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1.
野生泸定百合种子休眠和萌发习性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
野生泸定百合属于百合科百合属多年生草本植物,其药用和园艺观赏价值极高,自然条件下泸定百合种子的萌发率极低,主要依靠幼芽鳞茎的形式来繁殖后代.为研究和确定云南野生泸定百合种子休眠和萌发的习性,本研究设置了不同光照、不同温度条件下种子的萌发试验,具体为在有光照(光照12 h/d)和无光照的黑暗条件下,分别设置了恒温20℃、30℃和20～30℃变温时种子的萌发试验;设置了5℃低温层积处理后种子的发芽试验,层积时间分别为7、14、21、28d和60 d;以及100mg/L赤霉素处理后,种子于光照和黑暗条件下的发芽试验.结果表明:恒温20℃和20～30℃变温的黑暗条件,适宜野生泸定百合种子的萌发,表现为萌发时间最短、发芽率达到了最高(45%);100 mg/L的GA3处理对种子的萌发有明显促进作用,可加快和缩短种子萌发时间,提高种子发芽率;而5℃的低温层积对野生泸定百合种子的萌发在萌发时间和发芽率方面没有明显促进作用. 相似文献
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海桐种子的休眠解除与萌发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观赏植物海桐(Pittosporum tobira(Thunb.)Ait.)种子的休眠和萌发特性已被进行了较充分的研究.TTC检测出新鲜海桐种子是高活力的(98%),但在5个恒温和1个变温(12 h/d的光周期)下,其萌发率仅为27%,这说明海桐种子处于休眠状态.经不同浓度(100mM和200 mM)的GA3溶液处理后,新鲜海桐种子的萌发率有所提高;在25/15℃与200 mM的处理下,其发芽率最高是41%,但仍不理想.当经过低温(5℃)处理一段时间(15、30、45、60、90d)后,海桐种子的萌发率显著提高,尤其是在25℃和25/15℃处理下,萌发率分别为87%和95%.此外,冷层积30 d和45 d的海桐种子经200 mM的GA3溶液处理后的萌发率分别达69%和94%,效果显著.可见,海桐种子的休眠是浅生理休眠,单一的GA3溶液处理不能有效地打破海桐种子的休眠,但冷层积90d或200mM GA3溶液处理冷层积45d的种子,可有效地解除其休眠;同时,温度对种子的萌发有较大影响,在适宜的萌发温度(25℃或25/15℃)与周期性(12h/d)光照下,种子的萌发率超过90%.由此推断,海桐种子在自然条件下难以萌发的原因与其生理休眠有关. 相似文献
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木荷种子休眠与萌发特性的研究 总被引：22，自引：4，他引：18
为了探讨和研究木荷(Schima superba Gardn et.Champ.)种子的休眠和萌发特性,使用生物鉴定(白菜籽发芽试验),赤霉素溶液浸种及低温层积等方法,寻找引起种子休眠的原因和解除休眠的措施.结果表明:木荷种子本身含有发芽抑制物质和缺乏发芽促进物质是引起其休眠的2个主要原因,通过冷水连续浸泡5d,或用质量浓度为30mg/100ml的赤霉素溶液浸种24h,或采用低温层积40d,都能有效地解除休眠,促进萌发,萌发率可由14%提高到40.0%～52.0%,其中以赤霉素浸种效果最好;低温层积后,适宜的萌发温度为25℃和30℃恒温. 相似文献
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八角莲种子在自然条件下具有休眠期长、萌发不良的生理特性,为了探讨和研究八角莲种子的休眠特性,采用种子吸水性检测、种子切割培养、GA3浸种法、河沙层积处理等方法研究其萌发特性。结果表明：八角莲种子种皮和胚乳制约、种子生理后熟是引起种子休眠的主要原因,用400mg.L-1的GA3溶液浸种24h或6-7℃低温层积均能在一定程度上解除休眠促进萌发,其中以6-7℃低温层积150d效果较好,发芽率和发芽势分别达到88.5%和30.4%。 相似文献
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以刺山柑种子为材料，研究干藏、埋藏和层积处理后不同温度、光照、赤霉素浓度对刺山柑种子萌发的影响，探讨刺山柑种子的休眠类型和萌发特性。结果表明，刺山柑种子存在非深度生理休眠，千粒重(3.931 6±0.096 2)g,种子活力为98%;最适萌发温度为15℃/2℃;埋藏和低温层积能解除种子休眠；赤霉素能显著提高种子的萌发率(p<0.05),光照不是种子萌发的必要条件；干藏对种子的萌发率无显著性影响(p<0.05)。 相似文献
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大果蔷薇种子的休眠与萌发初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
运用生物鉴定(白菜籽发芽实验),赤霉素溶液浸种和低温层积等方法,探讨大果蔷薇种子休眠的原因和解除休眠的措施.结果表明:大果蔷薇种子的种皮和种胚都含有发芽抑制物和缺乏促进发芽的物质,通过500mg/L赤霉素溶液浸种和5℃低温层积,可以有效地解除休眠,促进萌发,而运用赤霉素溶液浸种后结合低温层积处理效果最佳. 相似文献
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研究了不同温度、光照、GA3浓度和贮藏方式对药用唇柱苣苔种子萌发的影响.结果表明,药用唇柱苣苔新采收种子的发芽率极低,仅3.5％,具有显著的休眠现象.种子对温度和光照敏感,仅在有光照条件的15℃和20℃恒温下萌发.GA3处理能够显著促进药用唇柱苣苔种子萌发,当GA3浓度为2 mmol/L时,药用唇柱苣苔种子的发芽势和发芽率最高,分别为40.5％和64.0％.低温层积也有利于药用唇柱苣苔种子休眠的解除,但贮藏时间不宣超过120 d.研究结果可为药用唇柱苣苔的引种驯化和野生资源保护打下基础. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献