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1.
郭川 《水产学报》2007,31(4):423-430
肌原纤维结合型丝氨酸蛋白酶(myofibril-bound serine proteinase,MBSP)是最近发现的一种蛋白酶。该酶参与肌原纤维蛋白的降解及鱼糜制品弹性的下降。但是,对该酶一级结构的研究,迄今为止,未有报道。本文根据已测定的鲤MBSP N-末端氨基酸序列以及丝氨酸蛋白酶活性中心保守序列设计兼并引物,结合RT-PCR技术实现了MBSP基因片段的扩增。再根据克隆到的MBSP片段序列设计基因特异引物,用于MBSP基因的5′和3′末端快速扩增。综合以上结果,鲤MBSP的全长被确定。序列分析表明,MBSP cDNA含有一732 bp的开放阅读框,编码243个氨基酸残基,其中信号肽长度为21个氨基酸残基。组成丝氨酸蛋白酶活性中心的氨基酸残基(His61,Asp107和Ser197)在MBSP中保守存在。成熟MBSP含有222个氨基酸残基,分子量为24.5 ku,比其天然蛋白的分子量30 ku略小。成熟MBSP的等电点为10.43。鲤MBSP与鲫MBSP,猪胰蛋白酶,牛胰蛋白酶,美洲鲽胰蛋白酶的同源性分别为80.6%,55.8%,55.3%和53.9%。而与仓鼠肌肉中具有胰凝乳蛋白酶性质的蛋白酶的同源性为39.2%。MBSP有高含量的赖氨酸残基(11.93%),此特性可能与该酶的肌原纤维结合特性有关。  相似文献   

2.
大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)风味品质劣化严重制约其产业的健康发展。为探究大黄鱼腺苷琥珀酸裂解酶(Adenylosuccinate lyase, ADSL)在风味关键物质肌苷酸(Inosine monophosphate, IMP)合成中的作用,克隆了大黄鱼adsl基因的开放阅读框(ORF)序列,分析了其基因结构和进化特征;在明确其组织分布特性的基础上,比较了不同养殖规格大黄鱼肌肉组织中的IMP含量和adsl基因的表达差异。结果显示：大黄鱼adsl基因ORF全长1 446 bp,编码481个氨基酸。对应的蛋白质相对分子质量为54.6 kD,等电点为6.19,包含N末端的裂解酶1和C末端的ADSL＿C两个结构域。大黄鱼与棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)的亲缘关系最近,相似性达98.54%。大黄鱼adsl基因由12个外显子和11个内含子组成,其mRNA在肌肉组织中表达量最大,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05)。随着体质量的增加,养殖大黄鱼肌肉组织中的IMP含量显著增加(P<0.01);adsl基因mRNA的相对表达量也呈类似规律。相关性分析...  相似文献   

3.
Ⅰ型溶菌酶是无脊椎动物免疫系统中一种富含半胱氨酸的重要蛋白质免疫因子,具有良好的抗病原微生物功能。通过反转录PCR自青蛤闭壳肌中克隆到Ⅰ型溶菌酶（CslyⅠ）基因,以pPⅠCZαA为表达载体、毕赤酵母X-33为工程菌,构建重组毕赤酵母菌株X-33/pPⅠCZαA-CslyⅠ,经高质量浓度博莱霉素培养基筛选获得高拷贝重组菌株。该菌株在28℃、250r/min条件下,经1%甲醇诱导表达72h后获得蛋白质类表达产物。Western blot和MALDⅠ-TOF/TOF质谱分析表明,该表达产物为预期的重组青蛤Ⅰ型溶菌酶;进一步的抑菌试验证明,该重组青蛤Ⅰ型溶菌酶具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和副溶血性弧菌的活性,并且显示良好的热稳定性。本研究可为无脊椎动物来源Ⅰ型溶菌酶的制备提供基于重组毕赤酵母的生物合成技术。  相似文献   

