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1.
In total, 83 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from avian colibacillosis during a period from 2001 to 2006 in Japan were investigated for serogroups, typical virulence factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness. The most common serogroup was O78 (30.1%); 80.7% of isolates harbored the iss gene and 55.4% of isolates harbored the tsh gene. Antimicrobial resistance of the isolates was found for ampicillin (77.1%), oxytetracycline (75.9%), kanamycin (36.1%), fradiomycin (33.7%), trimethoprim (25.3%), enrofloxacin (21.7%), and florfenicol (6.0%). Although multiple antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes (three or more antimicrobials) accounted for 54.2% of isolates, no isolate exhibited resistance to all agents tested. The fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had point mutations in GyrA (Ser83 --> Leu, Asp87 --> Asn) and ParC (Ser80 --> Ile, Glu84 --> Gly). Of 18 enrofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates, nine isolates belonged to serotype O78. In PFGE analysis, eight of the nine enrofloxacin-resistant O78 isolates were classified into an identical cluster. This suggests that a specific genotype of fluoroquinolone-resistant O78 APEC may be widely distributed in Japan.  相似文献   

2.
Faecal samples of healthy dogs (n=39) and cats (n=36) obtained in Northern Portugal were seeded on Levine agar plates, and two Escherichia coli isolates per sample were recovered (78 of dogs and 66 of cats). The susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents was tested in this series of 144 E. coli isolates. Almost 20% of them showed tetracycline resistance and 12 and 15% presented ampicillin or streptomycin resistance, respectively. The percentage of resistance to the other antimicrobial agents was in all cases below 4%, and no resistant isolates were detected for ceftazidime, imipenem, cefoxitin or amikacin. Two isolates (from one dog) showed cefotaxime-resistance and harboured both the CTX-M-1 and OXA-30 beta-lactamases. A bla(TEM) gene was detected in 12 of 17 ampicillin-resistant isolates, the aac(3)-II gene in the three gentamicin-resistant isolates, aadA in 7 of 22 streptomycin-resistant isolates, and tet(A) and/or tet(B) gene in all 28 tetracycline-resistant isolates. The gene encoding class 1 integrase was detected in six E. coli isolates, including the four trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates and those two harbouring CTX-M-1 and OXA-30 beta-lactamases; different gene cassette arrangements were identified: dfrA1+aadA1 (two isolates), dfrA12+orfF+aadA2 (two isolates) and bla(OXA30)+aadA1 (two isolates). One amino acid change in GyrA protein (Ser83Leu or Asp87Tyr) was detected in four nalidixic acid-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates and two amino acid changes in GyrA (Ser83Leu+Asp87Asn) and one in ParC (Ser80Ile) were identified in one nalidixic acid- and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate. Faecal E. coli isolates of healthy pets could be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes.  相似文献   

3.
Antibiotic resistance in avian bacterial pathogens is a common problem in the Bangladesh poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to provide information on the present status of antibiotic resistance patterns in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Bangladesh. Of 279 dead or sick poultry of different ages, 101 pathogenic E coli strains isolated from broilers and layer hens with colibacillosis infections were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance against 13 antibiotics used in both veterinary and human medicine in Bangladesh. Of 101 pathogenic E. coli isolates, more than 55% were resistant to at least one or more of the tested compounds, and 36.6% of the isolates showed multiple-drug-resistant phenotypes. The most common resistances observed were against tetracycline (45.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (26.7%), nalidixic acid (25.7%), ampicillin (25.7%), and streptomycin (20.8%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.9%), chlormaphenicol (8.9%), nitrofurantoin (2%), and gentamicin (2%) was also observed, and none of the isolates were resistant to tigecycline as well as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. One isolate was resistant to cefuroxime (1%), cefadroxil (1%), and mecillinam (1%) but was not an ESBL producer. Resistance rates, although significant in Bangladeshi isolates, were found to be lower than those reported for avian isolates from the Republic of Korea and clinical, avian, and environmental isolates from Bangladesh. The high level of antibiotic resistance in avian pathogens from Bangladesh is worrisome and indicates that widespread use of antibiotics as feed additives for growth promotion and disease prevention could have negative implications for human and animal health and the environment.  相似文献   

