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为了研究带分流叶片水泵水轮机在小开度运行下各工况的内流特点及受力特点,以国内某带分流叶片水泵水轮机抽水蓄能电站的水力模型为分析对象,运用CFD数值模拟方法,采用SST k-ω计算模型,对其7.5°开度下的水轮机工况、制动工况和反水泵工况的内流特性进行了非定常数值模拟计算,分析了各工况下机组内部典型监测点的压力脉动特性及轴向力分布规律.结果表明:CFD数值计算能较好地模拟分析带分流叶片水泵水轮机的内流特性;在制动工况和反水泵工况下,转轮流道内出现明显的不稳定流动,二次流和涡结构充满整个转轮,进而引起水流拥堵,分流叶片可以使转轮的出水速度更加均匀;机组甩负荷运行进入制动工况后,转轮所受轴向力明显变大,并伴有负值出现,波动幅度也较大;分流叶片的存在可以预防转轮区出现负压,有助于降低涡结构的强度. 相似文献
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为探究水泵水轮机转轮和导水机构的动应力特性,通过建立水泵水轮机导水机构（固定导叶与活动导叶）及转轮的固体域模型,并基于流固耦合的方法对转轮、导水机构在水泵水轮机发电、抽水等多工况展开计算分析,以获得转轮及导水机构的应力特性。计算结果表明：转轮叶片与上冠“T”型连接处的应力集中与转轮进口处旋涡发展状态有关;转轮与活动导叶间的动静干涉是无叶区压力脉动的主要来源,且主频为叶片通过频率;较小开度或低水头工况下机组运行靠近不稳定区,活动导叶与转轮的动应力均较大,但活动导叶对水流的约束引导作用使其动应力值相比于转轮更高,且流量的增大有利于降低转轮所受动应力。因此可考虑通过改变导叶尾端与转轮进口间距,调整无叶区宽度或调整机组运行区域,避免长时间运行在低负荷、小开度工况下可进一步改善转轮所受动应力情况。 相似文献
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为了研究可逆式水泵水轮机泵工况的驼峰特性,通过非定常分离涡模拟（DES）的方法,计算不同流量工况下机组的内部流场特征.根据机组对应工况下的模型试验,对机组流道中的流态特征进行对比分析,特别对扩散流道损失以及转轮与导叶之间的动/静干涉现象进行研究,探讨驼峰特性产生的具体原因.结果表明：机组在小流量工况下运行时,转轮出口流动呈现明显非对称性;紊乱的流动特征引发转轮内部与扩散段中产生涡结构与二次流结构;由于不良流态的出现,过流部件水力损失显著上升,并引发扬程的下降,导致机组形成扬程-流量曲线的驼峰区域.因此,改善小流量工况下转轮内部流态对于改善水泵水轮机驼峰特性具有重要的作用.该研究内容阐明了驼峰特性对水泵水轮机造成不良影响的机理,对改进机组水泵工况的水力性能提供了参考与帮助,对于水泵水轮机的稳定运行具有重要意义. 相似文献
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水泵水轮机飞逸工况下无叶区高速水环研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨水泵水轮机飞逸工况下无叶区高速水环形成机理以及对机组稳定运行的影响,以某抽水蓄能电站水泵水轮机模型为研究对象,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,通过数值模拟结合模型机进行实验,对全流道定常和非定常数值模拟计算,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明:水泵水轮机S特性与飞逸点稳定性存在内在联系,飞逸工况下无叶区高速水环影响飞逸的稳定性;高速水环区周向速度分布以及反作用度分布存在极值点,其中周向速度在高速水环靠近转轮叶片一侧存在极大值,反作用度则在靠近转轮叶片一侧存在极小值,高速水环是引起无叶区水力损失的主要原因;飞逸工况下,随着开度的增加,高速水环越发不明显,小开度飞逸工况下,由于来流方向与叶片骨线存在较大冲角,致使转轮叶片进口端产生规律性的旋涡结构,而冲角随着流动变化浮动较大,存在较大随机性,高速水环是导致随机性波动的原因。 相似文献
