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了解相同饲养条件下恒河猴、食蟹猴中的病毒性肝炎抗体阳性率,为控制病毒性肝炎的传播,提高饲养管理水平与实验动物质量提供依据。用ELISA法,对525份来自两个猴群的血清样本进行了病毒性肝炎(HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV、HEV、HGV、TTV)抗体(IgG、IgM)检测。猴群中病毒性肝炎(HBV、HCV、HDV、HEV、HGV、TTV)抗体(IgG)均为阴性,恒河猴甲型病毒性肝炎(HAV)抗体IgGI、gM阳性率分别为81.9%、0%;食蟹猴分别为91.9%、1.6%。食蟹猴和恒河猴甲型病毒性肝炎感染率高。 相似文献
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为了解国内不同地区猴场猴D型逆转录病毒（simian type D retrovirus,SRV）感染情况,采集广东、云南、海南、广西、河南境内主要猴场的实验猴血清752份,通过ELISA法检测SRV抗体,评估不同猴场感染情况。结果显示：受检样本总阳性率为5.19%,繁殖单元阳性率为16.15%。不同地区猴场实验猴群的感染率存在一定差异,其中云南实验猴感染率最高,样本和繁殖单元阳性率分别为13.50%和46.15%;其次是海南猴场实验猴,样本和繁殖单元阳性率分别为5.00%和17.65%;广东省两家猴场的感染率较低,样本阳性率分别为2.50%和1.00%,繁殖单元阳性率分别为12.90%和5.00%;广西与河南猴场未检出SRV阳性。不同猴种的感染率有明显差异（P＜0.05）,恒河猴样本和繁殖单元阳性率分别为11.64%和35.29%,而食蟹猴分别为2.31%和9.38%。结果表明,SRV在国内人工饲养猴群中感染较普遍,部分地区感染较为严重,尤其是恒河猴,应采取措施加强对猴场SRV流行的控制。 相似文献
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目的:了解人工饲养环境条件下恒河猴、食蟹猴氨基酸和微量元素含量的基础值,为保障恒河猴、食蟹猴的饲养品质提供基础数据。方法:分别采集24只(雌雄各半)成年的恒河猴、食蟹猴被毛,测定其氨基酸及微量元素的含量,并进行比较分析。结果:毛发中丙氨酸(ALA)和铜的含量,食蟹猴组显著高于猕猴组(P0.05);异亮氨酸(ILE)的含量,恒河猴组极显著高于食蟹猴组(P0.01);亮氨酸(LEU)的含量,恒河猴组显著高于食蟹猴组(P0.05);其余氨基酸和微量元素的含量均无显著性差异(P0.05)。不同性别恒河猴、食蟹猴19种氨基酸和5种微量元素均无显著性差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
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正B病毒(B virus,BV)隶属于疱疹病毒科(Herpesviridae)单纯疱疹病毒属(Simplexvirus),以恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)和食蟹猴(M.fascicularis)等为自然宿主。该病毒最初由恒河猴咬伤的病人脑组织中分离获得[1]。B病毒在猴群中常呈隐性感染,感染率在10%~60%,但其感染人后往往引起死亡,即使存活下来也会产生严重的神经后遗症[2],危害甚大。《实验用猴微生物学检测国家标准》中规定B病毒为必检项目,为此选择适用于基 相似文献
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慢性肾病(Chronic kindey disease,CKD)作为高发病率、低防治率的常见疾病之一,目前尚无非人灵长类动物在CKD模型中应用的进展报告。建立CKD模型的非人灵长类动物主要是猕猴属中恒河猴、食蟹猴和豚尾猴3种。从造模方式看,主要采用的方法有诱导性模型和自发性模型两种。诱导型造模可分为药物诱导、免疫诱导、重金属化合物诱导、辐射损伤、生物诱导等不同方法。从肾脏病理改变看,有以肾小球病理改变为主,如猪尾猴疟原虫、牛丙种球蛋白等诱导者;有以肾小管病理改变为主,如氯化镉、顺铂等诱导者;有兼顾肾小球和肾小管损伤,如猴免疫缺陷病毒(SHIV)诱导者。为利用非人灵长类动物进行CKD相关研究提供了方法学汇总,具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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本文采用IFA、ELISA和HI等血清学方法对来自广西各地的84份恒河猴血清分别作了猴艾滋病病毒、猴麻疹病毒、猴B病毒及猴痘病毒的抗体检测。在84份血清中未检测到D型逆转录病毒(猴艾滋病毒)的抗体;猴痘病毒的抗体阳性率为21.4%;B病毒抗体阳性率为19%;麻疹病毒抗体阳性猴仅在新来猴群中出现,其阳性率为23.3%;9.5%的猴子同时出现两种病毒抗体阳性;各地区猴群阳性率有差异, 相似文献
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历年的数据表明,剖检病变出现频率最高的组织器官是肺脏32.05%、其次是肠道16.29%、胃部4.4%、肠道寄生虫2.19%,预示腹泻（痢疾）、肺炎是灵长类的高发病。广州地区的肠道病变集中于春夏季,肺脏病变则呈全年性高发,可能与继发性感染有关。灵长类疾病主要高峰发生于3～4月、9月下旬至12月2个时期,这与恒河猴及食蟹猴的发情、产仔高峰季节相重叠,为提高饲养水平,作者试图对调整季节饲养管理措施进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Joy A Vogelnest L Middleton DJ Dale CJ Campagna D Purcell DF Kent SJ 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(6):406-408
A number of monkey species, including African green monkeys and African vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), are frequently infected in the wild and in captivity with a Simian immunodeficiency virus strain, SIVagm, a primate lentivirus. Up to 50% of African green monkeys are estimated to be infected with SIVagm. SIV strains are very closely related to HIV-2 strains, which are a cause of AIDS in humans, predominantly in western Africa, although cases in Australia have also been reported. It is generally thought that SIV is non-pathogenic in several natural hosts, including African green monkeys. Nevertheless many SIV strains induce a profound immunodeficiency virtually identical to HIV-1 induced AIDS in humans when administered to Asian macaque species such as rhesus (Macaca mulatta) or pigtailed macaques (M nemestrina). SIV infection of Asian macaque species is frequently employed as an animal model for AIDS vaccine studies. In November 1996 a group of 10 African vervet monkeys were imported from the USA for display at Victoria's Open Range Zoo in Werribee. Two animals in this group of monkeys later developed a fatal gastroenteric illness. These diagnoses led us to initiate SIV testing of the colony. 相似文献
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Huang Y Yang Z Putaporntip C Miao M Wei H Zou C Jongwutiwes S Cui L 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(1):9-15
