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1.
为评估不同养殖环境对禾花鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肌肉营养与品质的影响,采用国标法检测稻田和池塘2种养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉常规营养成分、质构特性、氨基酸和脂肪酸组成。结果显示,池塘组禾花鲤肌肉粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),水分含量显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),灰分含量2组差异不显著(P>0.05);池塘组肌肉粘性显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),内聚性和剪切力显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),其他质构指标2组间差异不显著(P>0.05);肌肉氨基酸测定结果显示,池塘组氨基酸总量(?TAA)、鲜味氨基酸(DAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),?EAA/TAA和?EAA/NEAA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05),2组禾花鲤必需氨基酸构成比例均符合FAO/WHO标准;在鲜味氨基酸含量方面,池塘组主要的4种呈味氨基酸含量均显著高于稻田组(P<0.05)。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)标准,2组禾花鲤肌肉第一、二限制性氨基酸均分别为色氨酸(Trp)和缬氨酸(Val);在脂肪酸测定结果中显示,池塘组单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)含量显著高于稻田组(P<0.05),但多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、EPA+DHA和∑n-3PUFA/ ∑n-6PUFA显著低于稻田组(P<0.05)。综上所述,池塘和稻田养殖条件下,禾花鲤均为优质的蛋白质来源,但不同养殖环境对禾花鲤肌肉营养与品质有显著影响。从常规营养成分、氨基酸评分方面看,池塘养殖条件下禾花鲤肌肉营养价值更高;从脂肪酸角度来看,稻田养殖禾花鲤肌肉具有较高的EPA+DHA含量以及n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比例,更适合高血脂和心血管疾病等患者食用,从质构性来看,稻田养殖环境下禾花鲤肌肉更具嚼劲。 相似文献
2.
以贵州省铜仁锦江河漾头河段野生黄颡鱼鱼卵和同一区域内养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵为研究对象,采用常规生化方法测定了野生与养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵氨基酸组成和含量,采用气相色谱技术检测了野生与养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵脂肪酸组成和含量。氨基酸测定结果表明,野生黄颡鱼鱼卵的氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量显著低于养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵(P0.05),第一限制性氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸+半胱氨酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为55.60和59.12。脂肪酸测定结果表明,野生黄颡鱼鱼卵的饱和脂肪酸总量极显著高于养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵(P0.01),单不饱和脂肪酸总量二者差异不显著(P0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸总量极显著低于养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵(P0.01),但野生黄颡鱼鱼卵的二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的总量极显著高于养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵(P0.01),野生黄颡鱼鱼卵的n-3系列的多不饱和脂肪酸总量与n-6系列不饱和脂肪酸总量的比值(1.57)低于养殖黄颡鱼鱼卵(1.80)。 相似文献
3.
为比较野生菊黄东方鲀与养殖菊黄东方鲀肌肉的品质,采用常规生化方法测定并分析了其肌肉中营养成分及部分氨基酸的含量。结果表明,野生组菊黄东方鲀肌肉中的粗脂肪含量显著高于养殖组(P0.05),粗灰分含量显著低于养殖组(P0.05);16种氨基酸中,野生组有6种氨基酸含量显著高于养殖组(P0.05),而其他氨基酸含量则无显著性差异(P0.05);野生组菊黄东方鲀肌肉中必需氨基酸(EAA)和鲜味氨基酸(DAA)的含量显著高于养殖组(P0.05)。根据FAO和WHO提倡的相关评价指标,在营养、口感味道等方面,野生菊黄东方鲀相对于养殖菊黄东方鲀较优。 相似文献
4.
