首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 750 毫秒
1.
花椰菜主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
分析了花椰菜不同器官(花球、茎、叶和根)中芥子油苷等主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力,发现烯丙基芥子油苷是花椰菜中主要的芥子油苷,不同器官中芥子油苷的组分与含量差异显著,根系中的总芥子油苷、总脂肪类、总芳香类以及烯丙基芥子油苷和4-甲氧基-吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷的含量均显著高于其他器官,叶片中吲哚类芥子油苷的含量最高,花球中总芥子油苷、烯丙基芥子油苷和吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷含量次之,茎中的总芥子油苷含量最低;叶片中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、维生素C和多酚含量及抗氧化能力显著高于其他器官。这些结果表明花椰菜的叶片和根系中生物活性物质含量丰富,具有进一步开发和综合利用潜力。  相似文献   

2.
The content and glucosinolate composition of young shoots and raw flower buds of Capparis spinosa var. spinosa and Capparis ovata Desf. var. canescens at three different sizes (x 13 mm) were investigated by HPLC with UV detection. Samples were harvested in August 2001 in Turkey. Twelve different glucosinolates were identified in the young shoots and buds of both species. Total content of glucosinolates ranged from 6.55 micromol/g (large buds of C. spinosa) to 45.56 micromol/g (young shoots of C. ovata). The main glucosinolate was glucocapperin, which amounted to approximately 90% of the total glucosinolates. In both species the total glucosinolate content varied in dependence on the bud size, whereas a greater variability was given for buds from C. spinosa.  相似文献   

3.
Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
Glucosinolates were evaluated in 5 groups and 65 accessions of Brassica oleracea (50 broccoli, 4 Brussels sprouts, 6 cabbage, 3 cauliflower, and 2 kale) grown under uniform cultural conditions. Glucosinolates and their concentrations varied among the different groups and within each group. The predominant glucosinolates in broccoli were 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin), and 3-indolylmethyl glucosinoate (glucobrassicin). Glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli ranged from 0.8 micromol g(-1) DW in EV6-1 to 21.7 micromol g(-1) DW in Brigadier. Concentrations of the other glucosinolates in broccoli varied similarly over a wide range. In Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, the predominant glucosinolates were sinigrin (8.9, 7.8, 9.3, and 10.4 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively) and glucobrassicin (3.2, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.2 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively). Brussels sprouts also had significant amounts of gluconapin (6.9 micromol g(-1) DW). Wide variations in glucosinolate content among genotypes suggest differences in their health-promoting properties and the opportunity for enhancement of their levels through genetic manipulation.  相似文献   

4.
为了探究内源激素在花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19育性调控中的作用,以花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19为材料,采用高效液相色谱法,对花椰菜温敏雄性不育系的不育株和可育株花蕾不同发育时期及叶片中赤霉素(GA)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)及玉米素核苷(ZR)的动态变化进行比较分析。结果表明,花椰菜温敏雄性不育系花蕾和叶片发育过程中,不育株和可育株内源激素GA、IAA、ABA和ZR的变化均存在明显差异。不育株花蕾中的GA和ABA含量总体呈上升趋势,GA含量在造孢时期、四分体时期及花粉成熟期的含量均显著高于可育株,分别为281.54、355.37和350.13μg·g~(-1),比可育株花蕾高45.1%、210.4%和54.5%,而ABA含量只在四分体时期和花粉成熟期显著高于可育株,分别为2.22μg·g~(-1)和2.88μg·g~(-1),比可育株花蕾高82%和35.2%;不育株花蕾中的IAA含量先降后升,在造孢时期和花粉成熟期显著高于可育株,分别为1.97μg·g~(-1)和2.55μg·g~(-1),比可育株花蕾高52.7%和82.1%,但不育株花蕾的ZR含量先升后降,在四分体和花粉成熟期显著高于可育株,分别为320μg·g~(-1)和170μg·g~(-1),比可育株花蕾高580.9%和243.9%。不育株的IAA/ABA呈"V"字型变化,在四分体时期比值最低,而GA/ABA和ZR/ABA呈倒"V"字型的变化,在四分体时期比值最高。叶片中ABA和ZR未检出,GA和IAA含量不育株显著高于可育株。说明内源激素含量升高和多种激素间的平衡关系被打破,比例失调,阻碍了小孢子的正常发育,导致花椰菜温敏雄性不育系GS-19花粉败育。本研究结果对揭示内源激素在雄性败育过程中可能存在的作用机制具有重要意义,为进一步揭示花椰菜温敏雄性不育的遗传机制积累了资料。  相似文献   