4.
近年来,重组 VP28和 VP26蛋白作为蛋白亚单位疫苗,在增强对虾抗白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染的过程中具有重要作用。本研究根据GenBank中WSSV的基因序列设计引物,以WSSV粗提液为模板进行普通PCR扩增,得到VP28和VP26基因,再用引物悬挂法将EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点分别添加到 VP28和 VP26基因的5￠端和3￠端。目的基因经双酶切后插入到表达载体pGAPZαA,转化TOP10大肠杆菌,经博莱霉素(Zeocin)抗性筛选阳性重组酵母表达载体。AvrⅡ酶切线性化之后,电击转化 X-33毕赤酵母感受态细胞,经 Zeocin 抗性筛选得到阳性重组酵母。SDS-PAGE电泳分析重组酵母表达上清液的目的蛋白,没有检测到VP28和VP26重组蛋白。随后,采用蛋白质银染法,结果显示,与空载pGAPZαA组相比,VP28和VP26表达上清液组有明显的条带,证明VP28和VP26在毕赤酵母中成功表达,蛋白分子量大小约为32 kDa。  相似文献   

5.
巩杰  叶海辉  于坤  黄辉洋  李少菁 《水产学报》2013,37(10):1479-1486
葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose regulated protein 78 ku,GRP78)是热休克蛋白70家族成员之一,在调节蛋白质折叠和维持内质网稳态过程中起着分子伴 侣作用。采用RT-PCR、RACE等技术,首次从拟穴青蟹获得了GRP78的cDNA全长序列。该序列全长2 284 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为1 962 bp,编码653个氨基酸残基。 同源分析显示,该基因编码的蛋白含有HSP70家族的签名序列,C末端为内质网蛋白滞留信号KDEL,与其他物种具有很高相似性。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,GRP78 基因在拟穴青蟹多个组织中均有表达。第一期仔蟹在不同的温度和盐度下暴露12 h后,GRP78基因表达量随环境温度升高而增加;在高盐(30)条件下GRP78表达量 较高,进而推测拟穴青蟹GRP78参与蛋白质折叠和环境胁迫的应答。  相似文献   

6.
为规避活病毒作参考物质存在的生物安全风险,本研究利用毕赤酵母表达系统表达了传染性造血器官坏死病病毒(IHNV)的糖蛋白来制备参考蛋白,作为IHNV免疫学检测参考物质。本研究选用IHNV糖蛋白基因(IHNV-G)为目的基因,根据Gen Bank中IHNV全基因序列设计特异性引物,以IHNV-uk株病毒核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR获得糖蛋白基因片段,将其克隆至真核表达载体p PICZαA,转入毕赤酵母感受态细胞GS115中,使外源基因与酵母基因融合,通过1%甲醇诱导表达外源蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示获得可溶性表达蛋白,分子量大于70 ku。经Western Blot和ELISA分析,该表达产物可以被IHNV多抗特异性识别。0.1531 mg的重组蛋白与0.3125TCID50 IHNV在ELISA实验中反应原性相当,–20°C可稳定保存2个月,说明其在一定程度上可替代病毒作为参考物质。该研究为IHNV ELISA检测试剂盒的开发奠定基础。  相似文献   

7.
为研究温度对离体大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞抗氧化能力和炎性反应的影响,从大黄鱼头肾组织中分离巨噬细胞结合贴壁筛选法得到细胞单层后,在不同温度(16、22和28°C)下培养备用。使用25μg/mL的脂多糖(LPS)孵育细胞2 h后,测定不同培养温度下离体细胞活力、呼吸爆发活性、抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活性以及相关基因(SOD、CAT、Hsp70和IL-1β)表达的情况。结果显示,体外培养细胞36 h后,16°C和22°C条件下培养的细胞活力显著高于28°C处理组;LPS处理组大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞呼吸爆发活性显著升高,但SOD和CAT酶活性较对照组显著下降。高温(28°C)显著提高了细胞CAT酶的活性和基因表达水平,但SOD酶活性和基因表达变化差异不显著;LPS显著促进了大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞IL-1β基因的表达,并且随培养温度升高细胞IL-1β基因的表达水平显著降低;但大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞Nrf2和Hsp70的基因表达量随温度升高而显著增加,且LPS处理组细胞基因表达水平显著高于对照组。研究表明,温度显著影响了离体大黄鱼头肾巨噬细胞的抗氧化能力和LPS所诱导的促炎基因的表达,Nrf2和Hsp70在这一过程中可能发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

