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1.
水杨酸对镉胁迫下花椰菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了镉胁迫下外施水杨酸(SA)对花椰菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,低浓度(0.01～0.10mmol/L)的Cd2+对花椰菜种子萌发的影响并不显著,但随浓度的增加,发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、根长、活力指数和叶绿素含量均显著降低,丙二醛和脯氨酸含量上升,POD、CAT、APX活性增加.SA处理能有效缓解高浓度镉引起的细胞伤害和氧化胁迫,促进种子萌发和幼苗生长. 相似文献
2.
研究了铅胁迫对薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。采用不同浓度的硝酸铅处理薏苡种子和幼苗,记录薏苡种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,并在幼苗生长期检测叶片相关生理指标。结果表明,铅胁迫抑制幼苗生长和活力指数,中高浓度(30~60 mg·L-1)硝酸铅能够明显抑制种子萌发。铅胁迫下抑制幼苗叶片中叶绿素和类胡萝卜素合成,其中类胡萝卜素对铅胁迫更加敏感。随着硝酸铅浓度的升高,幼苗叶片中MDA、相对电导率和脯氨酸含量呈明显上升趋势;中低浓度(15 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1)硝酸铅对SOD酶活性具有微弱促进作用,40 mg·L-1和60 mg·L-1硝酸铅对SOD酶活性具有明显抑制作用。研究表明,铅胁迫抑制薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生长,薏苡幼苗通过多种生理途径抵御铅胁迫。 相似文献
3.
镉对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了防止重金属毒害的发生和在环境监测中对重金属的评价,以小麦为试验对象,采用室内培养方法,研究了不同浓度镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长、丙二醛及抗氧化酶系统的影响,结果表明,较低浓度镉胁迫对种子发芽率、发芽势、芽生长的抑制效应较小.随着镉胁迫浓度的提高,发芽指数、活力指数及根生长明显受抑制,且镉胁迫浓度越大,抑制作用越大.随着镉浓度的增加,幼苗根、芽中的MDA含量、G-POD明显增加,SOD活性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其中根的SOD活性在1 000 μmol/L Cd胁迫下略低于对照,而CAT、APX活性总体呈下降趋势,且浓度越高下降幅度越大,表明遭受了氧化胁迫和膜脂过氧化损伤,这可能是镉胁迫下小麦幼苗根生长受阻的重要原因. 相似文献
4.
用不同浓度的ZnCl2对盐胁迫下成县迟蒜鳞茎种子进行处理,对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发、幼苗生长和幼苗中渗透调节物质的含量及4种抗氧化酶活性进行了测定.结果表明,在单一NaCl胁迫下,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗的生长受到严重抑制,添加不同浓度ZnCl2后,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率和幼苗的耐盐性明显增强.添加浓度为10-5 mol/L时,大蒜鳞茎种子萌发率、萌发指数和芽长、根长、发根数以及幼苗鲜重、苗干重、根鲜重、根干重和根体积、抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性达到最大,可溶性糖、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量降到最低.因此,外源ZnCl2缓解NaCl胁迫对大蒜鳞茎种子萌发和幼苗伤害的最适浓度为10-5 mol/L. 相似文献
5.
6.
镉胁迫对小麦、玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨重金属镉对不同作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,于2018年3-5月,以小麦矮抗58和玉米提纯958为研究对象,利用光照培养箱进行培养,研究不同浓度镉胁迫下小麦、玉米种子的萌发及幼苗生长特征。结果表明:随镉胁迫浓度的增加,小麦种子的发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均表现为先增加后降低,且在镉胁迫浓度为20 mg·L^-1和50 mg·L^-1时,发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数为最大;随镉胁迫浓度的增加,玉米种子发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均表现出下降趋势,但各处理间均无显著差异(p>0.05)。小麦种子活力指数随镉胁迫浓度的增加逐渐降低,且在镉浓度为150 mg·L^-1和200 mg·L^-1时表现最为显著(p<0.05);玉米活力指数则随镉胁迫浓度的增加显著降低(p<0.05)。镉胁迫对小麦、玉米根长的抑制率均高于对芽长的抑制率,且不同浓度镉胁迫对小麦幼苗根长和苗长的抑制率低于玉米幼苗,当镉胁迫浓度高于100 mg·L^-1时,玉米幼苗的根长抑制率为100%。研究表明,小麦种子萌发对镉胁迫的响应为"低促高抑",而镉胁迫对玉米种子的萌发影响不显著;小麦、玉米幼苗生长均受镉胁迫的显著抑制,且玉米幼苗受镉胁迫的抑制作用较强。 相似文献
7.
8.
为探究外源苯甲酸胁迫对紫苏种子萌发、幼苗生长及叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响,添加苯甲酸对紫苏种子进行培养皿滤纸培养和室内盆栽实验,设置0、1、1.5、2、2.5、3 mmol/L 6个梯度处理,研究不同浓度苯甲酸胁迫对紫苏种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、紫苏幼苗生长以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着苯甲酸浓度的增加,紫苏种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数总体表现为低浓度促进、高浓度抑制;紫苏幼苗的根重、胚根长、胚轴长和株鲜重均呈显著下降趋势,幼苗叶片过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先升高后下降趋势,在1.5 mmol/L达到最大。外源添加苯甲酸对紫苏种子萌发与苯甲酸浓度有关（低浓度促进高浓度抑制）,对紫苏幼苗的生长具有抑制作用,证实了苯甲酸对紫苏的生长存在自毒作用。 相似文献
9.
采用室内水培方法研究不同浓度重金属铬对玉米和黄瓜籽粒萌发、幼苗生长及叶片叶绿素含量的影响,并比较了玉米和黄瓜对铬耐受性的差异.结果表明:玉米和黄瓜发芽势、发芽率、胁迫率、活力指数和幼苗的芽长、根长、芽重、根重、叶绿素含量在低铬浓度(0.5、1、5 m/L)下呈上升趋势,当铬浓度达到10mg/L时,玉米和黄瓜种子发芽率下降,幼苗生长受到抑制,且对根的抑制作用比芽明显.玉米在铬浓度为5 mg/L时毒害已发生,活力指数下降较缓慢;而黄瓜在铬浓度为10mg/L时才发生毒害,且活力指数下降较快,玉米较黄瓜表现出一定的耐受力.0.5 mg/L的铬浓度处理,玉米幼苗的早期生长最为明显,而促进黄瓜幼苗生长最为明显的铬浓度为1 mg/L.低浓度的铬使玉米和黄瓜的叶绿素a、b含量均呈上升趋势.当铬浓度达到20mg/L时,玉米和黄瓜的叶绿素含量开始下降直至减半,且叶绿素a比叶绿素b含量下降快. 相似文献
10.
探讨水果黄瓜幼苗对铅胁迫的响应机制,为揭示水果黄瓜抗铅性提供理论依据。在200 mg/L硝酸铅胁迫下,研究了不同浓度的(50,100,300,500μmol/L)外源一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)对水果黄瓜种子萌发以及幼苗可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及叶绿素相对含量的影响。结果表明,200 mg/L的硝酸铅对水果黄瓜种子的萌发起到显著的抑制作用,并使可溶性蛋白与丙二醛的含量升高,POD、CAT活性以及叶绿素相对含量显著降低;加入硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)对水果黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数有明显的促进作用,同时降低了丙二醛的含量,增加POD、CAT、SOD活性以及叶绿素相对含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。外源NO能显著促进Pb2+胁迫下水果黄瓜种子萌发,增强细胞的渗透调节能力,提高保护酶活性,明显缓解幼苗叶片受到的氧化损伤,其中以100μmol/L SNP处理的效果最好。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献