度胰岛素(300!400nmol/L)显著促进脂肪细胞HSL表达和脂解活性。 相似文献
6.
抵抗素对肌体脂肪代谢和能量平衡起重要调节作用.为了研究抵抗素对猪原代前脂肪细胞增殖与分化的影响,本研究从1日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织分离前脂肪细胞,分别培养于含有0、50、100、150和200μg/L重组抵抗素的DMEM/F12培养基,根据细胞形态、甘油三酯含量及脂蛋白脂酶活性的变化检测前脂肪细胞的增殖与分化情况.结果表明,在0～100μg/L范围内,随着培养液中抵抗素浓度的增加,抵抗素能显著促进猪前脂肪细胞增殖,细胞内脂蛋白脂酶活性显著增强;当培养液中抵抗素浓度增加至100～200μg/L时,猪前脂肪细胞增殖逐渐变弱,分化作用显著增强,甘油三酯合成代谢及细胞内脂肪滴聚集增加.研究结果提示抵抗素对猪前脂肪细胞生长具有双重作用. 相似文献
7.
大鼠肌肉卫星细胞的分离、鉴定与诱导分化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肌肉卫星细胞是组织特异性干细胞,负责着骨骼肌的生长和再生.尽管发现卫星细胞的存在已经有50多年的历史了,但分离鉴定肌肉卫星细胞的方法仍然不稳定.本研究使用两步酶消化和差速贴壁相结合的方法分离大鼠(Rattus norve gicus)肌肉卫星细胞.免疫细胞化学染色显示,分离的大鼠肌肉卫星细胞高表达Desmin;通过RT-PCR鉴定所分离的细胞表达肌源性干细胞因子Myf5及Myod1;成肌诱导48h后,卫星细胞开始形成多核的肌管;成脂诱导1周后,细胞内开始出现脂滴,2周后充脂细胞明显增多.研究结果提示,分离的卫星细胞具有肌源性,有发育形成肌管和向成脂细胞分化的能力. 相似文献
8.
猪胚胎干细胞培养、分离和传代 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
摘要:利用五指山小型猪近交系不同发育阶段的早期胚胎为材料，探索猪胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells,ES)培养、分离、传代的影响因素，以选择猪胚胎干细胞建系的适宜条件。收集五指山猪第5～10 d胚胎(配种当天记为0 d)，以 STO细胞[STO细胞是来自SIM小鼠(S)胚胎对硫代鸟嘌呤(thioguanine,T)和乌本苷(ouabain,O)有抗性的成纤维细胞系]为饲养层，分别采用两种培养液: 杜氏培养液(Dulbecco's modified eagle medium ，DMEM) + 10%胎牛血清（fetal bovine serum，FBS）+ 10 %新生牛血清（newborn bovine serum，NBS）+1 000 IU/mL白血病抑制因子（leukemia inhibitory factor，LIF）+ 30 ng/mL干细胞生长因子（stem cell growth factor , SCF）+20 ng/mL碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor ，bFGF)或DMEM + 10% NBS + 10% FBS + 1 000 IU/mL LIF + 30 ng/mL SCF。比较发现，培养液中是否加入bFGF对胚胎干细胞的培养无显著影响；实验共收集胚胎124枚，其中D5～6胚胎18枚，胚胎贴壁率为68.8% ，内细胞团出现率为6.3% ，未能传代；收集D7孵化囊胚27枚，贴壁率为100% ，内细胞团出现率为38.9% ，传代1次失败；D9胚胎18枚，贴壁率为100%，传代后ES细胞生长较缓慢；收集D10胚胎52枚，胚胎贴壁率为100%，传代率为100%，传代后可出现ES细胞克隆点；实验过程中比较了胚径对干细胞培养的影响，发现胚径越大，培养效果越好，胚径大于100μm,分离ICM后出现干细胞集落成功率达100%，并得到了AP染色呈阳性的传4代的ES细胞集落。 相似文献
9.
成熟脂肪去分化技术可为研究脂肪细胞分化提供均一的前体脂肪细胞。本研究分离培养了猪成熟脂肪细胞,并去分化为前体脂肪细胞。本实验采用Ⅱ胶原酶消化后离心分离1~3日龄仔猪(Susscrofa)皮下脂肪组织,天花板法培养获得成熟脂肪细胞。显微镜下观察脂肪细胞去分化形态学变化,并在成脂诱导培养液的作用下诱导再分化。采用油红O染色法检测分化不同时期细胞脂滴聚集效率,脂滴的累积随诱导的进行不断增加。RT-PCR检测成熟脂肪细胞标志基因过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPARγ)和和脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)的mRNA相对表达量,分化早期基因表达水平较低,其表达水平在分化过程中持续增高,在分化后期PPARγ相对表达量与诱导分化前增加了2.8倍,FABP4增加了约62倍(差异显著P<0.05)。说明去分化获得的前体脂肪细胞在成脂诱导培养液作用下,可有效地分化为成熟脂肪细胞。本研究优化了猪成熟脂肪细胞分离和培养体系,并通过去分化获得具有再分化能力的前体脂肪细胞,为进一步深入研究猪脂肪细胞分化与代谢提供技术平台。 相似文献
10.
成熟脂肪细胞在天花板培养(ceiling culture)条件下可自发去分化为不含脂滴的成纤维细胞(dedifferentiated fat cell,DFAT),这种细胞体外可向多个谱系分化,因此近年来备受人们关注。为研究猪成熟脂肪细胞去分化过程中关键基因表达规律,本研究先分离、鉴定了猪成熟脂肪细胞,然后采用一种新的天花板培养法使其发生去分化,再用实时定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术分析了猪成熟脂肪细胞去分化过程中关键基因的表达变化,最后用1μmol/L罗格列酮(Rosiglitazone)处理猪成熟脂肪细胞,研究增强成脂对去分化的影响。结果显示:分离的猪成熟脂肪细胞的纯度高达98.7%,并且新式天花板培养法能够高效的使其发生去分化;在去分化的过程中中后期成脂关键基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(aP2)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)的mRNA水平分别上调了8、3和7.5倍,而脂肪分解关键基因激素敏感脂酶(HSL)和脂肪组织甘油三酯脂肪酶(ATGL)的mRNA水平分别上调了40倍和10倍;罗格列酮处理能够显著抑制猪成熟脂肪细胞去分化(P<0.05)。这些结果说明,成熟脂肪细胞去分化是一个以脂解为主并伴有一定水平成脂的脂代谢过程,这为进一步研究成熟脂肪细胞去分化机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献