为比较山泉流水和池塘养殖草鱼的品质区别,测定了体质量为1500~1750 g的两种方式养殖草鱼的基本营养、矿物元素、胶原蛋白、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量及肌肉抗氧化能力。测定结果表明,山泉流水养殖草鱼水分、粗脂肪、K和Na含量显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),粗蛋白、灰分、P、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn和Se含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼肌肉不可溶性胶原蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),丙二醛含量则显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05);山泉流水养殖草鱼的总必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸分别为15.76%、5.60%,显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),氨基酸评分、化学评分和必需氨基酸指数均高于池塘养殖草鱼;山泉流水养殖草鱼饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸显著低于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05),多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于池塘养殖草鱼(P<0.05)。综上可知,山泉流水养殖草鱼在蛋白与脂肪含量、肌肉抗氧化能力、氨基酸平衡性及脂肪酸质量等方面优于普通池塘养殖草鱼。 相似文献
5.
野生与人工养殖牙鲆亲鱼不同组织脂肪酸的比较 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为研究脂肪酸对牙鲆繁育性能的影响, 采用生物化学方法, 对野生和养殖牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏及卵中脂肪酸组成分别进行测定。结果表明: (1) 牙鲆肌肉、肝脏和卵中脂肪含量大小关系为肝脏>卵>肌肉。野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中脂肪含量显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏脂肪含量与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (2) 牙鲆亲鱼3种组织中均检测出21种脂肪酸。野生亲鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与养殖亲鱼无显著差异, 单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05)。肝脏和卵中SFA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), MUFA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (3) 野生亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中高不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量, 尤其是肝脏和卵中C20:5n-3(EPA)、C22:6n-3(DHA)的含量均显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但肌肉和卵中的C20:4n-6(ARA)含量明显高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05); (4) 野生牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中n-3/n-6 PUFA及EPA/ARA显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏中DHA/EPA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中的DHA/EPA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异。比较结果说明, DHA、EPA和ARA等PUFA是与牙鲆繁殖性能密切相关的重要脂肪酸。在牙鲆亲鱼养殖过程中, 除了提供牙鲆亲鱼足够的脂肪酸营养外, 也应注意各种脂肪酸, 尤其是PUFA中各种脂肪酸之间的添加比例, 从而保证亲鱼的繁殖性能及卵和仔鱼的质量。 相似文献
6.
《水产科学》2013,(8)
测定和分析了海水和淡水养殖的凡纳滨对虾肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸组成。试验结果表明,海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉中粗蛋白和粗灰分含量显著高于淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾(P0.05),而水分的含量显著低于淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾(P0.05);海水养殖凡纳滨对虾氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸量、鲜味氨基酸总量均显著高于淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾(P0.05);海水和淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉中均含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,总量分别达68.48%和69.80%,但海水虾肌肉中饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于淡水虾(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸总量显著低于淡水虾(P0.01);海水虾肌肉中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸总量亦显著低于淡水虾(P0.05),表明在海水环境中凡纳滨对虾合成n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的能力较差。综合分析表明,海水养殖凡纳滨对虾肌肉的营养价值和风味稍优于淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾。 相似文献
7.
为研究杂交青虾"太湖1号"在滨海型盐碱水域养殖条件下的营养特点,采用常规生化成分测定法测定了该杂交青虾肌肉中的营养成分,并与野生青虾的肌肉营养成分进行比较。结果显示:杂交青虾肌肉(鲜重)中蛋白质、脂肪、灰分、水分的含量分别为16.774%、0.927%、1.173%、81.367%;肌肉中共检测出18种氨基酸(总量为85.680%,干重),其中8种必需氨基酸占31.024%;肌肉中含12种脂肪酸,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)与二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量较高,两者含量之和为1.247%,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为1.753%;矿物元素种类丰富,常量元素中,钾含量最高(12.420 mg/g),微量元素中,锌含量最高(59.673μg/g)。研究发现,杂交青虾"太湖1号"蛋白含量显著低于野生青虾(P0.05),脂肪、EPA+DHA含量极显著高于野生青虾(P0.01),氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸总量与野生青虾无显著差异(P0.05),必需氨基酸总量显著低于野生青虾(P0.05),但两者氨基酸结构均符合FAO/WHO的标准要求。研究表明:滨海型盐碱水域养殖条件下的杂交青虾"太湖1号"氨基酸组成平衡,微量元素丰富,具有较高的营养价值。 相似文献
8.
