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1.
利用SSR标记划分糯玉米的杂种优势群 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
利用SSR标记研究了30份糯玉米(Zea mays ceratinaKulesh)自交系的遗传变异。用21对扩增带型稳定的引物,从供试材料中检测出101个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2~10个,平均4.81个,平均多态性信息量0.60。经遗传多样性和聚类分析把供试糯玉米自交系划分为6个类群。 相似文献
2.
利用SSR标记对126份玉米自交系种质类群划分的初探 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用SSR分子标记分析了126份玉米自交系的遗传多样性,初步进行了种质类群的划分.从230对SSR引物中筛选出70对扩增条带清晰稳定具有多态性的引物.结果表明,70对引物在供试材料中共检测出278个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出2～7个等位基因,平均4个.每对引物的多态性信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.444 ～0.835,平均0.682.126个自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.576～0.978.利用UPGMA聚类分析方法将126份供试自交系可以划分为A、B两大类群,共6个亚群. 相似文献
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4.
东北地区主要玉米自交系的SSR遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用70对扩增产物具有稳定多态性的SSR标记研究了66份玉米自交系的遗传多态性。70对引物在供试材料中共检测出273个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2~7个,平均3.9个,每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)变化于0.121~0.814之间,平均0.584。66份自交系之间的遗传相似系数变化范围0.70~0.93。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,66份供试自交系划分为5个类群,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致,东北地区生产上主要推广杂交种的亲本大多来自不同的类群。 相似文献
5.
利用RFLP和SSR标记划分玉米自交系杂种优势群的研究 总被引：79，自引：3，他引：79
利用RFLP和SSR标记对29个玉米自交系进行杂种优势群划分,筛选出56个多态性RFLP探针酶组合,66对多态性SSR引物,分别在供试材料中检测到187个和232个等位基因变异。两种方法比较表明,SSR标记的平均多态性信息量(PIC,0.54)高于RFLP(0.42);但对供试材料的遗传多样性评价基本一致,平均遗传相似系数(GS)分别为0.64和0.62。综 相似文献
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7.
黑龙江省部分审定玉米品种亲本自交系的遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黑龙江省气候条件特殊,血缘关系有些混杂,系谱关系已不太清楚,种质资源匮乏问题尤为突出。利用SSR分子标记技术,分析黑龙江省近年来审定玉米品种亲本自交系的遗传多样性,从79对SSR核心引物目录中,选出43对引物对18份玉米自交系和5个标准测验种进行遗传多样性研究,共检测到174个等位基因位点,每对引物检测到2～8个等位基因,平均每个位点的等位基因变异数4.35个,平均多态性信息量为0.586。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,23份自交系划分为4个类群。结果表明黑龙江省玉米生产上推广品种的亲本自交系仍然集中在兰卡斯特群和瑞德群两大杂种优势群。 相似文献
8.
82份玉米自交系遗传多样性分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对种质资源进行遗传关系的研究和遗传多样性评价是玉米育种研究的重要内容,采用形态标记和SSR分子标记2种方法对82份玉米自交系进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明：用15个表型性状计算它们的欧式遗传距离,其平均遗传距离为50.57,变异范围为9.05~146.23,说明供试自交系遗传多样性丰富,以遗传距离38.06为界,将供试自交系分为6类,其聚类结果与其系谱来源的吻合程度较差;利用筛选出来的63对扩增条带清晰、多态性明显的SSR引物,在供试自交系中共检测出等位基因变异601个,每对引物检测到4~24个等位基因,平均为9.5个,每个位点多态性信息量(PIC值)变幅为0.4546~0.9169,平均为0.7529,遗传相似系数为0.5441~0.9334,平均为0.6673,以遗传相似系数0.6735为界,将82份自交系分为七大类,属于五大常见类群的自交系占84.1%,其中Reid群占32．9%,PB群占23.2%,Lancaster群占13.4%,塘四平头群占7.3%,旅大红骨群占7.3%,其他2个类群分别占11．0%和4.9%,其聚类结果与其系谱来源的吻合程度较高。 相似文献
9.
利用SSR标记研究了硬粒型、马齿型玉米与爆裂玉米自交系的亲缘关系。用23对扩增带型稳定的SSR引物,从供试材料中检测出100个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～10个,平均4．35个。SSR引物的PIC介于0．4261～0．8877之间,平均多态性信息量为0．691。按UPGMA法对43份玉米自交系进行聚类分析。聚类分析表明,爆裂玉米、硬粒型玉米以及马齿型玉米自交系并不能严格地划分为3大类,但爆裂玉米与其余两类玉米自交系遗传距离均较大。此外,硬粒型玉米和爆裂玉米自交系间的平均遗传距离与马齿型玉米和爆裂玉米自交系间的平均遗传距离在0．01水平上差异极显著。在硬粒型玉米、马齿型玉米、爆裂玉米3类种质中,硬粒型玉米与爆裂玉米自交系亲缘关系较为接近。 相似文献
10.
《分子植物育种》2017,(12)
通过对572份玉米种质资源(包括266份地方品种和306份普通自交系)进行粗缩病抗性鉴定,筛选到高抗材料2份,抗性材料11份,中抗材料9份,占总鉴定材料的3.9%。利用40对SSR标记对这些抗病材料进行遗传多样性分析,将玉米材料进行杂种优势类群的划分与归类。所得数据表明:共检测出328个多态性片段,平均每对引物检测出的等位变异数为8.2个。多态性信息含量PIC值在0.344~0.807之间,平均值为0.660。品种间的遗传相似系数为0.509~0.949,平均值为0.689,利用UPGMA法作图,将供试材料聚为7类。表明这些抗粗缩病材料存在较高的遗传多样性,具有较高的利用潜力。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献