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1.
国内外甘蓝型油菜种质SSR标记遗传多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
用SSR分子标记对国内外48份甘蓝型油菜品种进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明：筛选出的45对引物共扩增出326个位点,多态位点281个,多态性比率为86.2%;平均每对引物扩增的条带数和多态性条带数分别为7.2和6.2。多态性信息含量（PIC）在0.374~0.856,平均为0.699。遗传相似系数在0.48~0.79之间,参试材料差异较大;以0.51为阈值将48份参试材料划分为冬性、半冬性和春性三大类群,三大类群间相对独立又有一定程度的渗透,说明材料之间存在不同程度的亲缘关系。主成分分析与聚类分析结果一致。说明SSR标记能够较全面地反应种质材料的遗传多样性,能够为种质的保存提供帮助,同时可以用来分析育种材料的遗传多样性,对育种工作有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
2.
利用SSR标记研究甘蓝型油菜自育杂交种(陕西省杂交油菜研究中心培育的品种及杂交组合)与其他主栽品种的遗传多样性和遗传关系,为种质创新、材料选择和育种设计提供参考。47对引物在62份样品中检测到50个多态性位点,23份自育杂交种及39份其他主栽品种的遗传多样性为中度丰富,自育杂交种等位变异数、基因型数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度及多态性信息含量等值相对较低;69%的杂交品种杂合率大于40%;发现其他主栽品种对自育杂交种有补充等位变异的位点10个、含重要高频率等位变异的位点14个。遗传相似系数(GS)分析表明自育杂交种内部总体为中高度相似性(0.7GS0.8),其他主栽品种内部及两组之间为中度相似性(0.6GS0.7)。主坐标分析和遗传分化系数显示两组间有明显遗传分化。系统聚类在GS值0.66处将全部样品主要分为两类,自育杂交种、黄淮区及长江中游区品种总数96%在第一类,第二类主要为长江上游区和下游区品种。自育杂交种的遗传多样性相对较低,其与黄淮区和长江中游区品种遗传关系较近,与大部分长江上游区和下游区品种遗传关系较远;可利用遗传关系远的品种创制材料,用前述补充等位变异进行分子标记辅助选择,以高效拓宽现有育种资源的遗传基础。 相似文献
3.
利用SSR标记分析黑龙江水稻区域试验品系的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用20个表型性状和51个SSR标记分析25份黑龙江省一积温带区域试验品系、20份21世纪推广品种和14份21世纪以前推广品种的的遗传多样性,共检测到92个表型变异和166个SSR等位基因,其中21世纪区试品系表型变异数和SSR等位基因数分别为64,142个(平均2.78个),21世纪推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为78,126个(平均2.47个),21世纪以前推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为82,127个(平均2.49个)。遗传变异主要存在于品种间(94%),群体之间(6%)差异较小。聚类分析将供试材料分为4类,21世纪区试品系形成了独立的类群,其SSR遗传多样性极显著高于21世纪以前和21世纪推广品种,但是黑龙江水稻遗传多样性相对于其他地区仍处于较低水平,应进一步拓宽遗传基础。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2017,(8)
评价种质的遗传多样性对种质的筛选及开发具有关键的作用,分子标记在研究种质遗传变异及种质鉴定方面有很大的价值。文冠果作为中国北方重要的油料能源树种,研究其遗传多样性具有很重要的意义。本研究运用SSR标记的方法,研究了来自全国14个地区的具有代表性的138份文冠果种质资源的遗传多样性,并逐步构建出了25份文冠果核心种质。结果表明,选用的23对引物都表现出多态性,共检测出80个等位变异,平均每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为3.48;平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为2.46;平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.51。可见文冠果种质之间存在大量的遗传变异,遗传多样性很丰富。以聚类分析结果为基础,逐步构建了文冠果的核心种质25份,为原始种质的20%。其遗传多样性指标与原始种质的差异不显著,说明核心种质能充分的代表原始种质资源。这些研究结果为文冠果种质资源的保护、筛选及利用提供了宝贵的理论依据和种质材料。 相似文献
5.
供试品种的遗传多样性与籼型水稻优良恢复系回交导入改良 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取53个SSR标记,分析了55份参试水稻种质的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,以期为选配组合与改良亲本提供参考.本试验共检测到267个等位变异,平均每个位点等位变异数为5.04个,变化范围为4～7个;53个SSR标记的多样性指数(PIC)平均为0.624,变化范围是0.287～0.786.55份不同材料大体上可分为籼稻和粳稻两大类,各品种间遗传距离在0.588～0.996之间.明恢86与53份供体亲本间的相似性系数为0.655～0.850,蜀恢527与53份供体亲本间的相似性系数为0.640～0.873.试验结果表明检测SSR多态性是研究水稻品种之间遗传差异的高效、准确的手段之一,为高代回交导入群体的有利基因发掘和利用提供了有益的参考. 相似文献
6.
基于SSR标记的饲草高粱种质资源遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究饲草高粱品种之间的遗传关系,本研究利用109对SSR引物对48个饲草高粱种质资源进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明,109对SSR引物在3%琼脂糖凝胶上共检测出300个等位变异,平均每个位点检测到3.08个等位变异。平均多肽信息量为0.605 6,多态性信息指数变幅为0.268 0~0.901 2。通过聚类分析将48个高粱品种分为2个类群。分类结果和已知系谱的亲源关系多数吻合,说明供试的饲草高粱种质资源具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。本研究旨在对饲草高粱种质资源的有效利用提供帮助和参考。 相似文献
7.
