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1.
[目的]构建一个科学合理的护坡植被系统稳定性评价模型对备选护坡植被系统的稳定性进行评价,为边坡生态重建方案的选取提供参考依据。[方法]运用分层递阶的分析方法,综合边坡和植被两方面主要因素,选取岩石质量指标、岩体完整性系数、群落覆盖度、景观优美度等重要指标,构建了护坡植被系统稳定性评价指标体系。然后,运用信息熵法对各评价指标进行赋权并运用相对熵排序法计算备选方案相对贴近度,从而构建了基于熵权与相对熵排序法的护坡植被系统优选模型。最后,运用该模型对某山区高速公路边坡生态恢复建设中的4种备选用的护坡植被系统进行评价。[结果]4种备选用植被系统的优越度分别为1.90%,5.37%,2.98%和99.99%,第4种护坡植被系统[3种植物混种,其中白三叶∶狗牙根=1∶3,且草本植物∶灌木植物(多花木兰)=1∶5]最优,该优选结果与基于模糊物元法的优选结果以及工程实践结果相一致。[结论]该模型有效可行,可以用于指导工程实践。 相似文献
2.
植物护坡工程质量的等级评价研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在国内外边坡生态恢复工程及评价理论研究的基础上,以结构稳定和功能持续为导向,结合系统工程理论与植物护坡工程质量特征,建立了以力学、植被及基质3大类评价指标为主体的植物护坡工程质量评价指标体系.通过层次分析法确定各指标权重及排序,并以灰色系统理论为依据,构建递阶多层次灰色综合评价模型,用于四川省彭州市升平镇人工边坡3类不同工程措施植物护坡工程(种子格栅、植物网、喷播植草)的实例评价.评价结果显示,3类植物护坡工程措施质量等级均为良以上,且喷播植草植物护坡工程措施优于种子格栅、植生网,符合实际情况,说明构建的评价体系及质量等级划分方法科学可行,能比较客观准确地反映植物护坡工程系统的质量状况与等级,具有较强的实用价值. 相似文献
3.
[目的]验证湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术的先进性与实用性,为工程边坡生态防护提供参考。[方法]将湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术应用于湖北省鄂州市花马湖水系连通渠护坡工程,现场观测了护坡和水土保持效果、植物盖度、植株密度、植物平均高度以及物种多样性指标。[结果]湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术能促使边坡稳定。所用基材能较好地附着于坡面,未出现冲沟和滑塌,水土保持较好,成功解决了基材可喷射性和坡面附着性之间的根本矛盾;1个月后坡面整体植被覆盖率达到90%以上;缓坡区的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数与陡坡区均较为接近,但与自然边坡存在差异;湿喷综合成本比干喷节约5%～15%。[结论]湿喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术作为干喷植被混凝土生态护坡技术的升级版,具备显著的先进性,能用于工程边坡的生态防护。 相似文献
4.
基于模糊层次-主成分分析法的城市河道生态护坡综合评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]探讨城市河道生态护坡综合评价方法,为城市河道建设提供理论依据。[方法]从护坡安全性、生态环境性、景观适宜性和社会经济效益4个方面构建城市河道生态护坡综合评价指标体系,采用模糊层次—主成分分析综合评价方法。[结果]合肥市四里河、南淝河和十五里河3种生态护坡综合评价值分别为:多孔生态砖护坡1.57,生态混凝土护坡-2.39,生态砌块直立挡墙为0.82,多孔生态砖护坡评价结果较好。影响生态护坡综合评价的主要因素有结构稳定性、生物多样性、水环境修复、亲水性和公众认可度;评价结果与模糊层次分析法及主成分分析法评价结果一致。[结论]模糊层次—主成分分析法具有较好的适用性和合理性,易于确定影响生态护坡的主要因素,可作为城市河道生态护坡综合评价方法。 相似文献
5.
乡村河道生态护坡评价方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[目的]探讨乡村河道生态护坡的评价方法,为提高新农村建设中乡村河道生态综合治理水平提供支持。[方法]从生态护坡成本、施工材料、对基本水利功能影响、生态功能和社会景观功能等5个方面系统地构建平原、丘陵和山区3种乡村河道生态护坡综合评价体系,利用层次分析法确定这3种乡村河道生态护坡指标权重,并运用秩和比法对生态护坡进行评价。[结果]对生态石笼护坡、生态混凝土护坡、植物护坡、木桩护坡、山石护坡、生态砖挡墙和生态袋护坡等7种生态护坡进行选择并在3种不同乡村河道下进行综合评价,确定出生态砖挡墙和植物护坡适用于十五里河中下游河段,其加权秩和比值(WRSR)值分别为0.692 3和0.662 2;生态砖挡墙和生态混凝土护坡适用于慈湖河采石段,其WRSR值分别为0.663 5和0.659 0;生态混凝土护坡和生态石笼护坡适用于九华河上游段,其WRSR分别为0.551 6和0.537 8。[结论]该评价体系的评价结果较为合理,可用于改善和提高乡村河道生态护坡的建设水平。 相似文献
6.
