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1.
黄土丘陵区典型植被土壤物理性质差异及其对导水特性影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
选取黄土丘陵区12种典型植被样地,通过测定各样地不同土层植物残体生物量、土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度及饱和导水率,研究各指标随土层深度和植被类型的变化规律及其对土壤饱和导水率的影响。结果表明:(1)除容重随土层深度增加外,植物残体、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和饱和导水率均随土层深度减少,其中植物残体大多集中于表层土壤(0—10 cm),占总残体生物量的51.4%～85.7%。(2)不同植被类型其植物残体及土壤物理性质存在显著差异,乔木林地植物残体、农耕地土壤容重、灌木林地非毛管孔隙度及饱和导水率均最大,而毛管孔隙度与不同土地利用类型间无显著差异。(3)饱和导水率随植物残体生物量密度(0—10 cm)和土壤容重呈幂函数减小,随毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度呈幂函数增大;土壤容重(BD)和非毛管孔隙度(NCP)是影响土壤饱和导水率(K_s)的主要因素,且土壤饱和导水率可表示为两者的综合非线性方程(K_s=0.6BD~(-4.717)NCP~(0.203),P0.01,R~2=0.63,NSE=0.50)。此外,沙棘灌木林地平均饱和导水率最大,有利于降雨过程中土壤水分入渗,具有较强的水土保持功能。本研究结果可为黄土高原植被恢复生态水文效益评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
表层土壤体积质量和导水率是影响土壤入渗及水分运动的重要物理参数。该文采用土壤切片技术和数字图像分析技术,分析了蓄水坑灌条件下入渗水头对砂壤土表层土壤体积质量的影响,进行了不同入渗水头、土壤体积质量对砂壤土表层土壤饱和导水率的试验研究,并对蓄水坑侧向水平入渗湿润锋变化的试验结果与数值模拟结果进行对比分析。结果表明：该研究试验条件下（土壤体积质量为1.345 g/cm3）,入渗水头对土壤体积质量和表层土壤饱和导水率有较明显的影响。随着入渗水头的增大,其作用下的表层土壤体积质量趋于增大,土壤结构趋于密实,表层土壤的饱和导水率趋于减小;表层土壤饱和导水率与入渗水头和土壤体积质量之间呈乘幂关系,且表层土壤饱和导水率对土壤体积质量的变化较为敏感,当土壤体积质量达到某一程度时（1.466 g/cm3）,入渗水头对表层土壤饱和导水率的影响甚微。研究成果揭示了入渗水头影响蓄水坑土壤入渗的微观机制,为进一步研究蓄水坑灌法提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为了揭示喀斯特林下经济活动中人为踩踏对土壤入渗特性的影响规律,以喀斯特山地森林内部(未受干扰区域)、森林小径中央、森林小径边缘和裸地为试验样地,基于盘式入渗试验测定不同负压水头下(-0.5,-3,-6,-9 cm)的非饱和导水率(K_9、K_6、K_3、K_(0.5))、饱和导水率K_S、Gardner α常数和水流贡献率。通过原位染色示踪试验分别估算各样地的剖面染色面积比(DC)、均匀渗透深度(UniFr)和优先流百分比(PF-fr),分析了人为踩踏对喀斯特森林土壤优先流特征的影响。结果表明,森林小径中央的K_S(45.800×10~(-3) cm/min)比森林内部(101.000×10~(-3) cm/min)降低55%,Gardner α常数和土体孔隙数量的剧烈减少阐明森林路径中土壤入渗能力减弱的原因;森林小径中央的优先流百分比(71.955%)显著高于森林内部(36.734%),表示人为踩踏活动增强了土壤优先流强度;4种人为踩踏干扰程度下土壤的大孔隙平均水流贡献率均超过95%,喀斯特山地森林土壤水分入渗以大孔隙为主要入渗通道。森林植被覆盖能够有效提升土壤入渗能力和抑制土壤优先流,研究结果为喀斯特林下经济开发过程中的负面清单建立提供了试验依据。 相似文献
4.