4.
The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli can serve as an indicator of the pool of resistance genes potentially available for transfer to pathogenic organisms. This study was conducted on 29 volunteer beef farms in Ontario to describe the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli, and to describe changes in the prevalence of resistance during the feedlot stage of production. From the pooled fecal samples on 28 of the 29 farms, 31% of isolates from feedlots (n = 993) and 12% of isolates from cow-calf farms (n = 807) were resistant to one or more of 16 antimicrobials tested. No isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or nalidixic acid, and < 1% of the pooled isolates were resistant to ceftiofur. Two percent of both feedlot and cow-calf isolates were resistant to > or = 5 antimicrobials. Cow-calf farms were at significantly lower risk than feedlots for having E. coli isolates that were resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. On average, the prevalence of sulfamethoxazole resistant E. coli isolates was significantly higher in calves than in cows. No resistance was observed to ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin among isolates (n = 1265) obtained from individually sampled feedlot animals on 2 farms. Less than 1% of these isolates were resistant to gentamicin, nalidixic acid, and ceftiofur. From the individually sampled feedlot animals, resistance to streptomycin (on 1 farm), sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline increased significantly from arrival to mid-point during the feeding period, and these levels persisted until market-readiness.  相似文献   

5.
This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI). Urine samples from 201 dogs with UTI diagnosed through clinical examination and urinalysis were processed for isolation of Escherichia coli. Colonies from pure cultures were identified by biochemical reactions (n=114) and were tested for susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials. The two most frequent antimicrobials showing resistance in Urinary E. coli isolates were oxytetracycline and ampicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 17 resistance patterns were observed, with 12 patterns involving multidrug resistance (MDR). Of the 69 tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, tet(B) was the predominant resistance determinant and was detected in 50.9% of the isolates, whereas the remaining 25.5% isolates carried the tet(A) determinant. Most ampicillin and/or amoxicillin-resistant E. coli isolates carried blaTEM-1 genes. Class 1 integrons were prevalent (28.9%) and contained previously described gene cassettes that are implicated primarily in resistance to aminoglycosides and trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA17-aadA5). Of the 44 quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates, 38 were resistant to nalidixic acid, and 6 were resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin. Chromosomal point mutations were found in the GyrA (Ser83Leu) and ParC (Ser80Ile) genes. Furthermore, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC2, the chloramphenicol resistant gene cmlA and the florfenicol resistant gene floR were also identified. This study revealed an alarming rate of antimicrobial resistance among E. coli isolates from dogs with UTIs.  相似文献   

6.
Public pressure to reduce or eliminate antimicrobials as ingredients of feed for poultry and other agricultural animals is mounting, primarily due to the fear of multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinical infections in both animals and humans. Exploration of the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in the gut flora of wildlife avian flocks that presumptively do not receive antimicrobials will determine the rate of resistance in a na?ve population. Fecal samples collected from a healthy population of the yellow-headed blackbirds (YHB) (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) in North Dakota were cultured to determine what genera and species of gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacteria these wild birds carry in their intestinal flora and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Isolates of Escherichia coli were further characterized for the presence of putative virulence factors and for pathogenic potential using the chicken embryo lethality assay (ELA). The ELA was performed in chicken embryos with challenges at both 12 days and 16 days of incubation to determine whether the 16-day-old embryos were better able to fight the infection and subsequent disease and also to determine whether the ELA could distinguish between primary and secondary avian Escherichia coli pathogens. After screening 33 isolates from the 21 fecal samples, only two E. coli isolates were identified. The predominant genus and species of bacterium identified was Pantoea agglomerans. Collectively, 12 of the 33 isolates (36%) exhibited no resistance to any antimicrobial tested. However, several multidrug-resistant isolates of varying genera were identified. Among the antimicrobial resistances observed, the most common was to ampicillin (60%), followed by cephalothin (33%). Neither E. coli isolate belonged to serogroups that are notorious for causing major outbreaks of colibacillosis in poultry, and only one E. coli isolate retained resistance to any antibiotics; nevertheless, the ELA results indicate that at least one of these E. coli may be a primary pathogen of chickens. This study demonstrates that antibiotic resistance occurs in the gut flora of natural populations of YHB despite the absence of antibiotic pressure. In addition, these results indicate that YHB will harbor E. coli isolates that are potentially pathogenic in poultry. However, these E. coli isolates are not a significant reservoir for multiple antibiotic resistances nor are they widespread in the population of YHB surveyed in North Dakota.  相似文献   

