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1.
采用PCR扩增了6个中国牛种共101个样本的MSTN基因外显子2的编码区,序列分析显示,MSTN基因外显子2编码区含372个碱基对,在所检测样本中,存在10个核苷酸多态位点,定义了7种单倍型,雷琼牛、蒙古牛、独龙牛与巴音郭楞牦牛享有共同的单倍型;MSNT基因外显子2在6个牛种中多态性较丰富。结果表明:两水牛与牛属群体间分化明显;牛属群体中牦牛独自聚成一类;大额牛存在一个独立分支;雷琼牛与一部分独龙牛、大部分蒙古牛和瘤牛聚成一支,说明蒙古牛、雷琼牛、独龙牛种间存在着基因交流。牦牛与普通牛、瘤牛的分化较明显,亲缘关系较远;研究证实了水牛的属分类地位,一定程度上支持牦牛及大额牛划为牛亚科中单独的一个属。 相似文献
2.
采用PCR产物直接双向测序法,分段扩增普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛和亚洲水牛共5个牛种的GH基因,并拼接成编码区全序列,分析中国牛亚科家畜不同牛种GH基因编码区序列变异及其分子进化特征。结果表明,牛GH基因编码区序列全长654bp,种间核苷酸突变率在0．1％～1．84％。5个牛种编码区序列定义了10种单倍型,瘤牛的单倍型多样性最高,大额牛和水牛均无单倍型多样性。GH基因编码区序列的密码子使用存在偏倚性,共发现了25个偏好性密码子。核苷酸的替代以转换为主,转换明显高于颠换,转换／颠换比为3．0。非同义突变位点远远少于同义突变位点,同义与非同义替代发生的速率比都小于或等于1,表明GH基因编码区序列不受达尔文正选择的影响。以GH基因单倍型序列为基础的分子进化树表明,水牛与普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛间分化很明显;普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛、大额牛间序列分化并不明显,并且它们共同拥有一条相同的祖先核苷酸序列。说明中国牛亚科家畜GH基因编码区序列的变异相当贫乏,并且由于功能的约束表现得相当保守,进化速率相当缓慢。 相似文献
3.
通过PCR方法对18头雷琼牛的MSTN基因进行扩增、测序。编码区序列分析结果表明：雷琼牛MSTN基因比外域瘤牛存在较丰富的多态性,共发现4个突变位点（2个转换,2个颠换）,定义了6种单倍型,群体单倍型多样性较高（0．810±0．057）;分析结果表明：MSTN基因的相关突变的发生可能早于Bos属瘤牛、普通牛、牦牛的分化;在瘤牛种内,我国南方的瘤牛可能是更原始的种群。 相似文献
4.
[目的]克隆BMY牛MSTN基因外显子2的序列,以期分析其遗传变异.[方法]通过对PCR产物进行克隆,比较哺乳动物MSTN基因外显子2之间的同源性,并构建其系统发育关系.[结果]通过PCR扩增,对PCR产物克隆得到BMY牛MSTN基因exon 2序列为372 bp编码124个氨基酸残基,牛亚科物种间的核苷酸同源性较高,在98.7％～100.0％之间,BMY牛、瘤牛、牦牛与大额牛079-gayal(Bos frontalis)的氨基酸序列一致,而日本和牛在第89位发生了天冬酰胺(Asn)→丝氨酸(Ser)的突变.构建的牛亚科几个物种之间的系统发育关系表明,含有瘤牛血统的BMY牛与瘤牛、牦牛的关系较近,且大额牛079-gayal与瘤牛的关系也近,推测大额牛在其形成历史中曾经受过瘤牛的基因渐渗.牛亚科物种的牦牛、大额牛、日本和牛、瘤牛与BMY牛聚为一支,而与水牛的关系较远.人与黑猩猩、猕猴聚为明显的一支.[结论]BMY牛MSTN基因外显子2长度为372 bp,系统聚类分析表明BMY牛含有瘤牛血统和典型的瘤牛特征. 相似文献
5.
