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1.
新型疫苗研究概况 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新型疫苗研究对于畜禽传染病的防控具有重要意义.传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,但大多数激发机体产生体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫.鉴于传统疫苗所存在的缺点,开发新型疫苗成为必然趋势.随着免疫学和分子生物学技术的快速发展,近年来出现了各种不同的新型疫苗,这类疫苗的出现弥补了传统疫苗的缺点,也填补了疫苗种类的空白.文章中重点论述了重组活载体疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、T细胞疫苗、食物疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA复制子疫苗、多肽疫苗和抗独特型抗体疫苗等8种新型疫苗的作用机制和研究概况,并对各新型疫苗的优缺点、存在的问题及应用前景等进行了论述. 相似文献
2.
The increasing international movement of horses combined with the relaxation of veterinary regulations has resulted in an increased incidence of equine infectious diseases. Vaccination, along with management measures, has become the primary method for the effective control of these diseases. Traditionally modified live and inactivated vaccines have been used and these vaccines have proven to be very successful in preventing disease. However, there are a number of equine infectious diseases for which conventional technology has shown its limitations. The advent of recombinant technology has stimulated the development of second generation vaccines, including gene deleted mutants, live vectored vaccines and DNA vaccines. These vaccines have in common that protective antigens are endogenously processed and presented along the molecules of the MHC I and MHC II complex, resulting in the stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses similar to natural infection. The present paper provides a review of the vaccines being employed today against the most important equine viral diseases followed by a summary of new developments that are expected to bring improved vaccines to the market in the foreseeable future. 相似文献
3.
Vaccination continues to be the main approach to protect animals from infectious diseases. Until recently, all licensed vaccines were developed using conventional technologies. Subunit vaccines are, however, gaining attention from researchers in the field of veterinary vaccinology, and among these, virus-like particles (VLPs) represent one of the most appealing approaches. VLPs are robust protein cages in the nanometer range that mimic the overall structure of the native virions but lack the viral genome. They are often antigenically indistinguishable from the virus from which they were derived and present important advantages in terms of safety. VLPs can stimulate strong humoral and cellular immune responses and have been shown to exhibit self-adjuvanting abilities. In addition to their suitability as a vaccine for the homologous virus from which they are derived, VLPs can also be used as vectors for the multimeric presentation of foreign antigens. VLPs have therefore shown dramatic effectiveness as candidate vaccines. Here, we review the current status of VLPs as a vaccine technology in the veterinary field, and discuss the potential advantages and challenges of this technology. 相似文献
4.
DNA vaccination represents one of the most recent novel approaches to vaccine development. Experimentally, DNA vaccines induce a broad range of long lasting immune responses including humoral and cell-mediated immunity against infectious diseases in humans and animals. Furthermore, DNA vaccines are potentially useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or cancer. However, most information on the efficacy of DNA vaccines has been generated in mice and studies in larger animals are limited. In this review, the potential application of DNA vaccines in livestock and pet animals are discussed. The principle of this new technology, its potency and future perspectives for use in veterinary medicine will be outlined. 相似文献
5.
Chalmers WS 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,117(1):25-31
Molecular technology has given us a greater insight into the aetiology of disease, the functioning of the immune system and the mode of action of veterinary pathogens. The knowledge gained has been used to develop new vaccines with specific, reactive antigens which elicit protective immune mediated responses (humoral and/or cell mediated) in the host. These vaccines should not burden the immune system by initiating responses against non-essential antigens. However, the efficacy of these vaccines is only as good as the delivery technology or route used to present them to the immune system. Some vaccines, traditionally given by the parenteral route, are now given by the natural route; either orally or intranasally. Two major advantages, often interrelated, are the rapid onset of immunity and stimulation of the local, mucosal immunity. These new technologies are now making an impact on current vaccine development. The balance has to be found between what is technologically feasible and what will provide at least as good a protective immunity as current, conventional vaccines. As new and emerging diseases appear globally, new opportunities arise for molecular and conventional technologies to be applied to both the development and delivery of novel vaccines, as well as the improvement of vaccines in current use. 相似文献
6.