7.
本研究旨在了解广东省零售市场鸡肉中肯塔基沙门菌的流行情况、耐药水平与耐药基因携带情况。对2016年从广东省五个地级市采集的鸡肉样品进行沙门菌分离鉴定、血清型鉴定、药敏试验、耐药基因的检测和分子分型。结果显示，245份鸡肉样品中沙门菌阳性率为62.04%（152/245），共鉴定出19种血清型，其中主要血清型有阿贡纳（Salmonella Agona，29/152，19.08%）、科瓦利斯（S.Corvallis，25/152，16.45%）以及肯塔基（S.Kentucky，20/152，13.16%）。肯塔基沙门菌药敏试验结果显示对磺胺异噁唑（100%）、萘啶酸（90%）、四环素（75%）、氨苄西林（65%）、头孢他啶（55%）、环丙沙星（55%）的耐药率较高，有85%（17/20）的菌株对3种及3种以上的抗菌药物耐药。对喹诺酮耐药基因的检测结果显示，95%（19/20）的菌株具有gyrA突变（Ser83Phe、Asp87Asn、Asp87Gly），其中有57.89%（11/19）的菌株发生gyrA双突变（Ser83Phe与Asp87Asr、Ser83Phe与Asp87Gly），5.26%（1/19）发生gyrA三突变（Ser83Phe、Asp87Asn、Asp87Gly）；100%（20/20）的菌株具有parC突变（Tyr62Ser、Ser85Ile）。45%（9/20）分离株携带质粒介导的喹诺酮抗性（PMQR）基因（aac（6'）-Ib-cr、qnrB、qnrS、oqxAB），最常见的是aac（6'）-Ib-cr耐药基因。β-内酰胺类耐药基因blaTEM-1、blaOXA-1和blaCTX-M-55的检出率分别为25%、10%和5%。PFGE图谱的聚类分析结果显示，肯塔基沙门菌之间具有不同的亲缘关系与遗传多样性，部分菌株具有高度同源性。肯塔基沙门菌在广东省零售市场鸡肉中是主要的流行血清型之一。其对传统药物磺胺异噁唑、萘啶酸、四环素和氨苄西林耐药较严重，对环丙沙星以及头孢他啶耐药尤其严重，具有多种多重耐药表型。肯塔基沙门菌其喹诺酮耐药决定区突变率高。分子分型揭示了菌株间跨地区传播的可能，为肯塔基沙门菌溯源提供一定的依据。  相似文献   

8.
为分析广东地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性及其系统进化背景,试验于2011年从患病猪分离出264株大肠杆菌,包括粪便源131株和肝源133株,采用琼脂稀释法测定18种抗菌药物的敏感性,多重PCR法确定系统进化关系,并对不同来源菌株的耐药性和系统进化背景进行分析比较。结果发现,大肠杆菌多重耐药现象严重,共存在128种耐药谱型。分离菌株对氨苄西林、复方新诺明、萘啶酸和四环素高度耐药,对黏菌素、头孢他啶和阿米卡星较敏感。种群进化分析结果表明,分离菌株主要分布在共生型的A组和B1组（91.66%）,且不同来源菌株的种群进化分布差异不显著(P＞0.05)。结合药敏试验结果发现,不同进化组别的分离菌株对特定抗菌药物的耐药性存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。通过对大肠杆菌耐药性及其系统发育群进行综合分析,为兽医临床用药提供依据。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在了解屠宰前鸡、猪源食品动物体内大肠杆菌耐药情况,分析潜在的食品安全问题。从广州市畜禽交易市场随机采集待屠宰鸡和猪的粪便样品,分离鉴定大肠杆菌,并采用琼脂稀释法检测大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,从658份猪源样品和133份鸡源样品中共分离鉴定出731株大肠杆菌,其中猪源606株,鸡源125株。药敏试验结果显示,731株大肠杆菌均表现出不同程度的耐药,耐药谱广且多重耐药现象严重。对复方新诺明和四环素的耐药率为90.0%以上,仅对头孢西丁、黏菌素和阿米卡星较敏感(耐药率均低于3%)。鸡源大肠杆菌对头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、新霉素、阿米卡星、萘啶酸和环丙沙星的耐药率显著高于猪源大肠杆菌(P＜0.05)。鸡源大肠杆菌中3耐及3耐以上的菌株占97.60%,猪源大肠杆菌占94.72%。结果表明,屠宰前畜禽体内大肠杆菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性非常严重,以多重耐药为主,且耐药谱丰富多样。提示屠宰前畜禽携带的耐药菌对食品安全和人类健康存在较大的安全隐患。  相似文献   

