共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
针对喷雾高度影响大田对靶喷雾准确性问题,该研究设计了融合喷雾高度的大田蔬菜对靶喷雾系统,适用于株间距大、冠层尺寸小的作物。介绍了大田蔬菜对靶喷雾系统的结构组成及工作原理,根据对靶喷雾作业环节的滞后特性,建立对靶喷雾滞后模型,提出融合靶标位置、靶标大小、喷雾机作业速度和喷雾高度的对靶喷雾控制方法,基于C37控制器设计了稳压喷雾系统和对靶喷雾控制系统,并进行试验验证。不同喷雾高度对靶试验结果表明,在作业速度为0.52 m/s的情况下,融合喷雾高度的对靶喷雾平均绝对误差和均方根误差分别不高于3.63和4.26 cm,比未融合喷雾高度的平均绝对误差平均减小4.30 cm,均方根误差平均减小4.57 cm,有效喷施率不低于92.6%,验证了融合喷雾高度对靶喷雾的可行性。田间试验结果表明,随着作业速度的增加,对靶喷雾有效喷施率和平均有效覆盖率下降。在作业速度不大于0.49 m/s时,对靶喷雾有效喷施率为93.5%,平均有效覆盖率为80.2%。较于连续喷雾方式,对靶喷雾节药率可达33.8%,可满足大田株间距大、冠层尺寸小的作物对靶植保作业需求。 相似文献
2.
针对精准对靶喷药系统作业中由于不同数量喷头反复启闭造成管路压力波动严重的问题,该研究开展了对靶喷药系统回流比例对管路压力波动影响的研究。设计了对靶喷药压力波动试验平台,基于AMESim建立对靶喷药压力波动系统仿真模型。设置系统初始压力0.2～0.4 MPa,回流比例为0～0.9,分别关闭1/5～4/5的喷头数量进行了仿真试验。结果表明,关闭喷头的占比越大,管路压力波动越大,当系统初始压力0.2 MPa,回流比为0,关闭4/5数量的喷头,管路压力从0.2 MPa上升至5.15 MPa,波动率达2 400%;系统初始工作压力越大,关闭喷头数量对压力波动影响越大。设置回流管路可有效减小管路压力波动,且回流比越大效果越明显,当系统初始压力0.2 MPa时,回流比例为0.6时,部分喷头关闭的压力波动率最大为64.53%。兼顾泵的利用率,回流比例建议小于0.6。系统初始压力0.3 MPa时,回流比例建议小于0.7;系统初始压力0.4 MPa时,回流比例建议小于0.8。根据对靶喷药压力波动容忍度要求,系统初始压力0.2 MPa时,喷施靶标在作业行中的占比量最佳回流比例关系为：靶标占比1/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.5～0.6;靶标占比2/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.4～0.5;靶标占比3/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.2～0.3;靶标占比4/5的最佳回流比例区间为0～0.1。系统初始压力0.3 MPa时,喷施靶标在作业行中的占比与最佳回流比例区间关系为：靶标占比1/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.5～0.6;靶标占比2/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.5～0.6;靶标占比3/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.2～0.4;靶标占比4/5的最佳回流比例区间为0～0.1。初始压力为0.4 MPa时,靶标占比1/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.7～0.8;靶标占比2/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.6～0.7;靶标占比3/5的最佳回流比例区间为0.4～0.5;靶标占比4/5的最佳回流比例区间为0～0.3。研究结果可为农业植保作业对靶变量施药技术应用及工况参数的选择提供依据,为精准对靶施药装置的进一步优化提供支撑。 相似文献
3.
果园喷雾机器人靶标探测与追踪系统 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对风送喷雾装备不间断无差别喷施造成的过量用药和雾滴脱靶严重的问题,该研究设计一种果园喷雾机器人靶标探测与追踪系统,随果树对象位置变化实时调整喷雾角度实现精准对靶。该系统采用激光雷达扫描获取作业范围内果树的点云数据,确定靶标区域,然后通过点云分割、滤波等处理获得目标靶点,并根据目标靶点位置确定对应喷雾仰角;构建喷雾机构目标仰角与编码器脉冲数的数学模型,以及目标仰角与电动推杆行程的数学模型,设计喷雾机构仰角的测控方法。实际果树冠层靶点探测试验表明,随机选取的3棵果树目标靶点主要集中在距地2.0～3.5m范围内,系统可以依据冠层形状计算靶点并调节喷雾仰角,最小喷雾仰角为47.8°,最大喷雾仰角为51.4°,连续目标靶点之间喷雾仰角最大调节时间为0.06 s,可满足对靶的时效需求。该系统能够适应不同形态果树中下部对靶施药需求,为后续开展果园精准植保研究提供理论基础与技术参考。 相似文献
4.