5.
Glucosinolates, a group of naturally occurring thioglucosides, are significant factors impairing the nutritional quality of rapeseed and postextraction rapeseed meal, restricting its use as high-quality protein animal feed. Currently, the European Community standards and Canola definition are being brought in line recommending cultivation and marketing of rapeseed with a glucosinolate content below 18 micromol of total glucosinolates per gram of seeds. Furthermore, some glucosinolates are of increasing interest in Brassica vegetables due to their proven cancer-preventing activities. A novel approach to the analysis of total glucosinolates is reported in this paper based on their alkaline degradation and subsequent reaction of released 1-thioglucose with ferricyanide. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically using sinigrin and glucotropeaolin as model glucosinolates. The applicability of the method was demonstrated using rapeseed extracts after reducing the interfering effect of phenolics by their adsorption onto polyvinylpolypyrrolidone. Good agreement with official ISO methods was shown.  相似文献   

6.
The research focused on the glucosinolate (GLS) breakdown products formed during the fermentation of cabbage. A relationship between the contents of degradation products in fermented cabbage and native GLS in raw cabbage was investigated. The effect of fermented cabbage storage on the contents of individual compounds was also assayed. Ascorbigen formed from one of the degradation products of glucobrassicin (indole GLS) was found to be a dominating compound in fermented cabbage. Irrespective of the time of fermented cabbage storage, the content of ascorbigen reached approximately 14 micromol/100 g. Neither the content of isothiocyanates, the major degradation products of aliphatic GLS, nor that of cyanides exceeded 2.5 microM. Storage of cabbage caused periodical increases and decreases in the contents of cyanides and consequent declines in the contents of isothiocyanates. The highest relative contents (expressed as a percentage of the native GLS content) of degradation products--ranging from >70 to 96%--were reported for the products of glucoraphanin degradation, whereas the lowest-- <5% --were reported for the products of sinigrin degradation.  相似文献   

7.
Cabbage, Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. Lennox and Rinda), and oilseed rape, Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. Valo and Tuli), plants were grown under ambient CO(2) (360 ppm) or elevated CO(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees C and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. Afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and the generalist Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on those plants was studied. The mean relative growth rate (RGR) of P. xylostella larvae, feeding on both cultivars of oilseed rape or on the Lennox cultivar of cabbage leaves grown at an elevated CO(2) concentration, was significantly reduced as compared to ambient CO(2). A negative larval growth rate at elevated CO(2) was observed for P. xylostella on both oilseed rape cultivars, but the growth rate was reduced but positive on cabbage. Conversely, the RGR of S. littoralis on either plant species was not affected by CO(2) treatment but was lower on cabbage cv. Rinda than on cv. Lennox. The mortality of the larvae was not affected by CO(2) treatment either. At the same time, elevated CO(2) significantly decreased the concentrations of leaf phytochemical constituents in oilseed rape, i.e., total phenolics and total nitrogen, but not in cabbage. The effect of elevated CO(2) on the leaf glucosinolate concentrations of both plant species was marginal. In addition, the observed significant changes in individual glucosinolate concentrations of oilseed rape leaves were not consistent among cultivars. However, our results demonstrate for the first time quite strong effects of CO(2) enrichment on the larval performance of P. xylostella, which is an important pest of Brassica plants around the world. Further studies are still required to increase our understanding of why elevated CO(2) differently affects the performance of specialist and generalist insect herbivores on Brassica plants.  相似文献   

8.
The potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for screening the sinigrin, gluconapin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, and total glucosinolate contents of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss.) seed was assessed. Intact seed samples of this species were analyzed by NIRS and their reference values regressed against different spectral transformations by modified partial least-squares (MPLS) regression. The coefficients of determination (r (2)) for sinigrin, gluconapin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, and total glucosinolate contents were, respectively, 0.86, 0.95, 0.33, and 0.82. The standard deviation to standard error of prediction (SEP) ratio, and SEP to standard error of laboratory ratio were for these constituents as follows: sinigrin, 2.59 and 2.70; gluconapin, 4.16 and 2.08; 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, 1.18 and 1.40; and total glucosinolates, 2.18 and 1.60. By comparison of commercial sinigrin spectrum with the first MPLS loadings of the sinigrin equation, it can be concluded that the molecule of sinigrin has a specific signal in the seed spectrum of Brassica.  相似文献   