10.
The current study aimed at determining the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. infecting broiler chickens. A total of 240 caecal samples from six slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was detected in 40.4% (97/240) of the samples and C. coli in 12.1% (29/240). The agar disc diffusion method and the E-test were used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. C. jejuni isolates were most resistant to nalidixic acid (79.4%) followed by tetracycline (76.3%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%) and enrofloxacin (15.5%). Among the C. coli isolates, the frequency of resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was the same at 65.5%. The predominant profiles of multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobials in C. jejuni and C. coli were determined as tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin resistance (48.5%) and tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin resistance (51.7%), respectively. To prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of animal origin to humans, it should be noted that high proportions of multidrug resistance were found in both species.  相似文献   

11.
Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, susceptibility to 26 antimicrobial agents used in veterinary and human medicine, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes of Escherichia coli isolated from cows with mastitis were evaluated. Among 135 E. coli isolates, PFGE analysis revealed 85 different genetic patterns. All E. coli were resistant to two or more antimicrobials in different combinations. Most E. coli were resistant to antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine including ampicillin (98.4%, >or=32 microg/ml) and many E. coli were resistant to streptomycin (40.3%, >or=64 microg/ml), sulfisoxazole (34.1%, >or=512 microg/ml), and tetracycline (24.8%, >or=16 microg/ml). Most E. coli were resistant to antimicrobials used in human medicine including aztreonam (97.7%, >or=32 microg/ml) and cefaclor (89.9%, >or=32 microg/ml). Some E. coli were resistant to nitrofurantoin (38%, >or=128 microg/ml), cefuroxime (22.5%, >or=32 microg/ml), fosfomycin (17.8%, >or=256 microg/ml). All E. coli were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cinoxacin. Almost 97% (123 of 127) of ampicillin-resistant isolates carried ampC. Eleven of 52 (21.2%) streptomycin-resistant isolates carried strA, strB and aadA together and 29 streptomycin-resistant isolates (55.8%) carried aadA alone. Among 44 sulfisoxazole-resistant E. coli, 1 isolate (2.3%) carried both sulI and sulII, 12 (27.3%) carried sulI and 10 (22.7%) isolates carried sulII. Among 32 tetracycline-resistant isolates, 14 (43.8%) carried both tetA and tetC and 14 (43.8%) carried tetC. Results of this study demonstrated that E. coli from cows with mastitis were genotypically different, multidrug resistant and carried multiple resistance genes. These bacteria can be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes and can play a role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes to other pathogenic and commensal bacteria in the dairy farm environment.  相似文献   

12.
Escherichia coli (n = 1439), isolated from the feces of apparently healthy grow-finish pigs in 20 herds in Alberta and Saskatchewan, were tested for susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin and less than 1% was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, and nalidixic acid. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (66.8%), sulfamethoxazole (46.0%) and streptomycin (33.4%). Twenty-one percent of the isolates were susceptible to all drugs, while 57% were resistant to 2 or more antimicrobials. Unconditional associations between resistances provided insight into the potential for co-selection. Every resistance-outcome was associated with at least 2 other drug-resistances. These associations illustrate the propensity for resistance phenotypes to occur together and the importance of considering co-selection in antimicrobial use decisions. A 2nd analysis explored the associations between resistance phenotypes in E. coli and Salmonella spp. from the same herd. Only 2 resistances in Salmonella were associated with herd-level E. coli resistance, indicating that E. coli is a poor sentinel for Salmonella AMR within herds. Herd-level management, including antimicrobial use, could affect antimicrobial resistance. The intra-class correlation between isolates within herds ranged from 0.1 to 0.46, which confirmed resistance clustered within herds. This suggests herd-level interventions might mitigate antimicrobial resistance. Overall, these results reflect the on-farm selection pressure for resistance and the potential food-safety risk from near-market animals. These data provide a baseline for comparisons with future on-farm monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli.  相似文献   

13.

