共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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近年来,我国畜牧行业发展迅速,苜蓿种植面积已达13.3万hm2,并逐年增加,苜蓿割草机在牧草收获中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但传统割草机存在着收获质量差、无法收获倒伏植株等问题,降低了苜蓿种植的收益,影响苜蓿种植的积极性。为此,提出一种与常规割刀形状不同的新型割刀形式,其刀刃部分在垂直刀片方向上存在小角度的扭转,使割刀在作业时产生一种倾斜切割状态,能够极大地提高割草机的刈割质量和适应性。同时,对割刀的工艺、可靠性以及失效形式进行分析,为合理设计割刀、延长割刀使用寿命提供理论依据。 相似文献
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玉米穗茎兼收割台切割夹持输送装置仿真与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以切割夹持装置为研究对象,采用Recurdyn软件构建玉米植株和切割夹持装置的刚柔混合系统,仿真分析了割刀与夹持点水平距离（-70、-35、0、35、70mm）和果穗生长方向（机器前进方向、机器前进反向、垂直前进方向）对植株结穗点位移的影响。仿真结果表明：割刀与夹持点水平距离为-70mm和-35mm时,植株无夹持切割,会向果穗生长方向倾斜,容易造成损失;割刀与夹持点水平距离为0、35、70mm时,植株夹持切割,结穗点位移变化规律相同,距离越大,对秸秆切碎均匀性越不利。试制穗茎兼收玉米割台,在机器作业速度为1.2m/s、夹持输送链线速度为1.39m/s时,进行了割刀与夹持点水平距离分别为-70mm和35mm时的田间对比试验。田间试验结果为：割刀与夹持点水平距离为-70mm时,植株收获总损失率为36.2%,水平距离为35mm时,植株收获总损失率仅为3.3%,表明先夹持再切割可以大大减小植株收获损失率,验证了仿真分析的合理性及可靠性。 相似文献
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割草机切割压扁装置运行参数优化与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了降低收获过程中的牧草损失,选择最佳的割草压扁机设计参数,对割草压扁机割刀转速和压扁辊转速及其匹配对苜蓿收获质量的影响进行了研究。利用ADAMS软件对割台和植株进行了虚拟样机建模,并利用模型进行了苜蓿植株的切割喂入试验,通过收获过程中割刀与植株平均接触力、压扁辊与植株平均接触力、输送时间等仿真数据,拟合其随割刀转速和压扁辊转速的变化趋势和方程,定义了评判割草机对植株破坏程度的碎草系数并建立了模型。根据碎草系数模型,当割刀转速ng=1 875 r/min,压扁辊转速ny=749 r/min时,割草压扁机对苜蓿植株的破坏最小。利用田间试验对碎草系数与实际碎草率的相关关系进行了验证,两者的决定系数R2=0.958 76。通过碎草系数预测的最低碎草率约为8.38%,比原始样机减少了3.97个百分点,由此可使鲜苜蓿增收约0.47 t/hm2,比原始样机产量提高了4.53%。 相似文献
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9G-4.0型牵引双刀割草机,是适用于我国大面积平坦天然草场及种植草场收获牧草作业的一种割幅宽、高效、性能稳定的新型割草机,它具有较高的生产率和可靠性,其结构紧凑、操作方便、节省人力,具有较好的使用性。该机具配套动力为25~35kw,后置或侧置输出轴的轮式拖拉机,通过拖拉机动力输出轴带动万向节传动轴、齿轮箱传动机构以及曲柄连杆机构驱动割刀作往复运动完成切割全过程。,通过两联分配器两割刀可以独立升降起落,操纵拖拉机输出轴手柄可以控制割刀做往复运动,机具由拖拉机手一人操作,机具结构简单,操作方便灵活,通用性好、安装容易。可与25~35k W后输出轴540r/min或侧输出轴1240r/min拖拉机配套使用。 相似文献
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固定垄保护性耕作条件下松垄割刀性能对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在固定垄保护性耕作体系下,针对宽垄沟灌条件下水分渗透难的问题,基于土壤力学接触模型,设计了平刀、缺口刀和V形刀3种松垄割刀。利用ANSYS软件对其进行有限元静力学分析,施加载荷数值来自于纯剪切与两面楔模型对3种割刀受力进行分析计算,得出割刀的应力分布图和变形云图。结果显示,3种割刀设计强度均满足要求,变形较小。结合层次分析法与功效系数法,以割刀理论受力、作业油耗、土壤体积含水率增量为评价指标,确定使用V形松垄割刀作业的综合效益最高。 相似文献
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非充分供水对春小麦生长发育及产量影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据洪水河灌区田间试验资料,研究了在同等农业技术措施、不同供水条件下对春小麦的生物性状发育、耗水特征及产量影响。初步总结了春小麦在非充分供水条件下灌溉定额、总耗水量与产量的关系,分析了非充分供水条件下春小麦的产量结构效应。 相似文献
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玉米穗茎兼收割台夹持输送装置参数优化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探明玉米穗茎兼收割台夹持输送装置参数对作物损失率、割台性能的影响机理,设计了一种玉米穗茎兼收割台。通过对夹持输送装置的工作原理、工作条件及影响因素的分析,确定以夹持输送链夹角、输入轴链轮速度、割刀安装位置及机器作业速度为试验因素,以果穗损失率、植株在x轴及y轴的最大偏移量为试验指标,根据Box-Benhnken Design中心组合试验设计原理,进行了四因素三水平正交旋转组合田间试验,试验中利用高速摄像系统记录玉米植株姿态,利用Pro Analyst运动分析软件分析玉米植株的最大偏移量,利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行响应面分析,得到各因变量与自变量间的数学模型。试验结果表明:4个自变量与果穗损失率、x轴最大偏移量有二次非线性关系,其中割刀安装位置影响最大,夹持输送链夹角的影响最小,4个因素对y轴最大偏移量无显著影响;因素的交互项仅对果穗损失率有显著影响;最优参数组合为:夹持输送链夹角19.96°、输入轴链轮齿数22.09、割刀安装位置22.33 mm、机器作业速度1.31 m/s,此时果穗损失率为0.4%,x轴最大偏移量为24 mm。对最优参数组合圆整后,取夹持输送链夹角为20°,割刀安装位置为22 mm,机器作业速度为1.30 m/s进行田间验证试验,验证试验表明回归模型有很好的可靠性。优化后的果穗损失率较优化前降低2.4个百分点,低于标准规定的指标值。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献