8.
为了研究壳聚糖酶的水解活性,实验进行了解淀粉芽孢杆菌HZ-1510壳聚糖酶基因编码序列的克隆,并构建了谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)-壳聚糖酶融合蛋白表达质粒,在大肠杆菌中表达后提取、纯化得到重组蛋白,并通过生物信息学对该蛋白的信号肽、三维结构等进行了分析,最后以胶态壳聚糖溶液为底物研究了该重组壳聚糖酶的活性。结果显示,该壳聚糖酶基因的ORF长为837 bp,编码279个氨基酸,分子量为31.45 ku。在其氨基末端具有信号肽,切割点位于36和37位氨基酸之间。氨基酸序列同源性分析表明该壳聚糖酶属于GH46家族糖苷水解酶。酶的水解活性最适温度约为55°C,最适pH为5.5。而金属离子Fe3+、Ag+、Cu~(2+)、Ba~(2+)和K+对其水解活性都起抑制作用,但是Mn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对其活性起增强作用。0.1 mmol/L的Zn~(2+)对壳聚糖酶的活性起增强作用,2.0 mmol/L的Zn~(2+)对壳聚糖酶的活性起抑制作用。本实验研究了解淀粉芽孢杆菌HZ-1510壳聚糖酶在不同条件下的水解活性,为壳聚糖酶的工业应用奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

9.
构建了枯草芽孢杆菌CH_2菌株(Bacillus subtilis CH_2)壳聚糖酶基因的真核表达载体p PIC9K-CH2-Cns,在毕赤酵母GS115(Pichia pastoris)中进行重组表达,获得了有生物学活性的重组壳聚糖酶,对重组壳聚糖酶的酶学特性及酶解产物进行了分析。结果显示,重组壳聚糖酶的分子量为29 k D,粗酶的比酶活达到133.60 U/mg,纯化后重组蛋白的比酶活为338.08 U/mg;该酶的最适作用温度为50℃,最适pH为4.5,酶动力学常数Vmax=24.39(μmol/mg)·min~(-1),Km=5.48 mg/m L;Fe2+、K+等对其酶活力有一定的激活作用,其中Mn~(2+)能使酶活力提升2.4倍,Ag~+、Mg~(2+)、Hg~(2+)、EDTA、EGTA和SDS等存在时则对其酶活力有强烈抑制作用。利用重组壳聚糖酶酶解壳聚糖,酶解产物主要为聚合度2~10的壳寡糖,且分布均匀。以上结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌CH_2菌株壳聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母GS115中成功表达,获得了一种内切型的高酶活力重组壳聚糖酶,该重组酶具有反应条件温和、酶解产物均一等特点,可被应用于海洋甲壳质加工应用中。  相似文献   

10.
黄鳝PLA2基因的克隆及表达分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用同源克隆技术和RACE技术克隆黄鳝(Monopterus albus)磷脂酶A2(PLA2)基因的cDNA全长;并采用荧光定量RT-PCR法检测PLA2基因在黄鳝各组织中的表达量情况。结果显示:黄鳝PLA2基因全长cDNA大小为2 606 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KX852397),其中开放阅读框2 205 bp,编码736个氨基酸,预测分子大小为83.623 kD,理论等电点5.84;5'和3'非编码区长度分别为208 bp和193 bp。该蛋白序列没有信号肽和跨膜结构。氨基酸序列比对和系统树分析显示,黄鳝PLA2基因的结构十分保守,黄鳝与大黄鱼和金头鲷的PLA2基因亲缘关系最近,与鼠类和蟾蜍的亲缘关系较远。RT-PCR分析表明,PLA2基因在组织中的表达具有组织特异性,在消化器官前肠组织中的表达最高,在性腺及肌肉组织中表达很少。  相似文献   