摘要：为了减少农药的使用量,设计了一种新型杂草智能识别系统,并在不同的环境下进行了大量试验。该系统主要由智能识别控制器、喷头总成于安装支架组成,通过摄像头实时采集田间图像,采用基于颜色与位置特征的识别算法分析杂草分布情况,控制喷头快速开闭,实现精准对靶喷药。试验证明,该系统对不同环境均具有较好地适应性,能够快速、准确、可靠的定位杂草。在普通环境下系统识别准确率为97.0%;在强光照环境下系统识别准确率为92.5%;在阴影环境下系统识别准确率为89.2%,单帧图像平均耗时160 ms。该研究可为田间精确喷施除草装置的研发提供参考。 相似文献
5.
立体苗盘管理机器人的机械臂参数优化与试验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为使立体苗盘管理机器人的机械臂能够在植物工厂狭窄的作业环境下,灵活、高效地完成目标工作空间的所有搬运和喷洒动作任务需求,同时尽量减小机械臂的操纵空间和结构尺寸,采用理论与试验相结合的方法对机械臂参数进行了优化设计。首先采用D-H法建立了机器人的运动学模型,然后通过工作空间分析确定出优化参数的工作空间约束条件。在此基础上,以"距离最短"和"结构紧凑"为性能指标建立目标优化函数,并利用遗传算法求解出最优的大臂杆长648 mm、中臂杆长472 mm和小臂杆长396 mm,最优机械臂关节转角极限值为96°、68°和126°。最后进行机器人样机的搬运和喷洒运动规划试验,并借助高速摄像系统标记机械臂末端运动轨迹坐标。试验结果表明:优化后的机械臂能够到达目标工作空间的所有极限位置及其他特征位置点,最大绝对定位误差为9.8 mm,最大相对定位误差为0.98%,在允许的误差范围内,能够满足机械臂工作空间对目标工作空间的有效包容。 相似文献
6.
果园喷雾机自动对靶喷雾控制系统研制与试验 总被引：2，自引：11，他引：2
为提高农药利用率,减少环境污染,该文针对中国果园机械化作业条件差和传统果园喷雾机连续喷雾时存在果树间空隙无效喷雾的特点,设计了自动对靶喷雾控制系统,该系统以GY8履带自走式果园喷雾机为载体,采用传感器测距方式探测果树,实现自动对靶喷雾。通过对超声波、红外和激光3种传感器进行性能比较,及对超声波和激光2种传感器进行静态识别间距测试与分析,红外传感器受光强影响较大,超声波传感器识别间距超过800 mm,均不满足果园精确对靶喷雾控制要求,激光传感器静态识别间距只有20 mm,具有工作稳定、响应快速、方向性好等特点,故将激光传感器选为自动对靶喷雾机探测装置,并将激光传感器安装于喷头组件前方220 mm。采用连续3次检测靶标判别法设计了自动对靶喷雾系统,该系统可有效避免因激光光束较细而导致的将树冠内空洞、枝间间隙等误判为果树间空隙而出现的电磁阀频繁启闭动作。行驶速度为0.5 m/s时,自动对靶喷雾控制系统的动态靶标识别间距介于100~150 mm之间,行驶速度1.0 m/s时,动态靶标识别间距为200~250 mm。此外,该系统还具有提前及延后喷雾功能,自动对靶喷雾系统提前靶标95.0~157.5 mm距离开始喷雾,离开靶标100 mm距离停止喷雾,使喷雾完全覆盖整个树冠。与连续喷雾相比,对靶喷雾可有效节省施药量,对于空隙比为20.0%、35.2%、52.9%靶标行枣树,行驶速度为0.5 m/s时省药率分别达27.9%、53.7%、76.9%,行驶速度为1.0 m/s时省药率分别达27.3%、54.5%、81.0%。因此,该自动对靶喷雾系统对稀疏果园的精确对靶病虫害防治具有较好的实用价值。 相似文献
7.