Southeast Asian macaques are hosts of a number of Plasmodium infections, some of which are transmittable to humans. During examination of blood films of five wild-caught long-tailed macaques Macaca fascicularis from South China, malaria infection was detected in one of the monkeys. In order to isolate this parasite for identification and characterization, we experimentally passed this parasite through both Assamese (M. assamensis) and rhesus (M. mulatta) monkeys by intravenous injection of infected blood. This parasite morphologically resembled Plasmodium inui, and had a typical 72 h quartan periodicity. This parasite was infective to Anopheles dirus mosquitoes, and salivary gland sporozoites appeared 13 days post feeding. Feeding by 20 infected An. dirus mosquitoes on another Assamese monkey produced infection with a prepatent period of 8 days. Molecular analysis of the small subunit rRNA genes and the mitochondrial genome confirmed this parasite as an isolate of P. inui. In spleen-intact macaques, the infection had a protracted duration with parasites being detected during the rearing of the infected monkeys for over two years. In summary, this study identified a P. inui isolate and successfully passed this parasite through Assamese monkeys by both intravenous inoculation and mosquito transmission. 相似文献
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L Stipkovits A N Marantidi E K Dzikidze R I Krylova V Csüt?rt?ki 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(2):125-134
Seven male Macaca nemestrina, eight male Macaca mulatta and three male Papio hamadrias were infected with M. hominis or U. urealyticum separately or simultaneously into the urethra. Animals of the first two species exhibited moderate infection and mild clinical urethritis characterized by increased number of PMNL in the urethral discharge and colonization and lymphocytic infiltration of the mucous membrane of the urethra and urinary bladder. Animals of the third species proved to be less sensitive. 相似文献
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A study was conducted in Chad to estimate the prevalence and the incidence of Trypanosoma vivax infection in herds of cattle from the Lake Chad area. The risk factors associated with disease were also identified. A random sample of 933 cattle from 17 herds was initially selected (January 1999, cold dry season). Cattle were identified by ear-tags and sampled in the rainy season (July 1999) and the cold dry season (January 2000). Each animal sampled was treated with diminazene aceturate (3.5mg/kg). Samples were examined for the presence of T. vivax using an antibody (indirect ELISA) and a parasite detection test (buffy-coat technique, BCT). Standardized questionnaires with information about the host and management practices were collected and evaluated for their association with seroprevalence (model 1) and parasitological prevalence (model 2) as indicator of host susceptibility to T. vivax infection. Risk factors were selected using two approaches: ordinary logistic regression (OLR) and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for within-herd correlation. The apparent prevalence was 1.6% using BCT and 42.3% with indirect ELISA. The true prevalence in the sample was estimated to (2.0%-8.0%) with two assumptions of BCT sensitivity. Overall, 58.8% (BCT) and 100.0% (ELISA) of the herds had a least one-positive animal. In January-July 1999, apparent monthly incidence was calculated at 0.24% in comparison with 0.76% for August 1999-January 2000. The true monthly incidence was estimated at 0.36%-1.43% for the first period and at 0.94%-3.78% for the second period. Risk factors associated with seroprevalence were age, race, a great number of small ruminants in the herd, and latitude and longitude of pasture area in the rainy season. Risk factors associated with BCT prevalence were duration of seasonal migration and longitude of pasture area in the rainy season. In conclusion, T. vivax is present and widely disseminated in the cattle herds of tse-tse free area of Lake Chad. Farm-level factors, particularly seasonal migration, should be considered as the main risk factors for infection and to host susceptibility to the parasite. 相似文献
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Santos RL Almeida AP Xavier MN Paixão TA Wilson RP Dandekar S Raffatellu M Bäumler AJ 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(5):933-941