露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型持水能力评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用野外调查和室内综合分析,系统研究了露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型的枯落物特征、土壤物理性质、土壤渗透性能和蓄水能力变化,并采用主成分分析对各样地持水能力进行综合评价。结果表明:不同植被类型枯落物的厚度和蓄积量均差异显著(P0.05),乔木林地、灌木林地和荒草地枯落物厚度依次为1.80,1.23,0.83cm,枯落物蓄积量为6.76,2.96,0.58t/hm~2;乔木林地枯落物的持水能力和拦蓄能力最强,显著大于灌木林地和荒草地(P0.05)。各样地土壤容重依次为荒草地灌木林地乔木林地,乔木林地和灌木林地的土壤入渗能力显著高于荒草地(P0.05),初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和渗透总量分别为1.53~4.08mm/min、0.20~1.51mm/min和28~133mL。乔木林地和灌木林地的实际库容大于荒草地,林地水库贮水效率显著高于荒草地(P0.05)。采用主成分分析法评价露天煤矿排土场不同植被类型的持水能力,15个评价指标可优化为3个主成分,累计贡献率为96.832%,各样地持水能力综合得分为乔木林地灌木林地荒草地。从排土场枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力角度,可选择乔木树种(刺槐)作为主要复垦植被。 相似文献
5.
滨海盐渍土原土滴灌水盐调控对土壤水力性质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为研究滨海盐渍土滴灌原土水盐调控不同处理对土壤导水率(K)、土壤孔隙大小分布常数(Gardnerα)、土壤孔隙对水流贡献率等水力性质的影响,在滨海盐渍土上进行滤层及基质势(-5、-10、-15、-20、-25kPa)处理的原土水盐调控试验。用圆盘入渗仪在-15、-6、-3、0cm4个连续增大的负压下进行入渗测定,并计算不同负压下导水率、土壤孔隙大小分布常数、孔隙级别对水流的贡献率。结果表明:经原土水盐调控后,各处理的饱和导水率、土壤孔隙大小分布常数较对照增大,在-6和-15cm水头下的导水率较对照减少,在-3cm水头下的导水率无明显变化规律。滤层处理下土壤的饱和导水率、-6cm水头下的导水率、土壤孔隙大小分布常数较无滤层处理有显著提高;各处理土壤大孔隙对水流的贡献率大于对照处理,中等孔隙2及小孔隙对水流的贡献率小于对照处理。滤层处理是不同级别土壤孔隙对水流贡献率大小的主要影响因素,其中滤层的土壤大孔隙、中等孔隙1对水流的贡献率显著高于无滤层。可见,经原土水盐调控后,土壤饱和导水率、-6cm水头下的导水率、土壤孔隙大小分布常数明显增加,土壤大孔隙增加,小孔隙减少,土壤结构得到改善。 相似文献
6.
4种土壤入渗测定方法的比较 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
入渗是土壤的基本物理性状,与降雨产流、侵蚀、非点源污染等过程密切相关,快速、准确测定土壤入渗速率具有重要的意义。以黄土高原沟壑区安塞水土保持综合试验站大豆地的黄土为测试土壤,利用双环、单环、圆盘入渗仪、Hood入渗仪4种方法测定了土壤入渗性能,并以双环法测定的稳渗速率、Hood仪测定的饱和导水率、单环/双环和圆盘测定的累积入渗量为基础,比较分析了4种方法各自的优劣。结果表明,单环、圆盘、Hood测定的稳渗速率分别为双环的116%,111%和225%,双环、单环、圆盘测定的饱和导水率分别为Hood的65.8%,75.1%和105%,双环、单环、圆盘达到稳渗时间分别为100,80和30min。说明圆盘测得的稳渗速率、饱和导水率最接近标准值,而且省时省力省水,更适合于野外实验。 相似文献
7.