禽类DNA疫苗研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新型疫苗的研究对于禽类传染病的防制意义重大。传统疫苗是基于抗原刺激机体产生特异性抗体的原理,它们大多数激发机体的体液免疫,很难启动细胞免疫。脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)疫苗作为第3代疫苗,具备传统疫苗和其它基因工程苗不可比拟的优点,能够诱导全方位的免疫反应且使用更安全更方便,DNA疫苗是将外源基因与真核质粒重组后直接导入细胞内,使外源基因在宿主细胞内表达合成保护性抗原蛋白。这是模拟病毒自然感染提呈过程,既能产生细胞免疫,又能产生体液免疫。文章对DNA疫苗在禽类应用的可行性和应用研究新进展作了综述。 相似文献
7.
Liu JJ Cepica A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1990,31(3):181-189
Numerous conventional vaccines for animal use are currently available, and many of these vaccines have been instrumental in the control of infectious diseases of major economic importance. A vaccine has even been instrumental in global eradication of smallpox, an important human disease. However, many of the current vaccines are deficient in efficiency, potency, or safety. It has been recognized that the conventional methodologies are a limitation to further vaccine development. Introduction of monoclonal antibodies, recombinant DNA, and protein engineering techniques has facilitated a rather rapid increase in the knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms, as well as of protective antigens at the molecular level. This knowledge provides the basis for development of a new generation of vaccines. As a rule, these vaccines contain purified immunogens, or even isolated epitopes, identified and prepared by molecular biological techniques. The efforts to find better delivery systems and better adjuvants accompany the research on vaccines. 相似文献
8.
J L Bittle 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(6):1247-1257
New technology in recombinant DNA, gene sequencing, and peptide synthesis will make possible a new generation of vaccines. These new vaccines will be safer, more stable, and can be produced in a more predictable manner than the present vaccines. This should lead to a wider use of vaccines and a greater control of infectious diseases. 相似文献
9.
Vaccination is a most cost-effective way of controlling infectious diseases in fish. However, some vaccination techniques when applied to hatchery conditions are not as effective as we expect them to be. Modern molecular biology techniques offer a number of opportunities for improving existing bacterial or viral vaccines or creating new ones. One of the most promising trends in vaccinology is development of DNA vaccination. DNA vaccines are based on the gene encoding specific antigen, which is expressed in vaccinated organism and induces the host immune system. DNA vaccines, compared to conventional vaccines, have many advantages including ability to trigger wider immune response, bigger stability and possibility of large-scale production. To date, there are several reports indicating effectiveness of DNA vaccines used against fish pathogens. 相似文献
10.
新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
猪瘟是危害猪健康的重要传染病之一,具有急性、热性和高度接触性等特性,给世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。目前,传统疫苗接种仍是预防猪瘟的主要手段,虽然传统疫苗（如C株）在防控猪瘟方面发挥着巨大的作用,但也存在一些缺陷,如无法区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫动物,猪瘟免疫失败时有发生等。因此,研制新型猪瘟疫苗具有重要意义。随着分子生物学技术与重组DNA技术的不断发展及基因工程疫苗研究的不断深入,亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、活载体重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、全长感染性cDNA标记疫苗和合成肽疫苗6种新型猪瘟疫苗被相继开发。与传统疫苗相比,新型疫苗拥有廉价、安全、高效、易于运输与保存、能区分野毒感染和疫苗免疫等优点。作者对6种新型猪瘟疫苗的研究进展作一综述,以期为猪瘟的防控提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Present and future of veterinary viral vaccinology: a review 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
van Oirschot JT 《The Veterinary quarterly》2001,23(3):100-108
This review deals briefly with some key developments in veterinary vaccinology, lists the types of vaccines that are used for vaccinations commonly performed in food animals as well as in companion animals, and indicates that the practising veterinarian can select the best vaccine by comparing the results of efficacy studies. Diva (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals; also termed marker) vaccines and companion diagnostic tests have been developed that can be used for progammes aimed to control or eradicate virus infections. Vaccine-induced herd immunity, which can be measured relatively easily when diva vaccines are used, is a crucial issue in such programmes. Current vaccine research follows many routes towards novel vaccines, which can be divided into non-replicating ('killed') and replicating ('live') vaccines. Promising trends are the development of DNA vaccination, vector vaccines, and attenuation of DNA and RNA viruses by DNA technology. The lack of (in vitro) correlates of vaccine protection markedly hampers progress in vaccine research. Various characteristics of an 'ideal' vaccine are listed, such as multivalency and the induction of lifelong immunity after one non-invasive administration in animals with maternal immunity. Future research should be aimed at developing vaccines that approach the ideal as closely as possible and which are directed against diseases not yet controlled by vaccination and against newly emerging diseases. 相似文献
12.