The goal of this study was to morphologically characterize a ligated ileal loop model of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium infection in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and to verify the occurrence of Salmonella-induced cell death in vivo. Eight adult healthy male rhesus macaques were used for ligated ileal loop surgery. Four macaques had been intravenously inoculated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mac251. Ileal ligated loops were inoculated with wild-type (WT) S. Typhimurium strain IR715 (ATCC14028 nal (r)), an isogenic noninvasive mutant strain (ATCC14028 nal (r) ΔsipAΔsopABDE2), or sterile Luria Bertani broth. Loops were surgically removed at 2, 5, and 8 hours post-inoculation (hpi). Intestinal samples were processed for histopathology, immunohistochemistry for detecting Salmonella, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), and transmission electron microscopy. Combined histopathology scores were similar between SIV-infected and control macaques. As expected, the invasion-deficient mutant was less pathogenic than WT S. Typhimurium. Neutrophil infiltrate in the intestinal mucosa correlated with bacterial loads (r = 0.7148; P < .0001) and fluid accumulation (r = 0.6019; P < .0001) in the lumen of the intestinal loops. Immunolabeled WT S. Typhimurium was observed in the epithelium and lamina propria at the tip of the villi at 2 hpi, progressing toward deeper lamina propria at 5-8 hpi. Most TUNEL-positive cells localized to the lamina propria, and some had morphological features of macrophages. Ultrastructurally, bacteria were observed intracellularly in the lamina propria as well as within apoptotic bodies. This study provides morphological evidence of Salmonella-induced cell death in vivo in a relevant nonhuman primate model. 相似文献
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Timothy A Georoff Priscilla H Joyner John P Hoover Mark E Payton Roman M Pogranichniy 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2008,39(3):335-341
Laboratory records of serology results from captive macropodidae sampled between 1997 and 2005 were reviewed to assess the seroprevalence of retrovirus exposure. Serum samples from 269 individuals (136 males, 133 females) representing 10 species of macropods housed in 31 North American captive collections were analyzed for retrovirus antibody using an indirect immunofluorescent assay. The prevalence of positive antibody titers comparing male versus female, between species, between age groups, and among animals with identified parentage was examined by nonparametric statistical analyses. Median age of animals at time of sample collection was 36 mo (range 2-201 mo). Total percentage seropositive was 20.4%. Serum antibody was detected in 31 of 47 (66.0%) tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), nine of 24 (37.5%) yellow-footed rock wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus), four of 11 (36.4%) swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), 10 of 80 (12.5%) red-necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus), and one of 54 (1.9%) parma wallaby (Macropus parma). No individuals of western gray kangaroo (n=3) (Macropus fuliginosus), eastern gray kangaroo (n=19) (Macropus giganteus), common wallaroo (n=6) (Macropus robustus), red kangaroo (n=11) (Macropus rufus), or Matschie's tree kangaroo (n=14) (Dendrolagus matschiei) were positive for retrovirus antibody. These results demonstrate that five species of captive macropods have a history of exposure to retrovirus, with the highest percentage seropositive and highest statistical correlation in M. eugenii (pair-wise Fisher's exact test, alpha = 0.05). Additionally, one wild-caught M. eugenii was confirmed seropositive during quarantine period, indicating that retrovirus exposure may exist in wild populations. 相似文献
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Thiangtum K Nimsuphun B Pinyopanuwat N Chimnoi W Tunwattana W Tongthainan D Jittapalapong S Rukkwamsuk T Maruyama S 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,136(3-4):351-355
The prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii was investigated by commercial latex agglutination test kit (Toxocheck-MT 'Eiken') in captive felids maintained at zoos and a wildlife breeding center in different geographic regions of Thailand. Sera from a total of 136 captive felids of 12 species was obtained between 2002 and 2004. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was found in 21 of 136 (15.4%) felids. The titers varied from 1:64 (eight samples) to 1:8192 (one sample). The seroprevalence in different geographic regions were from 0% in the northern area to 23% in the southern area. This study suggested a widespread exposure of captive felids to T. gondii in Thailand and this is the first report of serologic analysis for T. gondii in captive felids in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
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Alfonso R Romero RE Diaz A Calderon MN Urdaneta G Arce J Patarroyo ME Patarroyo MA 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,98(3-4):285-295