《分子植物育种》2016,(10)
了解烟草种质材料的遗传多样性,可为其有效利用与保护提供依据。据此,本研究采用荧光SSR和荧光MFLP技术,对来源于12个不同国家和地区94份烟草核心种质材料进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示,17对SSR和52对MFLP引物组合分别检测出34个和136个具多态性的等位变异位点,平均每对SSR和MFLP引物分别为2个和2.61个。SSR标记的多态性信息量(PIC)变幅为0.126 4~0.466 2,平均为0.281 1;MFLP标记的PIC值在0.119 5~0.803 4之间,平均为0.462 4。遗传多样性分析表明,94份烟草核心种质材料间的遗传距离在0.095 2~0.902 6之间,平均为0.453 9;遗传相似系数在0.444 4~0.905 5之间,平均为0.664 8。UPGMA聚类分析和主坐标分析均将94份材料分为6大类,且两种方法能相互对应、补充和验证。此外,依据12个不同地区烟草种质材料间的遗传一致度,可将其聚类为4个大组,其中第IV大组可以分为4个亚组。本研究结果表明94份烟草核心种质的遗传多样性较丰富,合理地利用这些种质材料,将有利于拓宽中国烟草品种的遗传基础。 相似文献
8.
用于中国小豆种质资源遗传多样性分析SSR分子标记筛选及应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以375份小豆核心种质为试验材料, 利用从小豆及其近缘种SSR引物中筛选出的13对引物进行遗传多样性分析。检测结果显示, 小豆种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性, 共检测到133个等位变异, 每对SSR引物检测到等位变异4~19个, 平均10.23个, 国内各省多态信息含量(PIC)平均为0.561, 多态位点比例(P)平均为93.523%。聚类结果表明, 小豆资源遗传关系与生态分区间有明显的联系, 且东北地区资源与中南部资源遗传关系较近。湖北、安徽、陕西3省资源的PIC较高, 且基本位于主坐标三维图的中心区域, 推断湖北、安徽、陕西是中国栽培小豆的起源地或多样性中心。该结果有助于更好地对小豆种质资源进行收集、保护和利用。 相似文献
9.
小麦种质资源农艺性状变异及其遗传多样性分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了解不同小麦种质资源农艺性状变异及其遗传多样性,利用SSR分子标记分析了44份CIMMYT春小麦和45份国内主栽小麦种质资源的遗传变异。结果表明,小麦单株产量、株高和穗粒数的变异系数分别为36.7%、16.4%和15.6%,说明国内外种质材料在表型上存在较大差异。利用20对分子标记对89份小麦种质资源进行了多态性检测,结果显示,共检测到162个等位变异,每对引物检测到等位变异数目为6~9个,平均每对SSR标记能够检测到8.1个变异,其中Xgwm314的多态性最丰富;SSR标记的多态性信息含量（PIC）介于0.0223~0.8177,平均值为0.5109;平均每位点的有效等位基因数的变异范围为0.2984~8.7818,Xgwm165的多态性最丰富,平均值为1.2215;Shannon’s信息指数的变异范围为0.1114~0.3162,平均值为0.2307。聚类分析结果显示,89份小麦种质资源分为2大类群,第一类有25份,该类群株高较低,第二类有64份,国外材料大多集中在这一类中。本研究表明,44份CIMMYT春小麦及45份国内主栽小麦种质资源遗传相似性较大,地域性分布特征显著,聚类结果反映出小麦品种（系）多样性水平复杂,可为小麦新品种选育提供优异的亲本材料。 相似文献
10.
分析中国栽培大豆遗传多样性所需SSR引物的数目 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
我国拥有极其丰富的大豆资源。传统的方法是根据农艺性状来分析其遗传变异，但农艺性状受自然环境和人为因素影响明显。随着大豆育成品种的增加，有限的表型变异已难以详细阐明我国2万余份大豆品种的遗传变异情况，需要从DNA分子水平深入研究我国大豆资源遗传变异分布规律。本研究以190份为大豆为初选核心种质的一个无偏样本。用60对SSR引物扩增，获得606个等位变异，平均每个位点有10个等位变异。位点多态信息量范围从0．55到0．99，平均为0．83。对190份大豆相似系数矩阵的标准误分析表明。SSR引物数增加到50左右时。再增加引物，标准误变化很小。共表型矩阵之间的相关性测验显示，当等位变异数达到570以上，相互之间相关性极显著。从实验材料中选取东北春大豆类型作为一个小样本进行共表型矩阵相关性分析也有类似结果。用SSR方法分析中国栽培大豆(G．max)遗传变异关系时，只有等位变异数达到一定的范围时，才能真实地反映出品种之间的遗传变异关系。当群体的遗传变异范围变得相对较小时。分析个体之间的遗传变异关系所需的等位变异数目也相应降低。结合SSR位点在大豆基因组中的分布和基因多样性水平。能够找到分析栽培大豆遗传多样性的核心SSR引物。只有获得等位变异数在570以上。才能客观地反映出中国栽培大豆遗传变异关系。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
14.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
15.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
16.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
17.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
18.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献