生态护坡是目前国内高速公路边坡防护常用的方法之一。但是,目前对坡面植被恢复效果的评价却没有统一公认的标准。结合国内外已有研究成果,通过调查研究,建立了边坡生态护坡工程效果评价指标体系;该指标体系以土壤—植被系统质量和景观质量为构建主体,并在大类指标内又划分出各自的具有可操作性的亚类指标。评价标准将工程效果分为优、良、中、差4个等级,这些指标较为合理地反映了系统结构与功能的特征与本质。最后结合层次分析法与模糊综合评判方法,将该指标体系用于赤峰—通辽高速公路岩石边坡生态护坡工程不同标段的1个工程边坡效果的应用评价中,评价结果与实际观察情况相吻合,说明该指标体系能比较客观地反映工程效果状况及系统功能的持续能力,具有较强的适用性和可操作性。 相似文献
7.
[目的]对土—砼复合体护坡技术的施工及力学模型进行试验研究,为土石山区坡改梯工程的科学实施提供科学参考。[方法]从边坡破坏机理入手,基于土力学基本原理,提出“以土挡土”的边坡设计概念以及“土—砼复合体”概念设计的基本思路,结合施工试验建立“土—砼复合体”稳定计算力学模型,同时给出中低边坡和中高边坡设计建议。[结果]经过近6 a的施工试验和运行,验证了“以土挡土”边坡稳定设计概念的合理性及“土—砼复合体”临界平衡状态和极限平衡状态两种模型及其配套公式的科学性;与传统石坎边坡相比,“土—砼复合体”护坡技术可以节省材料用量80%以上,提升施工速度5倍以上,初步造价不高于石坎造价。[结论]土—砼复合体护坡可以替代传统石坎护坡,有效缓解施工速度慢与进度要求、石料用量大与环保方面限制采石的矛盾,未来应用前景广阔。 相似文献
8.
王岩 《水土保持应用技术》2019,(3):12-15
根据太子河(含大辽河)大洼段险工治理工程实况以及河道生态护坡设计要求,分别从治理工程建设成本、基本要求以及生态特性与功能等方面利用层次分析法建立评价体系;然后根据态系统与河道环境动态变化特征确定评价期间,并基于动态矩阵模型与灰色关联理论提出生态护坡方案优选分析方法。结果显示:在太子河(含大辽河)大洼段险工治理工程中动态综合评价法表现出较强的科学性与系统性,险工治理工程实际状况与评价结果基本相符,研究结果可为河道生态护坡方案优选以及险工治理提供一定参考与依据。 相似文献
9.
[目的]开展建设用地适宜性评价并进行评价分区方案优选,为完善建设用地适宜性评价方法、优化建设用地空间布局提供参考。[方法]通过构建科学的建设用地适宜性评价指标体系,合理划定适宜性等级,根据适宜性等级的不同组合确定建设用地管制分区供选方案,构造景观生态质量评价模型,开展供选方案的优选。[结果]建设用地适宜性评价结果为6级适宜性等级区,面积分别为6.03,13.83,27.75,45.66,168.24,108.05km2;适宜性分区方案1具有较高的景观生态质量,为方案优选结果。[结论]基于适宜性评价的建设用地管制区方案具有较低的干扰度、较高的稳定度,景观生态质量综合指数较高。通过综合比较,方案1具有较高景观生态质量,它优化了城乡建设用地拓展空间,有利于提高景观生态系统的可持续性。 相似文献
10.
基于Mein-Larson入渗模型的降雨滑坡失稳破坏概率研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]评价降雨诱发浅层滑坡的失稳破坏概率,为相关研究提供理论依据。[方法]在引入并扩展了Mein-Larson降雨入渗模型的基础上,将Mein-Larson入渗模型与无限边坡稳定性方法有机结合,建立2种降雨情形(高强度短历时和低强度长历时)下降雨滑坡稳定性的确定性评价模型,然后再将蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法与降雨滑坡的确定性评价模型结合,建立降雨滑坡稳定性的概率评价方法。[结果]提出了1种降雨诱发浅层滑坡失稳的概率评价方法。[结论]概率评价方法可以描述降雨滑坡发生及发展过程中存在的不确定性,可以计算不同降雨情形下,不同降雨时刻降雨诱发边坡的失稳破坏概率。该方法的评价结果更符合边坡实际情况。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献