不同养殖模式对大黄鱼肉质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对工厂化养殖模式、网箱养殖模式养殖的大黄鱼和野生大黄鱼进行了肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸的分析比较。研究结果表明,工厂化养殖模式和网箱养殖模式的大黄鱼粗蛋白含量均显著低于野生大黄鱼(P0.05),粗脂肪含量均显著高于野生大黄鱼(P0.05)。工厂化养殖模式的大黄鱼必需氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均显著高于网箱养殖大黄鱼,但显著低于野生大黄鱼(P0.05)。工厂化养殖模式的大黄鱼多不饱和脂肪酸以及二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸均显著高于网箱养殖的而显著低于野生大黄鱼(P0.05)。工厂化养殖模式养殖大黄鱼可以生产出肉质营养结构和风味优于传统网箱养殖的大黄鱼。 相似文献
9.
野生和人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼不同组织氨基酸的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明野生和人工养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼的繁育性能和卵巢发育之间的关系,采用生物化学方法,将处于Ⅲ~Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期的野生和养殖褐牙鲆亲鱼中肌肉、肝脏及卵巢氨基酸含量分别进行测定,结果表明,(1)褐牙鲆肌肉、肝脏、卵巢3种组织器官中总氨基酸含量大小关系为肌肉>卵巢>肝脏;(2) 发育同期的野生和养殖亲鱼肌肉中大部分氨基酸含量差异不显著（P>0.05）,并且随着性腺的成熟,野生和养殖亲鱼肌肉中大部分氨基酸较为稳定,其中含量变化显著的必需氨基酸为蛋氨酸、组氨酸（P<0.05）;(3) 发育同期的养殖亲鱼肝脏中大部分氨基酸含量高于野生亲鱼,随着性腺发育,野生和养殖亲鱼肝脏中氨基酸含量呈明显上升趋势;(4) 在Ⅴ期卵巢氨基酸组成中,除蛋氨酸、组氨酸含量存在显著差异外,野生和养殖亲鱼卵巢中氨基酸总量及必需氨基酸总量均不存在显著差异（P>0.05）,同时,随着性腺发育,野生和养殖亲鱼卵巢中氨基酸含量呈明显上升趋势,差异显著的必需氨基酸有精氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸（P<0.05）。 相似文献
10.
中华绒螯蟹池塘套养与温室养殖的中华鳖雄体生物学指数和营养成分比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分别取中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)池塘套养和温室养殖中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)雄体(分别简称为"套养鳖"和"温室鳖")各5只,解剖取四肢肌肉、裙边和肝脏,分析和比较两种鳖的生物学指数,可食组织常规营养成分、氨基酸含量和脂肪酸组成的差异。结果显示:(1)温室鳖裙边指数(SI)和肝体比(HSI)均显著高于套养鳖(P0.05)。(2)套养鳖肌肉灰分和裙边水分含量均显著高于温室鳖,而裙边蛋白含量则以温室鳖较高(P0.01),套养鳖和温室鳖其余常规营养成分均无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)温室鳖肌肉和裙边中的大部分氨基酸、总必需氨基酸(∑EAA)和总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于套养鳖,半胱氨酸含量及EAA/TAA以套养鳖较高(P0.05);套养鳖和温室鳖肌肉和裙边中的必需氨基酸评分(EAAS)较为接近,而EAAS平均值以套养鳖较高。(4)温室鳖肌肉C18:1n9、C18:1n7及单不饱和脂肪酸(∑MUFA)总量显著高于套养鳖,而C22:6n3、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)、∑n-3PUFA、总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)含量及n-3/n-6以套养鳖较高(P0.05);就裙边而言,除温室鳖C17:0和C20:2n6含量显著高于套养鳖外(P0.05),其余脂肪酸含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。综上可见,中华鳖在两种养殖模式下均具有较高的营养价值。 相似文献
11.
