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1.
温度和光照对苦参种子萌发的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验研究了光照和温度对苦参种子萌发的影响.种子发芽试验的发芽温度分别为10、15、18、20、25、30、35℃;光照条件分别为黑暗和自然光两种条件.完全随机设计.结果表明,10℃低温下种子吸胀和发芽缓慢,随着温度的升高,其吸胀率、发芽率、发芽指数随之增高,当温度达到35 ℃时,种子霉烂率最高,但发芽率降低,其中20、25、30℃条件下,种子吸胀速度较快,发芽时间短,发芽率、发芽指数高,与其它温度相比较均达到了显著差异,苦参种子萌发的最低温度为15℃,最适温度为20-30℃,最高温度为35℃.苦参种子在黑暗和光照条件下都能萌发,但黑暗条件下其发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数较高. 相似文献
2.
东方野豌豆种子休眠及萌发特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对东方野豌豆种子的休眠特性、破除种子休眠方法及种子萌发适宜条件进行了试验研究,结果表明:东方野豌豆种子具有硬实休眠特性,自然成熟种子硬实率为65.75％.采用砂纸打磨和98％浓硫酸浸种均可有效破除种子硬实休眠.98％浓硫酸浸种10～18 min破除东方野豌豆种子休眠效果最好,并对幼苗正常生长无影响.东方野豌豆种子适宜萌发温度范围为10～30℃,最适发芽温度为25℃恒温,最高发芽温度为30℃恒温,最低发芽温度为10℃恒温,最适发芽床为纸上发芽.置床第3天作为种子发芽的首次计数时间,第15天为末次计数时间. 相似文献
3.
藏药铁棒锤种子发芽特性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
研究了铁棒锤（Aconitum pendulum Busch）种子在光照和黑暗条件下不同温度（10、15、20、25、30℃和23／28℃变温）处理对发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响。结果表明,铁棒锤种子千粒重为1．66g;最大吸胀率为125．0％,达到饱和吸胀需20h;黑暗环境下15℃有利于种子发芽,发芽率达30．3％,16天内平均发芽指数这1．54,但萌发后光照有利于形成健壮的幼苗。上述结果说明,土壤温度稳定通过15℃是铁棒锤的最佳播期,播种后应采用一定的覆盖遮荫措施,出苗后及时解除遮荫以促进根系发育。 相似文献
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为揭示土壤种子库种子萌发对外界环境变化的响应策略,设计储藏方式和温度对古尔班通古特沙漠3种十字花科植物菥蓂、庭荠和条叶庭荠种子萌发影响.2个萌发温度(5℃/15℃、15℃/25℃)下,以室温干藏种子为对照,设置5种储藏处理(干种子:冬季室外干藏、冬季室外沙埋;吸胀种子:4℃、-10℃、冬季室外沙埋)及添加外源GA3的萌发实验.结果表明,1)5℃/15℃萌发条件下,与对照相比,各储藏处理都显著延长了菥蓂和庭荠初始萌发时间,冬季室外沙埋干藏处理显著降低了庭荠种子萌发率.15℃/25℃萌发条件下,4℃、湿藏处理显著延长了3种种子初始萌发时间,同时显著抑制条叶庭荠种子萌发;各储藏处理下菥蓂种子初始萌发时间显著缩短,对萌发率无影响.2)添加GA3可使各储藏处理下种子萌发进程由停滞状态转变为持续萌发.3)各储藏处理和对照中菥蓂和庭荠种子的潜在萌发率均超过50％,5℃/15℃温度下大量条叶庭荠种子腐烂或失去活力导致潜在萌发率低于20％;添加GA3对3种种子潜在萌发率贡献不同. 相似文献
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远志种子发芽检验标准化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过标准发芽试验探讨温度、光照及发芽床等因素对远志种子萌发的影响,设20、25、30、35、40℃恒温及20／25℃、25／30℃变温共7个温度处理,设纸上（TP）、纸间（BP）、砂上（TS）和砂间（S）共4种发芽床处理,光照时间设0、12、24h共3个处理。试验确立了远志种子发芽的标准条件：发芽温度以30℃最佳;纸上与纸间都适合远志种子的萌发,以纸间为最佳发芽床;光照对远志种子的萌发影响不显著。根据种子萌发特性,确定了发芽势和发芽率的统计时间,5d为初次计数时间,13d为末次计数时间。 相似文献
9.
吸胀温度显著地影响甜菜种子的萌发速率。吸胀温度为３０℃和２０℃时,５０％萌发所需要的时间分别为３６ｈ和５６ｈ;在７℃中吸胀１２０ｈ,仍未见萌发。在种子吸胀过程中,粗线粒体蛋白的含量,细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的活性增加,且它们在３０℃和２０℃中的活性较高,在７℃下较低。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献