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在以抽水蓄能为蓄能装置的多能互补发电系统中,抽水蓄能机组采用可逆式水泵水轮机机组.研究了机组在水轮机工况下和水泵工况下的启动过程特性对多能互补发电系统运行性能的影响,根据抽水蓄能过渡过程特性及可逆式水泵水轮机机组性能,建立了多能互补发电系统中抽水蓄能启动过程的数学模型.在水轮机工况下,其启动过程分为3个状态(0状态、空载状态、启动结束状态)、2个时段(从0状态到空载状态、从空载状态到启动结束状态);在水泵工况下,以关死功率为界限,分析了机组特性.由分析可知:抽水蓄能机组在水轮机工况下的空载开度及其所对应的流量可根据其飞逸特性曲线或水头特性曲线求取.在水泵工况下,当净负荷小于关死功率时机组不运行;当机组启动结束时,无论在何种工况下,如果净负荷值大于或等于额定功率,则机组均运行在额定工况下;如果净负荷值小于额定功率,则机组输出功率为净负荷值. 相似文献
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为了研究水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下的压力脉动特性,采用SST k-ω湍流模型对模型水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下的三维非定常湍流进行模拟.在试验验证的基础上,通过调整活动导叶的开度以实现机组不同的运行工况,分析了3种流量工况下导叶、转轮和尾水管内的压力脉动规律.结果表明,尾水涡带形态和旋转方向对机组压力脉动的影响很大:在小流量工况下,尾水涡带为螺旋状,旋转方向与转轮转动方向相同,转轮出口产生强烈的低频压力脉动,转轮叶片上的压力脉动频率约为转轮转频的0.62倍,尾水管压力脉动主频约为转轮转频的0.36倍;在最优工况和大流量工况下,尾水涡带变为管状,转轮出口压力脉动幅值变小,在转轮叶片表面检测到与尾水管压力脉动主频相同的压力脉动;大流量工况下涡带旋转方向与转轮旋转方向相反,尾水管内压力脉动的最大值出现在弯肘段区域. 相似文献
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水泵水轮机水轮机制动区的流动特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究水泵水轮机水轮机制动区的不稳定流动特性,根据某抽水蓄能电站建立水力模型,应用计算流体动力学软件Fluent模拟其流动特征．采用SST k-ω模型和SIMPLEC算法计算水轮机制动工况的内流场和外特性,并结合试验数据进行对比验证．结果表明,水泵水轮机在水轮机制动工况随流量的变化水头变化不大,在力矩为0时的水头最低;导叶开度越大,进入制动区时所需的转速越高,且流量越大,可以通过调节导叶开度防止水泵水轮机进入制动区;导叶工作开度下力矩为0时的流场不存在涡结构,随着流量的减小,在叶片和活动导叶的进口以及固定导叶和活动导叶之间出现大量的回流涡,并且呈现出类周期性分布特征;转轮中的回流涡是由于前倾式叶片的倾角较大产生的,导叶中的回流涡是由于流体流动方向与导叶叶片的冲角引起的．以上结论可为水泵水轮机的优化设计提供一定的理论基础． 相似文献
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水泵水轮机运行在泵工况压水启动过程或压水调相工况时,需要在转轮腔体内注入空气以降低转轮的启动功率.为了避免转轮室内的压缩空气泄漏到蜗壳内,需要在无叶区内形成一定厚度的水环进行密封,以减少压水时的用气量.为了研究导叶开度对水泵水轮机的水环内部流动特性的影响规律,利用ANSYS CFX软件对3种不同的导叶开度(全关闭、1%最优导叶开度、2%最优导叶开度)水泵水轮机模型两相流进行非定常数值计算分析.研究结果表明:水环的厚度随导叶的关闭而增大,从而增大了转轮的阻力,加大了轴功率的消耗;无叶区内的压力脉动特征频率为叶频及其倍频,呈现出明显的动静干涉现象.研究结果可为水泵水轮机在泵工况压水启动过程或压水调相工况下的水环控制提供一定的依据. 相似文献
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水泵水轮机转轮三维反问题设计与特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用全三维反问题设计方法,按照水泵工况确定设计参数,从水轮机方向进行流场计算,完成某一中高水头水泵水轮机转轮的水力设计。针对设计开发的转轮,通过模型实验测试其在不同运行工况下的性能。结果表明,设计的水泵水轮机转轮在水泵工况下的最高机组效率达到91.34%,且机组运行平稳;水轮机工况的最高机组效率为88.5%。基于全流道粘性数值计算的转轮内部流动分析表明,水泵工况下,水流光顺地通过流道,转轮内部流动损失较小;水轮机工况下,转轮进口附近存在较严重冲击损失且叶片背面低压区面积较大,影响转轮的作功能力。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献