9.
Fully developed horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey., & Scherb.) roots from 27 accessions and leaves from a subset of 9 accessions were evaluated for glucosinolates and myrosinase enzyme activity. Eight different glucosinolates were detected (based on HPLC retention times as desulfoglucosinolates) in both root and leaf tissues. The sum of these glucosinolates, referred to as total, ranged from 2 to 296 micromol g(-1) of dry weight (DW) in both tissues. Four glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin) were detected in major quantities. In fully developed roots, sinigrin concentration represented approximately 83%, gluconasturtiin approximately 11%, and glucobrassicin approximately 1% of the total glucosinolates. Approximately the same proportions of individual glucosinolates appeared in fully developed leaves, except that glucobrassicin was substituted by neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin concentration was significantly lower (<1%). At least four other glucosinolates were detected in very small quantities (<1%) in both roots and leaves. Myrosinase (beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.3.1) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the parent glucosinolates into biologically active products. Very little is known about myrosinase activity and the correlation of its activity to total and individual glucosinolates in plant tissues. Significant differences in myrosinase activity were detected between the roots and leaves, ranging from 1.2 to 57.1 units g(-1) of DW. Data showed no correlation between myrosinase activity and total and/or individual glucosinolates in the roots. However, in the leaves, significant correlations were found between myrosinase activity and total glucosinolates (0.78 at P = 0.01) and between myrosinase activity and sinigrin (0.80 at P = 0.01). Glucosinolates content and myrosinase activity were also correlated in young and fully developed roots and leaves and during tissue crushing. Glucobrassicin concentration in the roots and neoglucobrassicin concentration in the leaves were significantly higher in young than in fully developed tissue. Crushing of the tissue resulted in rapid hydrolysis of sinigrin and glucobrassicin, as expected, from the presence of myrosinase. Likewise, myrosinase activity declined rapidly after crushing, perhaps due to inactivation by the reaction products and/or the depletion of its substrates.  相似文献   

10.
Potassium (K) is fundamental for plant growth and development but despite the increased quantities of fertilizers applied, incidents of K deficiency are commonly observed. The objective of this study was to record the effects of K deficiency during cotton’s (Gossypium hirsutum L.) early reproductive stage on carbohydrate content and metabolism, total antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage of cotton flower buds as well as the physiology of the leaf, subtending to the flower buds. Growth chamber experiments were conducted using cotton cultivar DP0912 and treatments consisted of normal K and deficient K fertilization for the duration of the experiment. Potassium deficiency resulted in significant oxidative damage in the cotton flower buds, despite the substantial increase in their total antioxidant capacity. Sucrose metabolism of the flower buds was markedly affected resulting in significant reductions in all non-structural carbohydrate concentrations. Furthermore, K deficiency disturbed leaf physiology leading to increased membrane damage, decreases in chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ultimately leaf photosynthetic rates. Concomitant increases in specific leaf weight under K deficient conditions indicated reductions in photoassimilate translocation, which in conjunction with the disruptions observed in flower bud sucrose metabolism, due to the insufficient antioxidant response, resulted in significant decreases in flower bud retention.  相似文献   

11.
以中甘21(ZG21)、06-115两个甘蓝品种为试验材料,研究叶面喷施6种氨基酸对甘蓝硫代葡萄糖苷组分及其含量的影响。结果表明,不同种类氨基酸处理甘蓝硫代葡萄糖苷组分相同,均含有9种硫苷。氨基酸对甘蓝硫苷含量有一定的影响,半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸显著提高06-115硫苷的总含量、脂肪族硫苷的含量和4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷含量,其中半胱氨酸处理含量最高,与对照相比分别提高63.0％、69.6％和69.1％;半胱氨酸处理提高了3-吲哚基甲基硫苷含量,达到725.6 μmol/kg, FW;半胱氨酸处理也显著提高了中甘21硫苷的总含量、脂肪族硫苷的含量、吲哚族硫苷含量和4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷含量,与对照相比分别提高了27.2％、39.6％、15.3％和26.2％。半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸和谷氨酸处理都提高了3-吲哚基甲基硫苷的含量,其中半胱氨酸处理最高,达到292.7 μmol/kg, FW,其次是谷氨酸和甘氨酸处理。  相似文献   