The presence of several Mycobacterium species was determined in 68 New World monkeys kept captive in the Cali Zoo. One hundred and thirty-three gastric lavage and blood samples were evaluated for mycobacterial presence by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining, culture and PCR amplification of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mtp40 species-specific gene. Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT) were identified by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Different species of mycobacteria were detected in 65% of the primate population studied by Alpha Antigen PCR. Eleven percent were positive for Mtp40 PCR amplification, being diagnosed as having M. tuberculosis, and acid-fast bacilli were observed in 23% by ZN staining. MOTT were isolated from samples taken from 37 primates by culturing; according to the RFLP analysis, three strains were classified as belonging to the MAISS complex (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum-simiae) and eight more, isolated from soil inside the cages, were categorized as environmental contaminants. Mycobacterium spp. were detected in 13 different New World primate species showing that PCR amplification of the Mtp40 gene is a better tool than culture for M. tuberculosis detection in captive animals and that RFLP is a useful technique for MOTT identification. 相似文献
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Swai ES Mtui PF Chang'a AK Machange GE 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2008,79(2):71-75
Serum samples collected in a cross-sectional survey of grazing cattle on Manyara Ranch, Monduli district, Tanzania, were tested by indirect major antigenic protein 1 fragment B (MAP 1-B) ELISA to determine the seroprevalence of Ehrlichia ruminantium and to assess ranch-level risk factors for heartwater. Heartwater-exposed cattle were widespread on the ranch and overall seroprevalence was 50.3% (95% CI, 44.9-55.6), enough to indicate an endemically unstable situation. Multivariate logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors associated with seropositivity. Two factors appeared to increase the herd's risk for contracting heartwater. Seroprevalence increased significantly with age (beta = 0.19 per year of age, P < 0.001) and animals carrying ticks of any species were associated with an increased risk of infection with E. ruminantium (Odds ratio, OR = 3.3, P < 0.001). The force of infection based on the age seroprevalence profile was estimated at 18 per 100 cattle year-risk. The current tick control measures on the ranch were associated with a decreased risk of infection with E. ruminantium (OR = 0.25 for no dipping and OR = 0.31 for low dipping, P < 0.001). Six tick species were identified; in order of frequency these were: Ambylomma variegatum 59.9%, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi 13.9%, Rhipicephalus pulchellus 12.5%, Hyalomma truncatum 7.03% and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus 6.07%. The least encountered tick was Rhipicephalus simus, which accounted for 0.38%. The cattle seemed well adapted to their environment and capable of resisting the tick burden under this extensive wildlife/livestock grazing and interaction system. 相似文献
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We studied the feeding ecology of 3 sympatric primate species, the lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus), bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) and Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus), in a tropical rain forest of the Central Western Ghats, India. Since the availability of leaves is much higher than that of fruits, we expected that the primarily folivorous langurs would use a larger number of resources than the primarily frugivorous macaques. Since fruits are a relatively total resource, unlike leaves, of which only selected parts are consumed, we expected that the primarily frugivorous macaques would use resources more proportionately than the folivorous langurs, resulting in a wider food niche breadth in macaques. We collected data on these primate species over a period of 2 years using scan sampling in a contiguous rain forest. We calculated Levin's standardised food niche breadth for each species. Langurs used a larger number of tree species than macaques, but their niche breadth was narrower than that of macaques. The majority of their diet (over 50%) came from only a few trees in the case of all three primate species. Long-term data are provided herein for the first time on the feeding ecology of bonnet macaques and Hanuman langurs in a tropical rain forest. 相似文献