Inoculation of plasmid DNA, encoding an immunogenic protein gene of an infectious agent, stands out as a novel approach for
developing new generation vaccines for prevention of infectious diseases of animals. The potential of DNA vaccines to act
in presence of maternal antibodies, its stability and cost effectiveness and the non-requirement of cold chain have heightened
the prospects. Even though great strides have been made in nucleic acid vaccination, still there are many areas that need
further research for its wholesome practical implementation. Major areas of concern are vaccine delivery, designing of suitable
vectors and cytotoxic T cell responses. Also, the induction of immune responses by DNA vaccines is inconclusive due to the
lack of knowledge regarding the concentration of the protein expressed in vivo. Alternative delivery systems having higher transfection efficiency and the use of cytokines, as immunomodulators, needs
to be further explored. Recently, efforts are being made to modulate and prolong the active life of dendritic cells, in order
to make antigen presentation a more efficacious one. For combating diseases like acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),
influenza, malaria and tuberculosis in humans; and foot and mouth disease, Aujesky’s disease, swine fever, rabies, canine
distemper and brucellosis in animals, DNA vaccine clinical trials are underway. This review highlights the salient features
of DNA vaccines, and measures to enhance their efficacy so as to devise an effective and novel vaccination strategy against
animal diseases. 相似文献
13.
14.
H L Bachrach 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1982,181(10):992-999
Recombinant DNA technology appears to be on the verge of producing safe and effective protein vaccines for animal and human diseases. The procedure is applicable to most viruses because their isolated surface proteins generally possess immunogenic activity. Strategies used for the preparation and cloning of the appropriate genes depend on the characteristics of the viral genomes: whether DNA or RNA; their size, strandedness, and segmentation; and whether messenger RNA are monocistronic or polycistronic. Cloned surface proteins of foot-and-mouth disease and hepatitis B viruses are being tested for possible use as practical vaccines. Two doses of the cloned foot-and-mouth disease viral protein have elicited large amounts of neutralizing antibody and have protected cattle and swine against challenge exposure with the virus. Surface proteins have also been cloned for the viruses of fowl plague, influenza, vesicular stomatitis, rabies, and herpes simplex. Cloning is in progress for surface proteins of viruses causing canine parvovirus gastroenteritis, human papillomas, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Rift Valley fever, and paramyxovirus diseases. In addition, advances in recombinant DNA and other facilitating technologies have rekindled interest in the chemical synthesis of polypeptide vaccines for viral diseases. The bioengineering of bacterial vaccines is also under way. Proteinaceous pili of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are being produced in E coli K-12 strains for use as vaccines against neonatal diarrheal diseases of livestock. 相似文献
15.
禽用核酸疫苗的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
核酸疫苗是近 2 0年来发展起来的一种新型疫苗 ,它应用现代生物工程技术和分子生物学技术 ,克服了传统疫苗所存在的一些问题 ,具有传统疫苗不可比拟的优点 ,成为国内外学者争相研究的热点之一 ,呈现出良好的发展势头和应用前景。在禽病学领域 ,禽流感、新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性法氏囊等疾病的核酸疫苗得到了较为深入的研究 ,为禽用核酸疫苗乃至其他领域的核酸疫苗的进一步研究提供了有益的参考 ,也将会为养禽业带来不可估量的经济效益。通过对禽用核酸疫苗研究概况的综述 ,不仅可以了解国内外研究动态 ,借鉴最新的研究方法和研究思路 ,也可以发现问题和提出问题 ,进而寻求新的研究方向 相似文献
16.