亚东鲑(Salmo trutta fario)是鲑属鱼类在青藏高原仅有的鱼类种群,是亚东地区全国农产品地理标志产品。本研究对西藏亚东地区野生和养殖亚东鲑的常规营养成分及各组织氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行分析,旨在比较野生和养殖亚东鲑营养成分的异同,为养殖亚东鲑的品质评价和饲料配方的完善提供参考信息。实验采集亚东河中野生亚东鲑和亚东渔业产业园中使用配合饲料养殖的亚东鲑各10尾用于相关成分分析,每尾为一个独立样本。结果显示,野生组肥满度显著低于养殖组,而全鱼水分和灰分显著高于养殖组。全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪以及肝脏常规成分在野生组和养殖组间无显著差异。野生组肌肉粗脂肪显著低于养殖组,而水分含量显著高于养殖组。野生组全鱼必需氨基酸总量显著高于养殖组,且野生组肌肉中苏氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和甘氨酸含量显著高于养殖组。野生组全鱼、肌肉和肝脏中饱和脂肪酸、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)总量、EPA、C20:4n-6以及肌肉中DHA含量高于养殖组,而全鱼和组织中单不饱和脂肪酸和n-6 PUFA总量低于养殖组。综上所述,目前养殖亚东鲑和野生亚东鲑在机体成分上存在较大差异。由于养殖鱼类体成分很大程度上反映了饲料组成,因此,亚东鲑养殖中饲料营养组成可能有待进一步优化。 相似文献
12.
Prakash Sharma Vikas Kumar Amit Kumar Sinha Jayant Ranjan H. M. P. Kithsiri Gudipati Venkateshwarlu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(3):411-417
The proximate composition of the whole body and the fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle, eye and brain of wild and
cultured rohu (Labeo rohita) were analyzed. The cultured species was found to have significantly (P < 0.05) higher lipid contents than its wild counterpart. The saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acid contents
were significantly higher in the cultured species, whereas the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were higher
in the wild species. Fatty acids C16:0 and C18:1 n-9 were the principal fatty acids of the SFAs and MUFAs, respectively,
identified in the analyses. Docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid were the predominant PUFAs in
both groups, and all three were found to be present at significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels in the wild species. Erucic acid (C22:1 n-9), which was the predominant fatty acid (30.76%) in the
feed, was detected only at low levels in muscle (0.30%), liver (1.04%) and eye (1.28%) of cultured fish tissue. 相似文献
13.
Feng Zhao Ping Zhuang Longzhen Zhang Zhaohong Shi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(4):1105-1111
We evaluated the biochemical composition of juvenile cultured and wild silver pomfret Pampus argenteus. Cultured silver pomfret (SF) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower crude protein content and higher crude lipid content than wild SF. Concentrations of almost all amino acids,
except glycine and arginine, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in wild SF compared to cultured SF. Further, wild SF had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentration of total amino acids (TAA), essential amino acids (EAA), and a higher essential amino acid index
(EAAI) than cultured SF. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) in cultured SF were significantly higher than in wild SF. However, the
content of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and n-3 fatty acids in wild SF was significantly higher than in cultured SF.
Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in cultured and wild SF were not significantly different. Fatty acids C16:0 and C18:1
were the principal fatty acids of the SFAs and MUFAs, respectively, in both cultured and wild SF. The results will be useful
for determining the dietary requirements for culture of SF. 相似文献
14.