幼树靶标探测器设计与试验 总被引：12，自引：11，他引：1
针对果园对靶喷药中幼树靶标难以精准探测的难题,该文基于红外传感器设计了幼树靶标探测器,该探测器能同时探测喷药机两侧果树树干,根据用户设置的喷雾宽度和延迟距离等参数计算出靶标喷雾位置,并准确控制电磁阀开闭以进行对靶喷药。实验室试验表明,在传感器探测范围内探测距离和树干直径对探测器探测准确性几乎没有影响,速度对探测准确性有微小量影响,速度不大于1m/s时喷雾总宽度计算精度不小于96.1%。果园试验表明,行走速度不大于0.94m/s时,幼树靶标探测器能100%探测到树干并准确计算出喷雾位置和喷雾宽度。 相似文献
8.
基于双目立体视觉的番茄定位 总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4
为提高番茄采摘机器人视觉系统的定位精度,该文提出了一种基于组合匹配方法及深度校正模型的双目立体视觉测距方法。该方法在形心匹配的基础上,将形心匹配得到的视差值作为区域匹配时设定视差范围的参考值。这样可以减小区域匹配计算量及误匹配的概率。区域匹配后,利用三角测距原理得到番茄区域对应的深度图,并将区域的深度均值作为其深度维的坐标。试验发现定位误差与测量距离间具有很好的线性相关性。通过回归分析,建立了线性回归模型,并对深度测量结果进行校正。结果表明,工作距离小于650mm时,定位误差约为-7～5mm,工作距离小于1050mm时,定位误差约为±10mm,可满足番茄采摘机器人视觉系统在大多数采摘作业环境下的工作要求。 相似文献
9.
针对目前一些植保机械在喷洒农药的过程中难以兼顾低飘移和高沉积的问题,该研究将雾化网格应用在果树植保喷雾作业中,使喷头喷出的大粒径雾滴在接近靶标处撞击网格二次雾化为小雾滴。为了研究雾滴撞击网格后的粒径和速度分布以及沉积特性,以网格孔径、喷头与网格的距离为变量,以二次雾化后雾滴的速度和粒径分布、喷雾角、雾滴覆盖率、沉积量和飘移量为指标进行试验研究。试验结果表明：放置孔径为461、350和227 μm网格时测量点的雾滴平均速度比没有网格时的2.35 m/s分别降低23.40%、13.90%、29.00%,最大平均粒径比没有网格情况下的192.5 μm分别降低19.5%、14%、10%;随着网格孔径的减小,二次雾化后雾滴的喷雾角有逐渐降低的趋势;放置350和227 μm 孔径网格时果树冠层各层内沉积均匀性相近,沉积量变异系数最高分别为88.08%和74.22%,远低于461 μm 孔径网格的162.98%;放置350 μm 孔径网格时雾滴穿透性较好,各层之间沉积量变异系数最高为10.08%,低于461和227 μm 孔径网格的44.09%和18.25%。在该研究试验条件下,350μm 孔径网格的沉积效果优于461和227 μm 孔径网格,喷头与网格的距离对雾滴覆盖率和沉积量没有显著影响,使用雾化网格的雾滴飘移较少,非靶标区平均雾滴飘移量为靶标区沉积量的6.64%。研究结果可为果园无人机喷雾作业优化提供参考。 相似文献
10.
基于处方图的室内变量喷药除草系统设计 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为提高除草剂利用率,开发了一种基于处方图的变量对靶施药除草系统。该系统以S3C2410微处理器为核心,在linux操作系统环境下,能根据MATLAB软件对机器视觉系统采集的棉田杂草图像处理后生成的喷施除草剂处方图,控制不同喷头开关及实现4种喷药量。对棉花与杂草识别、杂草质心坐标及面积大小计算,网格划分、田间杂草定位以及喷头高度与间距关系等关键问题进行了研究。在室内试验台上对喷药系统进行了测试,当喷药系统压力为0.1 MPa,传送带速度为0.4 m/s时,50棵杂草对靶率超过90%,与传统喷药方式相比可节省除草剂用量60%以上。该喷药系统的设计,为实时变量对靶喷药除草机器人的研究提供了参考。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
18.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献