  1. Forty-two enrofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from eggs and first-week mortality associated with yolk sac infection of two vertically integrated poultry companies of Central Mexico in 1997 and 2005 were characterised.

  2. E. coli resistance to 19 antibiotics was determined, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (broth dilution) for ciprofloxacin. The presence of gyrA,B, parC,E chromosomal point mutations, qnrA,B,S plasmid genes and the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(6?)-Ib-cr were determined by PCR and sequencing.

  3. Resistance to ampicillin (95%), piperacillin (95%), gatifloxacin (95%), levofloxacin (95%), ampicillin/sulbactam (90%), cefazolin (85%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (80%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80%), aztreonam (80%), cefepime (80%), cefotaxime (80%), ceftazidime (80%), ceftriaxone (80%) and cefoxitin (75%) was high in the 2005 strains and 19 (95%) strains were resistant to 7 or more antimicrobials. The strains from 1997 expressed high rates of resistance only to the fluoroquinolones and 4 strains (18%) expressed resistance to 7 or more antimicrobials.

  4. All strains had a gyrA mutation (Ser83Leu) and a parC mutation (Ser80Ile or Ser80Arg) and 41 (97.6%) strains had a second gyrA mutation (Asp87Asn, Asp87Tyr or Asp87Gly). Only two (4.7%) strains had a parE mutation (Ser458Ala). A total of 10 strains were positive for the aac(6?)-Ib wild-type gene, 6 strains for the aac(6?)-Ib-cr variant and 6 strains possessed both the wild type and the variant. No gyrB mutations or qnrA,B,S genes were detected.

  5. This is the first report in Latin America of chromosomal and plasmid quinolone resistance genes in E. coli strains recovered from poultry.

  相似文献   

14.
Although the dog breeding industry is common in many countries, the presence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria among pups in kennels has been infrequently investigated. This study was conducted to better understand the epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from kennel pups not treated with antimicrobials. We investigated susceptibilities to 11 antimicrobials, and prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in 86 faecal E. coli isolates from 43 pups in two kennels. Genetic relatedness among all isolates was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Susceptibility tests revealed that 76% of the isolates were resistant to one or more of tested antimicrobials, with resistance to dihydrostreptomycin most frequently encountered (66.3%) followed by ampicillin (60.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (41.9%), oxytetracycline (26.7%), and chloramphenicol (26.7%). Multidrug resistance, defined as resistance against two or more classes of antimicrobials, was observed in 52 (60.5%) isolates. Three pups in one kennel harboured SHV-12 ESBL-producing isolates. A comparison between the two kennels showed that frequencies of resistance against seven antimicrobials and the variation in resistant phenotypes differed significantly. Analysis by PFGE revealed that clone sharing rates among pups of the same litters were not significantly different in both kennels (64.0% vs. 88.9%), whereas the rates among pups from different litters were significantly different between the two kennels (72.0% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.05). The pups in the two kennels had antimicrobial-resistant E. coli clones, including multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing clones. It is likely that resistant and susceptible bacteria can clonally spread among the same and/or different litters thus affecting the resistance prevalence.  相似文献   

15.
为了解种鹅致病性大肠杆菌病的病原及其药物敏感性,2012年从广东地区患病种鹅器官和粪便中分离鉴定了62株大肠杆菌,采用琼脂稀释法测定了大肠杆菌对17种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果发现大肠杆菌耐药性严重,对大部分药物的耐药率超过60.0%,仅对头孢西丁、头孢他啶和黏菌素较敏感。联合药敏试验结果显示多西环素和氟苯尼考联用对耐药大肠杆菌产生协同抑菌作用,FIC指数为0.375～0.75。采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）法对24株大肠杆菌进行分型,结果分为17种不同的PFGE型别。大肠杆菌系统进化分群结果显示43.5%属于系统进化组群的D组,其次是A组和B1组,分别为34.8%和21.7%,B2组未检测到。通过对种鹅大肠杆菌耐药性、PFGE分型及其系统发育群进行综合分析,为临床用药提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