细胞的抗原表位研究方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多表位疫苗有望成为预防多种病原体感染的理想疫苗,因而被认为是将来疫苗的发展方向。抗原表位是研究抗原的免疫机制和表位疫苗的基础,近年来在表位研究方面取得了一些可喜的进展,特别是抗原表位的研究方法。B细胞表位的研究方法已经不局限于通过交叠合成多肽进行研究,又诞生了噬菌体随机肽库以及表位预测等方法;在T细胞抗原表位的研究方面也有了相应的预测方法,尤其是将ELISPOT试验、体外抗原提呈试验等应用于T细胞表位活性的鉴定,极大的促进了T细胞表位的研究进展。文章全面系统地对B细胞表位与T细胞表位的研究方法的进展进行了综述。旨在为表位和表位疫苗的研究提供先进的多种技术方法。 相似文献
17.
Recent developments in fish vaccinology 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
During the last 10 to 20 years vaccination has become established as an important method for prevention of infectious diseases in farmed fish, mainly salmonid species. So far, most commercial vaccines have been inactivated vaccines administered by injection or immersion. Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria such as Vibrio sp., Aeromonas sp., and Yersinia sp. have been effectively controlled by vaccination. With furunculosis, the success is attributed to the use of injectable vaccines containing adjuvants. Vaccines against virus infections, including infectious pancreatic necrosis, have also been used in commercial fish farming. Vaccines against several other bacterial and viral infections have been studied and found to be technically feasible. Pasteurellosis, streptococcosis (lactococcosis) and infections with iridoviruses are candidate diseases for control by immunoprophylaxis in the near future. The overall positive effect of vaccination in farmed fish is reduced mortality. However, for the future of the fish farming industry it is also important that vaccination contributes to a sustainable biological production with negligible consumption of antibiotics. A potential side-effect associated with injectable vaccines is local reactions in the peritoneal cavity. The paper presents recent developments in immunoprophylaxis of fish and some problems that should be addressed by the research community in the years to come. 相似文献
18.
mRNA技术是一种将人工合成的mRNA分子引入细胞内，并利用细胞自身的翻译机制将其翻译成蛋白质的技术。作为一种新兴的生物技术，mRNA技术已经在疫苗研究、基因治疗等多个领域取得了重要进展，并在新冠预防和传染病防治方面进行了临床应用，展现出了广阔的应用前景。通过对mRNA技术的发展历程，mRNA疫苗的设计、递送及特点，以及其在动物疫病研究的进展予以综述，分析其存在的问题，展望今后的发展方向，为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
19.
鸭疫里默氏菌病是严重危害鸭健康的细菌传染病之一,该病具有四季多发、传播途径广泛、其致病菌可在养殖场长期存在、经常继发或并发于其他疾病等特征。临床上,疫苗免疫是防控鸭疫里默氏菌病的重要方法。目前鸭疫里默氏菌疫苗主要有活疫苗、灭活疫苗、多价苗、联苗、菌体成分疫苗等,但都存在一定的缺陷和不足,因此研究更理想的疫苗是控制鸭疫里默氏菌病的重点。近年来,根据当地鸭疫里默氏菌血清型流行情况筛选当前流行血清型毒力较强的菌株研制灭活疫苗之外,还有通过基因工程技术构建原生质体结合的联苗和菌体成分疫苗。本文综述了鸭疫里默氏菌疫苗的研究、应用及应用效果和前景,同时讨论了各类型疫苗的优缺点,以期为以后鸭疫里默氏菌病疫苗的研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
牛传染性鼻气管炎(infectious bovine rhinotracheitis,IBR)是由牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus,IBRV)即牛疱疹病毒1型(BoHV-1)感染所引起的一种高度接触性传染病。该病给我国养牛业带来了巨大的经济损失。由于缺乏有效的治疗性药物,疫苗免疫仍然是防控该病的有效措施。当前,牛传染性鼻气管炎疫苗主要包括灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗2种常规疫苗和亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗、IBRV基因缺失疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗4种基因工程疫苗,各种疫苗各有优点。现对上述疫苗的最新研究进展进行综述,以期为IBRV疫苗的研究与开发提供参考。 相似文献