入渗水水质对土壤导水特性影响的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为探究不同入渗水水质对土壤导水特性的影响,采用圆盘负压入渗法进行试验研究,选取两种水质(蒸馏水和自来水)对黄壤和红壤进行4个压力水头(0,-3,-6,-9cm)下的圆盘入渗试验。结果表明,随着入渗水电导率的增大,土壤入渗率、吸渗率及导水率均随之增大,且红壤在不同电导率的入渗水作用下土壤吸渗率的变化差异显著(P0.05)。在低水头压力下,两种水质入渗条件下测得的土壤导水率差异显著(P0.05);在高水头压力下,两种水质入渗下测得土壤导水率差异不显著,表明入渗水水质对土壤导水率的影响主要发生在低压力水头下即在细孔隙下的导水特性上。两种土壤的大孔隙与中等孔隙对水流贡献率随入渗水电导率的增大而增大,而小孔隙对水流贡献率随入渗水电导率的增大而减小,入渗水水质对红壤土不同级别孔隙水流贡献率的影响显著(P0.05)。研究分析相关参数的变化有利于探讨野外试验时入渗水水质对试验结果的影响,对于正确认识农田水文过程、开发利用劣质水资源、提高农业灌溉灌水质量和灌水效率等具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
黄土区坡面尺度不同植被类型土壤饱和导水率 剖面分布及影响因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
土壤饱和导水率(K_s)是影响水、溶质运移过程和水文模型模拟精度的重要参数,了解坡面尺度下不同植被类型K_s的剖面分布与影响因素有助于更好地理解土壤水文过程及其调控机制。本研究通过测定典型黄土区坡面尺度不同植被类型下12个土壤剖面(0～200 cm)的K_s及土壤基本性质,分析了不同坡向间及同一坡向内随植被类型变化土壤K_s的剖面分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:不同植被类型下土壤K_s首先随着土壤深度的增加而减小,而后呈增大趋势。东北坡林地、西坡草地和林地剖面上层(0～20 cm)的平均土壤K_s(K_(s-average))均显著高于剖面下层(20～200 cm)(P0.05)。同一坡向内不同植被类型及不同坡向间相同植被类型0～20 cm土层的K_(s-average)没有显著差异(P0.05);而由于土壤质地和有机质含量的差异,20～200 cm土层的K_(s-average)表现为同一坡向内东北坡草地显著高于林地(P0.05),不同坡向间东北坡草地和林地分别显著高于西坡草地和林地(P0.05)。六道沟小流域不同植被类型下土壤K_s与容重、黏粒含量、粉粒含量呈极显著负相关(P0.001),与毛管孔隙度、饱和含水量、砂粒以及有机质含量(西坡草地除外)呈显著正相关(P0.05)。影响六道沟小流域K_s剖面分布的因素可由土壤持水特性(49.36%)、质地(24.98%)和养分含量(13.92%) 3个主成分贡献。本研究利用多元逐步回归分析获得了以容重、土壤质地和有机质为输入因子的土壤K_s传递函数(R~2=0.60～0.86,P0.001),可为典型黄土区坡面尺度土壤K_s的模拟和预测提供参考。 相似文献
9.
植被群落演替对土壤饱和导水率的影响 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
土壤饱和导水率是表征土壤入渗能力的重要参数,对不同土地利用类型反应敏感。为了揭示植被演替对土壤剖面上饱和导水率的影响规律,采用恒定水头法测定了天童林区155 a植物群落演替序列60 cm深土壤剖面上的饱和导水率。结果表明,不同演替阶段饱和导水率均随土壤深度增加迅速降低,在0～20 cm土层内,各演替阶段饱和导水率均存在极显著差异,0～60 cm土层内饱和导水率的平均值从裸地、石栎+檵木灌丛、马尾松林、木荷+马尾松林、木荷林到栲树林升高极为显著,植物群落演替到灌丛阶段,平均饱和导水率已与裸地存在显著差异,演 相似文献
10.
晋西黄土丘陵区主要人工林土壤饱和导水率研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
饱和导水率是表征土壤入渗能力的重要参数之一,研究饱和导水率对土壤入渗过程分析具有重要的意义。对晋西黄土丘陵区主要人工林土壤饱和导水率(Ks)进行了分析,并利用方差分析(ANOVA)和主成分分析方法探讨了其与土壤物理因子和有机质的相关性,得出影响饱和导水率的主导因子。结果表明,与荒地相比,各林分对饱和导水率均有显著提高;土壤饱和导水率随着土层深度加深呈现负指数递减规律;影响该地区人工林地土壤饱和导水率的主导因子为容重、毛管孔隙度、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体含量、土壤有机质及土壤质地。土壤有机质含量的提高可改善土壤容重、团聚体含量等物理性质;在植被经营过程中,建议采用适宜的混交类型,树种可选择白桦、落叶松等。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
20.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献