12.
《核农学报》2009,23(6):911-916
为明确叶色标记水稻在生产中可能引起的虫害发生的变化,本试验在使用和不使用农药防治的情况下,以常规品种嘉禾218为对照,对龙特甫B及其2个叶色突变系黄玉B、翠玉B田间虫害情况进行了调查。龙特甫B为正常绿叶籼稻品种,黄玉B、翠玉B全生育期分别表现黄色和翠绿色,在苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期,黄玉B较龙特甫B的叶绿素含量分别下降58.0%, 48.4%和40.8%,翠玉B则分别下降39.5%,36.0%和29.5%。结果表明,秧田期2个叶色突变体上的稻蓟马虫量显著高于其亲本龙特甫B;本田中灰飞虱和褐飞虱的虫口数在不同材料间或差异不显著,或存在显著差异,但没有一定的规律性。但是,2个突变体受稻纵卷叶螟的危害显著轻于龙特甫B,表现为盛发期突变体受稻纵卷叶螟危害产生的虫苞数显著少于龙特甫B,而龙特甫B与嘉禾218之间没有显著差异;相反,2个突变体植株上白背飞虱的虫量显著大于龙特甫B,龙特甫B也显著大于嘉禾218。根据植株的农艺性状和叶绿素含量,以及虫害发生动态变化,笔者推测,造成叶色标记水稻稻纵卷叶螟危害变轻的原因可能与植株叶绿素含量下降,影响幼虫生长发育有关,但引起白背飞虱虫口增加的原因尚需进一步研究。本试验为首次对叶色标记水稻虫害发生情况进行研究,所得结果不但对完善叶色标记水稻生产体系具有指导意义,同时对研究害虫与水稻叶色之间的关系也具有理论价值。  相似文献   

13.
小孢子培养获得松花型花椰菜DH再生植株   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
对5个松花型花椰菜(Brassica oleraceavar.botrytisL.)杂种一代的小孢子培养研究表明,小孢子胎胚发生主要依赖于基因型,庆农65天的每花蕾胚状体产量最高,平均达15.5个。松花菜的胚状体萌发率一般在30%左右,并有效地获得了大量的DH再生植株。冷激预处理能显著地影响花椰菜小孢子的胚胎发生,但供体材料间存在不同的结果。结球期和开花结角期再生植株的生育期与育性出现较大分离,可育且能正常结角的比例约占全部小孢子再生植株的50%以上,因而不再需要加倍处理。  相似文献   

14.
Growth and biochemical parameters of leaves, flower buds and flowers of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) treated by foliar biofertilization (T0: untreated trees; T1: rich in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K); T2: rich in calcium (Ca); T3: application of T1 and T2) were analyzed during the flowering stage. The results showed that T1 resulted in higher contents of leaf N, K, and Na. T1 and T3 resulted in an increase of pigment concentration in leaves. All foliar treatments affected negatively the contents of total polyphenols and orthodiphenols in leaves and flower buds. Lower amounts of individual phenolic compounds were detected in the leaves under all foliar bio-fertilizations and in flower buds of olive trees sprayed with T2 and T3. This decrease is explained by the lower enzymatic activity of l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. In flowers, T1 exhibits the highest levels of total polyphenols, o-diphenols, and individual phenolic compounds compared to T0.  相似文献   

15.
Neonicotinoids are crop protection agents used against sucking pests acting on receptor proteins of insect nervous system. Although many reports detail their insecticidal properties, reports on the effect on plant growth are minimal. We investigated the effect of neonicotinoids viz. imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid and thiacloprid on plant height, chlorophyll, and soluble protein of cotton and okra. Thiamethoxam was found to exert an influence on the plant height of cotton and okra. There was no marked influences of neonicotinoids on the total chlorophyll content of cotton leaves, whereas acetamiprid recorded a gradual increase in the total chlorophyll content of okra leaves at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment. All the neonicotinoid insecticides under study showed an increase in the soluble protein content of cotton and okra. An increase in soluble protein content is reported to increase the ability of plants to fix carbon dioxide (CO2) effectively and thus increase photosynthesis.  相似文献   

16.
It is well-known that a variety of factors (genetic and environmental) affect the ultimate metabolite levels in brassica vegetables, although there is still little information about the role that genetics and environment play on glucosinolates and phenolic levels. Total glucosinolates were more abundant in turnip tops (26.02 μmol g(-1) dw) than in turnip greens (17.78 μmol g(-1) dw). On the other hand, total phenolic content was found in higher quantities in turnip greens (43.81 μmol g(-1) dw) than in turnip tops (37.53 μmol g(-1) dw). Aliphatic glucosinolates were clearly regulated by genotype; in contrast, the effects of environment and genotype×environment interaction on the indolic glucosinolate and phenolic compounds content appeared to be the main effects of variation. Identification of genotypes with enhanced and stable levels of these compounds would provide a value-added opportunity for marketing this crop with superior health promotion to consumers.  相似文献   

