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稻瘟病是由稻瘟病菌引起的具有广泛性和毁灭性的水稻病害。目前通过抗病亲本杂交聚合培育持久广谱的稻瘟病抗性品种是水稻稻瘟病防治最经济环保的途径,而利用分子标记辅助选择技术对水稻育种亲本抗性基因分布的研究是分子辅助聚合育种的基础。本研究以36个育种亲本为实验材料,进行苗瘟和穗颈瘟鉴定,结合特异性分子标记Pid3、Pita、Pikm、Pib、Piz,研究这些育种亲本的稻瘟病抗性基因的分布情况。同时,对恢复系材料蜀恢498的抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pikm扩增测序并进行同源序列比对分析,初步在分子水平分析抗病基因与抗病表型的关系。 相似文献
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为明确Pi9和Pi-ta 2个稻瘟病抗性主效基因在黄淮稻区种植水稻品种中的分布状况,利用分子标记对60个水稻品种进行Pi9和Pi-ta抗稻瘟病基因的分子鉴定。结果表明,60个检测品种中31个含有Pi9抗性基因,9个含有Pi-ta抗性基因,郑稻18、豫农粳12号、豫稻16、泰香2号、武香粳14号和武运粳21号等6个品种携带2个抗病基因。黄淮稻区水稻育种Pi9基因利用广泛,Pi-ta基因利用较少,今后应加强Pi-ta及更多主效广谱抗稻瘟病基因的聚合利用。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2021,19(8):2638-2643
稻瘟病是水稻最严重的病害之一,利用抗病基因选育抗病品种可以安全有效地防治稻瘟病。分子标记辅助选择(marker-assisted selection, MAS)技术可实现快速精准地定向培育含抗稻瘟病基因的抗性品种,但针对不同遗传背景育种材料开发设计特异性的分子标记是MAS育种的重要基础。广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi2已被证明高抗多个国家和地区的稻瘟菌生理小种。本研究开发设计了1个新的广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi2的共显性特异分子标记Pi2CM1,可有效区分Pi2与其等位基因Pi9、Pigm,对22份核心育种材料表现出100%的多态性,为利用MAS技术定向培育含Pi2抗病新品种提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
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稻瘟病是我国水稻主产区的重要病害之一, 其主效抗性基因Pi-ta和Pi-b在我国很多稻区表现广谱持久的稻瘟病抗性, 被广泛应用于我国的水稻育种和生产。本研究选用稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-ta和Pi-b及其等位基因的功能标记, 在对22份分别已知抗病基因Pi-ta和Pi-b以及感病基因pi-ta与pi-b组成的水稻品种检测验证基础上, 建立了2套稻瘟病基因多重PCR体系: 体系I同时检测抗病基因Pi-ta与Pi-b, 体系II 同时检测感病基因pi-ta与pi-b, 并利用2套体系对336份高世代育种材料进行检测, 与单标记检测结果比较, 表现稳定可靠, 重复性好。本研究构建的抗稻瘟病基因分子标记多重PCR体系可用于水稻种质资源的快速评价和抗稻瘟病分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2017,(3)
为明确Pi9、Pita和Piz-t 3个抗稻瘟病主效基因在河南水稻新品系的分布状况。本研究对2015年河南省沿黄粳稻品种筛选试验的21份水稻新品系进行Pi9、Pita和Piz-t 3个抗稻瘟病基因的分子鉴定。结果表明,21个检测品系中有9个含有Pi9抗性等位基因,5个含有Pita抗性等位基因,11个含有Piz-t抗性等位基因;只有一个品系汴粳3号携带3个基因的抗性等位基因,菡科18、新丰1768、豫农粳13号、圣稻070、信粳1787、郑稻23和光灿8号7个材料携带两个基因的抗性等位基因。Pi9和Piz-t基因在河南水稻稻瘟病育种中利用较为广泛,Pita利用较少,今后河南水稻育种应加强广谱稻瘟病抗性基因的聚合育种和综合利用。 相似文献
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水稻稻瘟病抗性基因Pi-kh对不同地区的稻瘟病菌表现出较广谱的抗性,被广泛应用于水稻抗稻瘟病育种。为明确稻瘟病抗病基因Pi-kh在水稻新品系中的基因型及分布情况,以期为水稻新品种选育提供抗性亲本,利用稻瘟病抗病基因Pi-kh的功能标记对184份水稻新品系进行分子标记检测分析。结果表明,在184份材料中,含抗病基因Pi-kh的材料106份,其中86份为基因型纯合体,20份为基因型杂合体,二者所占比例为65.76%。这些材料为培育抗稻瘟病优良水稻品种提供了抗病基因。研究结果可为水稻抗稻瘟病的分子标记辅助育种提供帮助。 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2020,(15)
稻瘟病是导致粮食减产的重要病害之一。开发抗稻瘟病基因Pi1的分子标记并用于抗病分子育种是防治稻瘟病危害的有效途径。本研究根据Pi1与Piks、Pikh、Pikm、Pikp、Pik、Pi7基因序列之间的SNP开发了荧光分子标记MM-Pi1,并利用其对94份水稻亲本材料进行检测,结果发现‘安丰B’与‘96B’中含有Pi1基因,52份水稻亲本含有与Pi1间具1个碱基差异的等位基因,40份水稻亲本中该等位基因缺失。对其中的10份水稻亲本材料的等位基因进行测序分析,进一步验证了分子标记检测结果的准确性。稻瘟病抗性鉴定试验结果表明,包含Pi1基因的‘安丰B’与‘96B’均对稻瘟病有高抗性。因此,Pi1荧光分子标记为水稻抗稻瘟病分子育种提供了新的基因分型方法。 相似文献
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稻瘟病是对水稻生产威胁最大的真菌病害,选育抗病水稻品种是防控该病最经济有效的途径。研究表明,聚合多个抗病基因可提高品种的抗性、拓宽抗谱。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pib的‘辽粳9234’和携带抗稻瘟病基因Pita的‘铁粳7号’为亲本,利用常规育种技术与分子标记辅助育种技术相结合从后代中鉴定到聚合抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pib的后代。通过连续3年生产试验和米质分析,鉴定到1个同时具有抗稻瘟病基因Pita和Pib的稳定株系A-3,通过辽宁省水稻品种审定,命名为‘铁粳16’。人工接种结果表明‘铁粳16’较其亲本抗谱宽、抗性强。研究结果证实聚合Pita和Pib可提高水稻品种对稻瘟病的抗性,可为抗病基因聚合育种提供参考。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献