对采自浙江省新昌县的野生(平均质量15.3g)和养殖(平均质量14.9g)光唇鱼肌肉营养组成分别进行了测定和评价。野生光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.62%,脂肪2.66%,水分80.73%,灰分0.92%;养殖光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量为16.51%,脂肪2.51%,水分80.65%,灰分0.94%;野生光唇鱼的水分、蛋白质和脂肪含量均较养殖光唇鱼略高。共检测到17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸8种,风味氨基酸4种。野生组的氨基酸总量显著高于养殖组;必需氨基酸的总量也高于养殖组。与养殖光唇鱼相比,野生光唇鱼肌肉中苏氨酸、亮氨酸及含硫氨基酸含量较高。以氨基酸评分为标准,光唇鱼肌肉的第一限制氨基酸是赖氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸;以化学评分为标准,说明光唇鱼肌肉必需氨基酸组成相对平衡且含量丰富,是一种较为平衡的优质蛋白质。共检出22种脂肪酸,光唇鱼肌肉中所含饱和脂肪酸有9种;不饱和脂肪酸共有14种,其中单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸8种;饱和脂肪酸中C 16:0含量最大;而不饱和脂肪酸中C 16:1和C 18:2含量最高。多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(C 20:5)含量为10.20%;二十碳六烯酸(C 22:6)含量为9.18%,在淡水鱼中是较高的,是一种优质的淡水食用鱼类。 相似文献
15.
Serap Saglik Aslan Kasim Cemal Guven Tuncay Gezgin Mustafa Alpaslan Adem Tekinay 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1195-1198
Abstract: The total lipid content and fatty acid composition were determined in the flesh and skin of wild and cultured rainbow trout in Turkey. The effect of diet content was also investigated on cultured trout. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for fatty acid analyses. Total lipid content of skin was higher than flesh in both types and when compared appreciably higher in cultured fish. The predominant fatty acid was palmitic acid (C16:0) in saturated fatty acids and oleic acid (C18:1n-9) in monounsaturated fatty acids. The amount of eicosapentaenoic acid was double in wild and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 1.5 times higher in cultured fish flesh. The n-3/n-6 ratio was higher in cultured fish than wild fish. The levels of palmitic, oleic, linoleic (C18:2n-6) and palmitoleic (C16:1n-7) acids were high in skin. The level of EPA was the same in skin of wild fish but 5.5 times higher in cultured fish, whereas the proportion of DHA in skin was lower for wild and 3.5 times higher in cultured fish. Wild fish had a high level of linoleic, arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and linolenic (C18:3n-3) acids. The total amount of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in flesh of wild fish than cultured fish, contrary to skin of cultured fish. The data obtained demonstrated that fatty acid composition of cultured fish did not depend on that of feed. 相似文献
16.
Yan-Ru Guo Sai-Qi Gu Xi-Chang Wang Lin-Min Zhao Jin-Yuan Zheng 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(3):621-633
The fatty acid and amino acid compositions of different grades of steamed Chinese mitten crab were analyzed. In total, 37 types of fatty acid were identified and quantified, with monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) constituting approximately 70 % of all fatty acids. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid were dominant with approximately 30, 20, and 10 % of overall contents, respectively. The highest levels of fatty acids were found in special-grade animals, followed by first-grade and second-grade samples. The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs ranged from 0.54 to 2.64, showing Eriocheir sinensis to be rich in n-3 PUFAs. In addition, claw and body meat were rich in amino acids and essential amino acids (EAA), while leg meat had higher content of flavor amino acids (FAA). Among almost all amino acids, the highest levels were found in Eriocheir sinensis of special grade, then first and second grade. On the whole, our results indicate that special-grade Eriocheir sinensis is highly nutritious due to its high levels of fatty acids and amino acids. 相似文献
17.
James Sales 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3-4):298-309
Inconclusive results on the effect of farming on fatty acid composition of fish prevent the application of this possible variable in studies related to human health and environmental policies. The current meta-analysis used results from 39 studies to produce compelling quantitative results on differences in fatty acid components related to human health between farmed and wild fish. With seawater fish, mean effect sizes (Hedges' d) for differences in contents of EPA + DHA, total n-3 fatty acids, and the n-3:n-6 ratio were virtually zero. However, farmed freshwater fish showed a lower total n-3 fatty acid content than their wild counterparts. 相似文献