11.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

12.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

13.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

14.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

15.
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos.  相似文献   

16.
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
The sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, is a sit-and-wait, low metabolic rate, marine teleost. The objective of this study was to determine i) whether cortisol implantation (50 mg. kg-1) for 7 days altered hepatocyte metabolism, and hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine, glucagon and insulin, and ii) whether 8 weeks of food-deprivation modified the above response. Cortisol implantation significantly increased hepatocyte total glucose production and oxidation from alanine compared to the sham group. There was no cortisol effect on glycogen breakdown, suggesting that the activation of other pathways, including gluconeogenesis, are required to account for the increased glucose production. Epinephrine-mediated (10-5M) glycogen breakdown and insulin-mediated (10-8M) total glucose production were enhanced in hepatocytes of cortisol implanted sea ravens, but there were no change in any glucagon (10-7M) effects. The enhanced glycogen breakdown in the absence of similar increases in total glucose production with epinephrine indicates mobilization of carbohydrate reserves for endogenous use by the liver. Food-deprivation for 8 weeks significantly decreased condition factor, plasma cortisol concentration and liver glycogen content in the sea raven, but had no effect on plasma glucose concentration. Hepatocyte total glucose production and flux rates from alanine increased significantly with food-deprivation. Moreover, food-deprivation increased responsiveness of total hepatocyte glucose production to the actions of glucagon and insulin, but not to epinephrine; none of these effects were modified by cortisol implantation. Our results indicate that cortisol in the sea raven exerts both a direct and an indirect or permissive effect on hepatocyte metabolism by modifying hepatocyte responsiveness to epinephrine and insulin stimulation. Cortisol implantation did not modify the effects of glucagon or food-deprivation in this species.  相似文献   

18.
Important environmental processes for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fishes have been synthesized through Bakun's fundamental triad as enrichment, concentration and retention processes (A. Bakun, 1996, Patterns in the Ocean. Ocean Processes and Marine Population Dynamics. San Diego, CA, USA: University of California Sea Grant). This conceptual framework states that from favourable spawning habitats, eggs and larvae would be transported to and/or retained in places where food originating from enrichment areas would be concentrated. We propose a method for quantifying two of the triad processes, enrichment and retention, based on the Lagrangian tracking of particles transported within water velocity fields generated by a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model. We apply this method to the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem, constructing putative maps of enrichment and retention. We comment on these maps regarding main features of the circulation in the region, and investigate seasonal variability of the processes. We finally discuss the results in relation to available knowledge on the reproductive strategies of two pelagic clupeoid species abundant in the southern Benguela, anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardinops sagax). Our approach is intended to be sufficiently generic so as to allow its application to other upwelling systems.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluated the effects of three levels of loading density (200, 300 and 400 g L−1) and four levels of duration (1, 3, 6 and 9 h) on the mortality, plasma cortisol and chloride levels and growth of rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings in a transport simulation. While total immediate mortality was low (4–12%), delayed mortality was high (27–49%). Initial capture and handling were found to constitute the most stressful phase as indicated by elevated plasma cortisol. The levels of cortisol continued to rise at 6 and 9 h after transport, with the highest level observed at 9 h after transport. The level of plasma chloride fell after transport across all density levels and treatment durations. Specific growth rate (SGR, %/day) and total bacterial density (cfu/g) were not different between and within treatments, and between treatments and the controls. This study demonstrates that transport has a profound effect on the stress responses of rohu fingerlings. Although the level of immediate mortality was low, the higher level of delayed mortality has serious implications in terms of production inefficiency for grow-out farmers.  相似文献   

20.
  • 1. The common name ‘tilapia’ refers to a group of tropical freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae (Oreochromis, Tilapia, and Sarotherodon spp.) that are indigenous to Africa and the southwestern Middle East. Since the 1930s, tilapias have been intentionally dispersed worldwide for the biological control of aquatic weeds and insects, as baitfish for certain capture fisheries, for aquaria, and as a food fish. They have most recently been promoted as an important source of protein that could provide food security for developing countries without the environmental problems associated with terrestrial agriculture. In addition, market demand for tilapia in developed countries such as the United States is growing rapidly.
  • 2. Tilapias are well‐suited to aquaculture because they are highly prolific and tolerant to a range of environmental conditions. They have come to be known as the ‘aquatic chicken’ because of their potential as an affordable, high‐yield source of protein that can be easily raised in a range of environments — from subsistence or ‘backyard’ units to intensive fish hatcheries. In some countries, particularly in Asia, nearly all of the introduced tilapias produced are consumed domestically; tilapias have contributed to basic food security for such societies.
  • 3. This review indicates that tilapia species are highly invasive and exist under feral conditions in every nation in which they have been cultured or introduced. Thus, the authors have concluded that, despite potential or observed benefits to human society, tilapia aquaculture and open‐water introductions cannot continue unchecked without further exacerbating damage to native fish species and biodiversity. Recommendations include restricting tilapia culture to carefully managed, contained ponds, although exclusion is preferred when it is feasible. Research into culture of indigenous species is also recommended.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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