17.
水稻叶色突变对虫害发生影响的研究初报   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为明确叶色标记水稻在生产中可能引起的虫害发生变化,本试验在使用和不使用农药防治的情况下,以常规品种嘉禾218为对照,对龙特甫B及其2个叶色突变系黄玉B、翠玉B田间虫害情况进行了调查.龙特甫B为正常绿叶籼稻品种,黄玉B、翠玉B全生育期分别表现黄色和翠绿色,在苗期、分蘖期和抽穗期,黄玉B较龙特甫B的叶绿素含量分别下降58.O%,48.4%和40.8%,翠玉B则分别下降39.5%,36.0%和29.5%.结果表明,秧田期2个叶色突变体上的稻蓟马虫量显著高于其亲本龙特甫B;本田期灰飞虱和褐飞虱的虫口数在不同材料间或差异不显著,或存在显著差异,但没有一定的规律性.但是,2个突变体受稻纵卷叶螟的危害显著轻于龙特甫B,表现为盛发期突变体受稻纵卷叶螟危害产生的虫苞数显著少于龙特甫B,而龙特甫B与嘉禾218之间没有显著差异;相反,2个突变体植株上白背飞虱的虫量显著大于龙特甫B,龙特甫B也显著大于嘉禾218.根据植株的农艺性状和叶绿素含量,以及虫害发生动态变化,笔者推测,造成叶色标记水稻稻纵卷叶螟危害变轻的原因可能与植株叶绿素含量下降,影响幼虫生长发育有关,但引起白背飞虱虫口增加的原因尚需进一步研究.本试验为首次对叶色标记水稻虫害发生情况进行研究,所得结果不但对完善叶色标记水稻生产体系具有指导意义,同时对研究害虫与水稻叶色之间的关系也具有理论价值.  相似文献   

18.
A reversed-phase HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of the glucosinolate sinigrin and its major degradation product allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) was developed and used for direct analysis of aqueous extracts from Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L.) related materials (ground and cracked seeds, powders, and bran) and from soil samples. The lowest detection limit was 0.1 microg/mL for both sinigrin and AITC). The developed method was used to trace the degradation of sinigrin to AITC in aqueous extracts. One of the major advantages of this method is the complete estimation of sinigrin content. The simultaneous analysis of both sinigrin and AITC in a single run avoided the underestimation caused by separate analyses.  相似文献   

19.
The cold tolerance of flower buds of apple Malus domestica Borkh. ('Mclntosh'/M.7) declined during spring growth. The absence of fruit in the previous year increased the ability of the buds to withstand lower temperatures. All flower buds retained the capacity to tolerate freezing injury until first pink stage. The median lethal temperature (MLT) of the flower buds increased relatively throughout the sampling period. The flower buds of cropped trees were more susceptible to low temperature injury during spring at all stages of development. The flower buds of non‐cropped trees contained higher levels of hydrophilic and acidic amino acids from October until April, which may be related to their greater cold tolerance. A new nitrogen:protein conversion factor (5.51) was calculated based on total amino acid analysis which could be substituted for 6.25 as a means of estimating total protein content of apple flower bud tissue using the Kjeldahl method.  相似文献   

20.
The influence of cadmium on growth, cadmium accumulation, composition, and content of glucosinolates was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana after 4 weeks of growth in hydroponics. Accumulation of 3,820 and 321 μg Cd g?1 dry weight in the roots and leaves of A. thaliana, respectively, exposed to 50 μM Cd. Cadmium treatment significantly decreased the total concentration of glucosinolates both in the leaves and roots. Cd-induced alteration of total glucosinolate content in the roots was mainly due to the decrease of indolyl-glucosinolates. In the Cd treatment leaves, significant decreases were, respectively, detected for glucoibervirin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin (P?<?0.01), while other glucosinolate levels did not decrease significantly. In response to cadmium, the three indolyl-glucosinolates all showed significant decreases in the roots. The distinctive influence of cadmium on glucosinolate profiles in Cd-sensitive A. thaliana may be of great ecological importance, decreasing the resistance to phytophage attack. Taken together, our data is discussed in relation to jasmonic acid and salicylic acid as possible molecules that modulate the alteration of glucosinolate profiles in response to cadmium. The similar effects of Cd treatment on the levels of individual glucosinolates in leaves and roots were observed at higher-concentration cadmium treatment (100 μM Cd).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号