16.
The aim of this study were to detect the gyrA, parC and marR mutations and qnr genes (qnrA, qnrB and qnrS) in 120 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from animals. European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests, respectively, were used to determine fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance, and molecular methods were used to detect the mutations and the genes. E coli isolates with an MIC of ≥8 mg/l had mutation at Ser-80 in parC in addition to mutations at Ser-83, Asp-87 or both in gyrA. The nucleotide change was detected in marR (Ser-3?→?Asn, Ala-53?→?Glu, Gly-103?→?Ser, Tyr-137?→?His). Only four E coli isolates (3.3 per cent) contained qnrA and qnrS, and qnrB was not detected. Two E coli isolates from healthy calves also contained qnrA and qnrS. The MICs of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin for qnr-containing E coli isolates ranged from 32 mg/l to 256 mg/l. The results of this study indicated that the FQ-resistant E coli isolates presented an alteration in gyrA (Ser-83?→?Leu, Asp-87?→?Asn) and parC (Ser-80?→?Ile) with high MICs (8-256 mg/l), and there was a low prevalence of qnr genes among E coli isolated from animals.  相似文献   

17.
Forty-nine avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from different outbreak cases of septicemia (24), swollen head syndrome (14) and omphalitis (11), and 20 strains isolated from poultry with no signs of the mentioned illnesses, for a total of 69 strains, were typed by isoenzyme profile and ribotyping analysis by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Isoenzyme analysis discriminated better among strains (0-0.07 degree of genetic dissimilarity) than ribotyping analysis (0- 0.02 degree of genetic dissimilarity). The enzyme profiles of the E. coli isolates allowed the identification of 33 clones that were organized into six main clusters (A-F). Cluster A comprised 87% of the pathogenic strains and had no commensal strains, while commensal strains were assigned to clusters B-F. The ribotyping analysis resulted in a more heterogenous distribution of strains but most of those that cause the same type of infection were kept close together. Taken as a whole, these results demonstrate that pathogenic clones are more similar to one another when compared with commensal strains and suggest a correlation between the genetic background and the pathogenic characteristics of avian pathogenic E. coli strains.  相似文献   

18.
为调查山东省禽源致病性大肠杆菌流行的血清型及耐药性,从山东部分地区的45家养禽场分离到致病性大肠杆菌96株,应用微量平板凝集试验进行了血清型鉴定,共鉴定出18种血清型,其中优势血清型6种,分别为O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O88,占定型致病性菌株的64％。抗菌药物敏感性试验发现,96株大肠杆菌对20种药物有不同程度的耐药性。75％以上的菌株对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、土霉素等5种抗菌药耐药,50％以上的菌株对卡那霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星等7种抗菌药表现为耐药;所有分离株存在多重耐药现象,75％的受检菌对9种或9种以上的被测药物耐药。结果表明,O78、O2、O15、O18、O143、O886种血清型是山东省部分地区近年来禽源致病性大肠杆菌的优势血清型,且禽源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药现象严重,有必要加强耐药性检测,以指导兽医临床合理使用抗菌药物。  相似文献   

19.
为了解鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性变化和钝化酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西、河南、河北、山西、宁夏和甘肃6省(区)的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定320株致病性大肠埃希菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测分离菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测6种氨基糖苷类钝化酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为53.4%、49.3%、37.5%、34.7%、22.8%和5.3%,对妥布霉素和卡那霉素耐药率呈上升趋势,而对庆大霉素的耐药率虽呈下降趋势,但仍维持在40%以上。3重以上耐药菌株占80%(256/320)。氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅰ和aac(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为50.9%、25.9%和3.1%,未检测到aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(3′′)-Ⅰ和aph(3′)-Ⅱ基因。研究表明,分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主,且对妥布霉素和卡那霉素的耐药性不断上升。耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ和aph(3′)-Ⅰ的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。  相似文献   

20.
Quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of Gyrase A gene was sequenced in 54 Salmonella strains of pig origin that have different quinolone-resistance patterns. Those strains accounted for 12 different serotypes. Mutations at Ser83 or Asp87 were predominant in the studied isolates. However, for serotypes Anatum and Virchow, resistance to quinolones seemed to be linked to specific mutations, namely, Ser83-->Tyr and Ser83-->Phe, respectively. Other mutations found in different positions did not seem to have clinical significance except for changes at Asp82.  相似文献   

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