对雷琼瘤牛18个个体生长激素(GH)基因外显子序列654bp进行分析,发现3个变异位点,定义了5种单倍型;引用巴州牦牛2个个体GH基因同源区序列并结合GenBank中牛属普通牛、其他瘤牛和牦牛3个种群与水牛1个远缘种GH基因外显子序列,分别采用邻接(NJ)法和最大简约(MP)法构建分子系统发育树,得到基本一致的拓扑结构。结果显示,GH基因的分化早于雷琼瘤牛、其他瘤牛、普通牛、牦牛和水牛的分化,瘤牛物种内存在多型现象,GH基因外显子区有着较高的突变率。 相似文献
6.
通过PCR方法对18头雷琼牛的MSTN基因进行扩增、测序.编码区序列分析结果表明:雷琼牛MSTN基因比外域瘤牛存在较丰富的多态性,共发现4个突变位点(2个转换,2个颠换),定义了6种单倍型,群体单倍型多样性较高(0.810±0.057);分析结果表明:MSTN基因的相关突变的发生可能早于Bos属瘤牛、普通牛、牦牛的分化;在瘤牛种内,我国南方的瘤牛可能是更原始的种群. 相似文献
7.
以中心产区典型群随机抽样的方法,采用PCR产物直接测序的方法测定了18头雷琼牛、19头巴音郭楞州蒙古牛和18头巴音郭楞州牦牛GH基因外显子654 bp核苷酸碱基序列,引用GenBank中牛属普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛以及亚洲水牛GH基因同源区资料,作外类群以最大简约（MP）法与邻接（NJ）法构建分子系统发育树。旨在为探讨牛亚科家畜GH基因变异特点、牦牛跟我国南北黄牛关系的亲疏,以及牛亚科物种进化特征提供部分客观依据,适应进化与分子进化之间的关系提供局部的原始试验根据。结果发现雷琼牛GH基因序列中存在3个变异位点,定义了5种单倍型。在巴音郭楞州蒙古牛GH基因序列中存在2个变异位点,定义了4种单倍型。在巴音郭楞州牦牛GH基因序列中存在2个变异位点,定义了3种单倍型。确认GH基因的分化早于普通牛,瘤牛和牦牛的分化,就GH基因本身而言,牦牛与中国南北黄牛的关系无远近之分。 相似文献
8.
研究通过PCR方法对18头雷琼牛的MSTN基因进行扩增、测序.编码区序列分析结果表明:雷琼牛MsTN基因比外域瘤牛存在更丰富的多态性,共发现4个突变位点(2个转换,2个颠换),定义了6种单倍型,群体单倍型多样性(0.810±0.057)较高.说明MSTN基因的相关突变的发生可能早于瘤牛、普通牛、牦牛的分化;在瘤牛种内,我国南方的瘤牛可能是更原始的种群. 相似文献
9.
以PCR扩增及测序的方法,检测了新疆巴音布鲁克自治区的18头蒙古牛样本的MSTN基因。结果显示：蒙古牛MSTN基因编码区含1128个碱基对,在所检蒙古牛样本中,存在1个核苷酸多态位点,含有两种核苷酸类型（55．6％C和44．4％T）;在该位点上,欧洲牛（T）、瘤牛（C）和牦牛（C）均为单型。说明了蒙古牛与欧洲牛、瘤牛和牦牛起源相似,存在一定的基因分化,但未达属层次的分化水平。 相似文献
10.
对大额牛HSL基因外显子Ⅰ部分序列进行PCR扩增、测序及氨基酸预测,并同其它牛种的资料进行了比对分析,构建了分子系统进化树。结果表明:大额牛其核苷酸序列与牦牛、普通牛、瘤牛、水牛间的同源性分别为99.6%、99.4%、99.2%、97.0%。相应的氨基酸序列大额牛与水牛的同源性为97.6%;与普通牛、瘤牛、牦牛的同源性均为99.4%,仅在第33位有1个氨基酸变异,即大额牛为异亮氨酸,而其它3个牛种均为缬氨酸,这是由该基因片段的第97位碱基发生转换(A←→G)造成的。从分子系统进化树看,瘤牛和普通牛先聚为一类,再依次与牦牛、大额牛、水牛相聚,这与传统的牛种分类结果一致。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
13.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
18.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
19.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
20.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
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